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| Author | : Markus Dirk Dubber |
| Publisher | : NYU Press |
| Total Pages | : 411 |
| Release | : 2006 |
| Genre | : Law |
| ISBN | : 0814719295 |
The first book to provide a critical analysis of the role of victims in the criminal justice system as a whole. It also breaks new ground in focusing not only on the victims of crime, but also on those of the war on victimless crime.
| Author | : Carla Ferstman |
| Publisher | : BRILL |
| Total Pages | : 585 |
| Release | : 2009 |
| Genre | : Law |
| ISBN | : 9004174494 |
This book provides detailed analyses of systems that have been established to provide reparations to victims of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes, and the way in which these systems have worked and are working in practice. Many of these systems are described and assessed for the first time in an academic publication. The publication draws upon a groundbreaking Conference organised by the Clemens Nathan Research Centre (CNRC) and REDRESS at the Peace Palace in The Hague, with the support of the Dutch Carnegie Foundation. Both CNRC and REDRESS had become very concerned about the extreme difficulty encountered by most victims of serious international crimes in attempting to access effective and enforceable remedies and reparation for harm suffered. In discussions between the Conference organisers and Judges and officials of the International Criminal Court, it became ever more apparent that there was a great need for frank and open exchanges on the question of effective reparation, between the representatives of victims, of NGOs and IGOs, and other experts. It was clear to all that the many current initiatives of governments and regional and international institutions to afford reparations to victims of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes could benefit greatly by taking into full account the wide and varied practice that had been built up over several decades. In particular, the Hague Conference sought to consider in detail the long experience of the Conference on Jewish Material Claims against Germany (the Claims Conference) in respect of Holocaust restitution programmes, as well as the practice of truth commissions, arbitral proceedings and a variety of national processes to identify common trends, best practices and lessons. This book thus explores the actions of governments, as well as of national and international courts and commissions in applying, processing, implementing and enforcing a variety of reparations schemes and awards. Crucially, it considers the entire complex of issues from the perspective of the beneficiaries - survivors and their communities - and from the perspective of the policy-makers and implementers tasked with resolving technical and procedural challenges in bringing to fruition adequate, effective and meaningful reparations in the context of mass victimisation.
| Author | : Robert Elias |
| Publisher | : SAGE |
| Total Pages | : 189 |
| Release | : 1993-04-19 |
| Genre | : Family & Relationships |
| ISBN | : 0803950535 |
The 1980s saw official crime policy in the United States shifting its focus from crime and criminals to victimization and victims. In this thought-provoking book, Robert Elias evaluates the effectiveness of this shift in policy and argues that victims have been politically manipulated for official objectives. From a thorough examination of victim legislation, get-tough crime policies, media crime coverage, the victim movement, and the wars on crime and drugs, Elias concludes that little victim support has actually occurred and that victimization is, in fact, escalating. He argues for a change in the structural sources of crime and proposes a `new culture' that could lead to substantially less crime.
| Author | : VASJA. 'ADALIC |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2020 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9783030124083 |
| Author | : Aya Gruber |
| Publisher | : Univ of California Press |
| Total Pages | : 302 |
| Release | : 2020-05-26 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 0520973143 |
Many feminists grapple with the problem of hyper-incarceration in the United States, and yet commentators on gender crime continue to assert that criminal law is not tough enough. This punitive impulse, prominent legal scholar Aya Gruber argues, is dangerous and counterproductive. In their quest to secure women’s protection from domestic violence and rape, American feminists have become soldiers in the war on crime by emphasizing white female victimhood, expanding the power of police and prosecutors, touting the problem-solving power of incarceration, and diverting resources toward law enforcement and away from marginalized communities. Deploying vivid cases and unflinching analysis, The Feminist War on Crime documents the failure of the state to combat sexual and domestic violence through law and punishment. Zero-tolerance anti-violence law and policy tend to make women less safe and more fragile. Mandatory arrests, no-drop prosecutions, forced separation, and incarceration embroil poor women of color in a criminal justice system that is historically hostile to them. This carceral approach exacerbates social inequalities by diverting more power and resources toward a fundamentally flawed criminal justice system, further harming victims, perpetrators, and communities alike. In order to reverse this troubling course, Gruber contends that we must abandon the conventional feminist wisdom, fight violence against women without reinforcing the American prison state, and use criminalization as a technique of last—not first—resort.
| Author | : Elizabeth Hinton |
| Publisher | : Harvard University Press |
| Total Pages | : 460 |
| Release | : 2016-05-02 |
| Genre | : History |
| ISBN | : 0674737237 |
Co-Winner of the Thomas J. Wilson Memorial Prize A New York Times Notable Book of the Year A New York Times Book Review Editors’ Choice A Wall Street Journal Favorite Book of the Year A Choice Outstanding Academic Title of the Year A Publishers Weekly Favorite Book of the Year In the United States today, one in every thirty-one adults is under some form of penal control, including one in eleven African American men. How did the “land of the free” become the home of the world’s largest prison system? Challenging the belief that America’s prison problem originated with the Reagan administration’s War on Drugs, Elizabeth Hinton traces the rise of mass incarceration to an ironic source: the social welfare programs of Lyndon Johnson’s Great Society at the height of the civil rights era. “An extraordinary and important new book.” —Jill Lepore, New Yorker “Hinton’s book is more than an argument; it is a revelation...There are moments that will make your skin crawl...This is history, but the implications for today are striking. Readers will learn how the militarization of the police that we’ve witnessed in Ferguson and elsewhere had roots in the 1960s.” —Imani Perry, New York Times Book Review
| Author | : Robert C. Davis |
| Publisher | : SAGE |
| Total Pages | : 569 |
| Release | : 2013 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 1452203202 |
This edition includes newly contributed and updated articles utilizing the latest research and studies in the areas of violence, abuse, and victims' rights from experts in the field. It has a stronger focus on emerging issues and policies in the field of victimology than other comparable texts. It utilizes the latest research and studies in the areas of violence, abuse, and victims, rights. It focuses on the emerging issues and policies in the fields of victim rights and crime prevention. New 3 Part organization with the more common victimizing crimes first, followed by responses to victimizations, and then newer issues and types of victimizations in Part 3. There is a new chapters on human trafficking and cyber crime. There is a major expansion of the human services response and school victimizations. It is updated throughout with new data and research.
| Author | : Thorsten Bonacker |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 405 |
| Release | : 2013-07-09 |
| Genre | : Law |
| ISBN | : 9067049123 |
In international law victims' issues have gained more and more attention over the last decades. In particular in transitional justice processes the victim is being given high priority. It is to be seen in this context that the Rome Statute for the International Criminal Court foresees a rather excessive victim participation concept in criminal prosecution. In this volume issue is taken at first with the definition of victims, and secondly with the role of the victim as a witness and as a participant. Several chapters address this matter with a view to the International Criminal Court (ICC), the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC) and the Trial against Demjanjuk in Germany. In a third part the interests of the victims outside the criminal trial are being discussed. In the final part the role of civil society actors are being tackled. This volume thus gives an overview of the role of victims in transitional justice processes from an interdisciplinary angle, combining academic research and practical experience.
| Author | : Vadym Chovgan |
| Publisher | : Vadym Chovgan |
| Total Pages | : 100 |
| Release | : 2022-09-07 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : |
The authors of this report were asked to scope and identify what impact the Ukrainian Civil Society Organisations (CSOs) could have in the war crimes space, namely assistance for victims, advocacy and public outreach, and what if any guidance the international NGOs could provide. The vibrancy of the Ukrainian CSOs is highlighted in the fact that over one hundred CSOs signed the Civil Society Manifesto (Lugano Declaration) in June 2022 as part of an agreement on common principles and a framework for the future. Wherever possible, the work of CSOs should complement that of the state mechanisms, ensuring that all evidence collected under the auspices of war crimes is admissible and the investigation process is not jeopardised. The needs of war crime survivors need to be better understood within the criminal justice system and the diverse work of CSOs needs to be better understood and coordinated to ensure best practice is achieved and maintained, and coordination improved. The extent to which a stigma attached to CRSV victims by society exists needs to be understood and, if present reduced, and women’s rights groups must be strengthened along with awareness campaigns of health care, legal services and public outreach. Pertinent to this report is the fact that there are many different themes and focuses in war crimes, for example, documentation, investigation, legal, perpetrators of war crimes, support of victims of war crimes and CRSV, their families and survivors, and also different types of war crimes, e.g., CRSV, forced displacement of people and children, cultural heritage destruction, etc. In conducting this report, in such a short space of time efforts were made to widen the gamut beyond investigations solely with a view to providing a report that includes: 1. A situation report of the key CSO players and stakeholders currently engaged in War Crimes investigations through to trial process. 2. An overview of the impact of CRSV on victims and witnesses in Ukraine, a clear assessment of the needs of those impacted by CRSV, and whether those needs are being sufficiently met 3. Identification of the key gaps and requirements to support victims and witnesses of war crimes in Ukraine 4. A range of practical support and interventions that would add value to the combined efforts for HMG to consider. The Inception Phase included desk-based research and interviews with Ukrainian and international actors operating in the areas of victim support (rather than accountability and investigations) including, but not limited to: · Victim and Witness services · Non-Government Organisations · Civil Society Organisations · Defence Lawyers (who are representing victims and families) · Media outlets and sources · Police and War Crime Investigators (re victim and witness handling) · Office of the Prosecutor General (and Public Prosecutors) responsible for victim support · Judiciary (for oversight of witness interaction) National subject matter experts Vadym Chovgan and Eugene Krapyvin conducted real time, in-country engagement in conjunction with Optima’s Rule of Law expertise and experience to analyse the findings and identify practical interventions that provide both operational and diplomatic benefits. This was done through: 1. Stakeholder Analysis Produced through research and open-source intelligence, focused interviews, questionnaires, literature review and media search, the stakeholder analysis has identified a number of the key players and the headlines of who is doing what, where they are doing it, what the current scale of their activities, what is their plan for growth, what’s the demand and what’s stopping them from meeting that demand. 2. Best Practice Analysis The Best Practice Analysis has provided examples of Ukrainian and International best practice as well as highlighted the most significant challenges in Ukraine. International examples of best practice have been taken from a number of conflicts including Rwanda, Yugoslavia and Iraq. 3. Gap Analysis and recommendations The Gap Analysis has drawn together the information from the Stakeholder Analysis and the Best Practice Analysis to provide an overview of who’s doing what, where and where there are gaps.
| Author | : Jonathan Simon |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
| Total Pages | : 341 |
| Release | : 2007-02-03 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 0198040024 |
Across America today gated communities sprawl out from urban centers, employers enforce mandatory drug testing, and schools screen students with metal detectors. Social problems ranging from welfare dependency to educational inequality have been reconceptualized as crimes, with an attendant focus on assigning fault and imposing consequences. Even before the recent terrorist attacks, non-citizen residents had become subject to an increasingly harsh regime of detention and deportation, and prospective employees subjected to background checks. How and when did our everyday world become dominated by fear, every citizen treated as a potential criminal? In this startlingly original work, Jonathan Simon traces this pattern back to the collapse of the New Deal approach to governing during the 1960s when declining confidence in expert-guided government policies sent political leaders searching for new models of governance. The War on Crime offered a ready solution to their problem: politicians set agendas by drawing analogies to crime and redefined the ideal citizen as a crime victim, one whose vulnerabilities opened the door to overweening government intervention. By the 1980s, this transformation of the core powers of government had spilled over into the institutions that govern daily life. Soon our schools, our families, our workplaces, and our residential communities were being governed through crime. This powerful work concludes with a call for passive citizens to become engaged partners in the management of risk and the treatment of social ills. Only by coming together to produce security, can we free ourselves from a logic of domination by others, and from the fear that currently rules our everyday life.
