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| Author | : Kathrin Daniela Ellieroth |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 145 |
| Release | : 2020 |
| Genre | : Marriage |
| ISBN | : |
Download Three Essays on Women and the Macroeconomy Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
In my dissertation I study how differences in gender and marital status affect aggregate labor market outcomes in the economy.In my first chapter "Cyclicality of Hours Worked by Married Women and Spousal Insurance", I document that married women's hours worked are less cyclical than married men's and singles' hours and argue that spousal insurance contributes to the low cyclicality. Analyzing volatility and transition rates, I show that married women are less likely to leave the labor force during recessions, but not more likely to join. In my second chapter "Spousal Insurance, Precautionary Labor Supply, and the Business Cycle", I document that married women are less likely to leave the labor force and are more attached to employment in recessions. Using a two-person household incomplete assets markets model with labor market frictions, I show that married women exhibit precautionary labor supply in response to the higher threat of job loss experienced by their husband in recessions. Quantitative analysis shows that married women's precautionary labor supply behavior is an important mechanism of intra-household risk sharing and accounts for 30% of married women's low employment cyclicality. Furthermore, I show that spousal insurance reduces married households' consumption volatility by 30% over the business cycle.In my third chapter "From Trend to Cycle: the Changing Careers of Married Women and Business Cycle Risk" (joint with Amanda Michaud), we show that the rise in hours and employment of married women has been driven by a rise of "career women" with highly persistent full-time participation. We derive implications of this secular change for the cyclically aggregate labor using a unified theory. We find that, while the hours cyclicality varies greatly across career types, the changing composition of careers and families nets little change in the aggregate hours cyclicality, but redistributes the cyclical risk across household types.
| Author | : Linda DeRiviere |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2005 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Download Three Essays on Women in the Economy Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
| Author | : Susan L. Averett |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
| Total Pages | : 889 |
| Release | : 2018-05-15 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 0190878266 |
Download The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The transformation of women's lives over the past century is among the most significant and far-reaching of social and economic phenomena, affecting not only women but also their partners, children, and indeed nearly every person on the planet. In developed and developing countries alike, women are acquiring more education, marrying later, having fewer children, and spending a far greater amount of their adult lives in the labor force. Yet, because women remain the primary caregivers of children, issues such as work-life balance and the glass ceiling have given rise to critical policy discussions in the developed world. In developing countries, many women lack access to reproductive technology and are often relegated to jobs in the informal sector, where pay is variable and job security is weak. Considerable occupational segregation and stubborn gender pay gaps persist around the world. The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy is the first comprehensive collection of scholarly essays to address these issues using the powerful framework of economics. Each chapter, written by an acknowledged expert or team of experts, reviews the key trends, surveys the relevant economic theory, and summarizes and critiques the empirical research literature. By providing a clear-eyed view of what we know, what we do not know, and what the critical unanswered questions are, this Handbook provides an invaluable and wide-ranging examination of the many changes that have occurred in women's economic lives.
| Author | : Jie Cao |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2016 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Download Three Essays in Macroeconomics Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This thesis consists of three chapters. Chapter 1 studies a life-cycle pattern of female labor supply (hours per woman) in Japan. It exhibits an "M" shape with the second peak lower than the first one. Employing a micro-data set, I show that the pattern can be understood as a result of labor supply behavioral differences across different types of women and demographic composition changes along the life cycle. I then build a life-cycle model featuring transitions between heterogeneous types of women, human capital accumulation and childcare cost. The calibrated model accounts for the aggregate pattern well. Counterfactual experiments suggest that narrowing gender wage gap would have a larger positive effect on female labor supply than lowering childcare cost, a result mostly explained by the human capital channel. Chapter 2 studies the links between idiosyncratic distortions and potential aggregate losses. Under the economic environment of Restuccia et al. (2008) (RR), I characterize analytically the mappings from distortions to total factor productivity (TFP) and other aggregate measures. Using these mappings, I explain in a unified way three features emerged from RR's numerical experiments, where endogenous exit of firms is assumed away and distortions are restricted so as to have no impact on capital accumulation. Additionally, I explain why these features disappear when distortions affect capital accumulation. I then extend RR's study by introducing the endogenous exit margin and find that various aggregate losses can respond to this margin quite differently. Chapter 3 studies financial frictions and resource misallocation in China's manufacturing sector. I emphasize two aspects of the financial frictions in the Chinese context. One is credit discrimination: Unproductive state-owned enterprises (SOEs) have easy access to credit while productive non-SOEs are credit constrained. The other is that the credit constraint faced by non-SOEs is much tighter than those in financially developed countries. Using a firm-level data set, I find that a potential 24% TFP gain can be achieved if the credit constraint faced by non-SOEs is at a level similar to the one in the US, and that 53% of the gain can be attributed to improved allocations between SOEs and non-SOEs.
| Author | : Ruth T. Badru |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 488 |
| Release | : 2018 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Download Essays on Gender and the Macroeconomy Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The three [independent but related] empirical chapters employ multivariate econometric time-series analyses to examine long-run and short-run relationships between gender [in]equality and the components of aggregate demand and the role of public expenditure in promoting women's economic empowerment.
| Author | : Caterina Rho |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 43 |
| Release | : 2017 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Download Three Essays in Macroeconomics Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
| Author | : Susan L. Averett |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
| Total Pages | : 889 |
| Release | : 2018-05-15 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 0190628979 |
Download The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The transformation of women's lives over the past century is among the most significant and far-reaching of social and economic phenomena, affecting not only women but also their partners, children, and indeed nearly every person on the planet. In developed and developing countries alike, women are acquiring more education, marrying later, having fewer children, and spending a far greater amount of their adult lives in the labor force. Yet, because women remain the primary caregivers of children, issues such as work-life balance and the glass ceiling have given rise to critical policy discussions in the developed world. In developing countries, many women lack access to reproductive technology and are often relegated to jobs in the informal sector, where pay is variable and job security is weak. Considerable occupational segregation and stubborn gender pay gaps persist around the world. The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy is the first comprehensive collection of scholarly essays to address these issues using the powerful framework of economics. Each chapter, written by an acknowledged expert or team of experts, reviews the key trends, surveys the relevant economic theory, and summarizes and critiques the empirical research literature. By providing a clear-eyed view of what we know, what we do not know, and what the critical unanswered questions are, this Handbook provides an invaluable and wide-ranging examination of the many changes that have occurred in women's economic lives.
| Author | : Raj Nallari |
| Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
| Total Pages | : 167 |
| Release | : 2011-01 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 9780821374344 |
Download Gender and Macroeconomic Policy Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Mainstream economic analysis has traditionally overlooked gender. The individual - the basic category of analysis - was regarded as genderless. Neither gender discrimination nor segmentation and segregation within the labour market or within the household was present. Contributions from development theory, new household economics (NHE), labour economics, and feminist analysis have done much to change this. Focusing on gender equality - by which we mean equality in opportunity, inputs, and outcome - has yielded important insights for the growth and development of an economy. But we are still at the cusp. While there have been huge improvements in recognising gender as an analytical category at the microeconomic level, the macroeconomic implications of gender equality remain undeveloped. Engendering macroeconomics is an important and valid research and policy area. Over the past three decades, economic development has generally affected women differently than men in the developing world. At the same time, gender relations have affected macroeconomic outcomes. This volume examines the research and policy implications of engendering macroeconomic policy.
| Author | : Christian Siegel |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2012 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Download Essays in Macroeconomics Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This thesis provides three essays in macroeconomics. The first chapter analyzes trends in fertility and time allocation. Falling fertility rates have often been linked to rising female wages. However, over the last 30 years the US total fertility rate has been stable while female wages have continued to grow. Over the same period, women's hours spent on housework have declined, but men's have increased. A model with a shrinking gender wage gap is proposed capturing these trends. While rising relative wages increase women's labour supply, they also lead to a reallocation of home production from women to men, and a higher use of labour-saving inputs. Both are important in understanding why fertility did not decline further. The second chapter presents a life-cycle model with heterogeneous households and incomplete financial markets to study the implications of a reform that eliminates capital taxation. In the economy individuals differ in terms of their gender and marital status, and decision making within the couple is modelled as a contract under limited commitment. When capital taxes are set to zero, there is a strong increase in wealth accumulation that originates in dual earner households. Moreover, the policy change has important implications for the division of resources within the family and for households' insurance possibilities. The third chapter is motivated by the dramatic reshuffling in relative positions between East Asian and Latin American economies. It studies the dynamic response of a two- sector, manufacturing and agriculture, economy in the presence of import tariffs and export subsidies on manufacturing goods, similar to those that characterized government policy in these countries. It is shown that the response to these policies depends on the level of productivity in the agricultural sector. Quantitative work, however, finds that differences in agricultural productivities themselves are key in explaining the differential growth experiences.
| Author | : Ritu Dewan |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 236 |
| Release | : 2009 |
| Genre | : Budget process |
| ISBN | : 9788189884512 |
Download Macroeconomics and Gender Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
It is now widely recognized that gender analysis has both challenged and enriched many of the standard assumptions and concepts that inform economic analysis of different kinds, whether to do with paid or unpaid work, peasant studies, care labour and many other areas. Despite this, changes in economic policies have been few and far between, and most do not translate into women-friendly economic policies. Nor have the important contributions of women s studies research to the field of economics standardly seen as a male discipline been given its due importance or recognition. This collection of essays by some of the best-known academics and practitioners in the fields of economics, women s studies, development and sociology, examines a wide range of areas in which women s studies has played a crucial part. Accessibly written and rigorously researched, this book will be useful for academic and general readers, and for those in the related fields of economics, development and gender studies.
