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Author | : Steven Topik |
Publisher | : University of Texas Press |
Total Pages | : 256 |
Release | : 1987-07-01 |
Genre | : Political Science |
ISBN | : 0292765118 |
Download The Political Economy of the Brazilian State, 1889–1930 Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
In this first overview of the Brazilian republican state based on extensive primary source material, Steven Topik demonstrates that well before the disruption of the export economy in 1929, the Brazilian state was one of the most interventionist in Latin America. This study counters the previous general belief that before 1930 Brazil was dominated by an export oligarchy comprised of European and North American capitalists and that only later did the state become prominent in the country’s economic development. Topik examines the state’s performance during the First Republic (1889–1930) in four sectors—finance, the coffee trade, railroads, and industry. By looking at the controversies in these areas, he explains how domestic interclass and international struggles shaped policy and notes the degree to which the state acted relatively independently of civil society. Topik’s primary concern is the actions of state officials and whether their decisions reflected the demands of the ruling class. He shows that conflicting interests of fractions of the ruling class and foreign investors gradually led to far greater state participation than any of the participants originally desired, and that the structure of the economy and of society—not the intentions of the actors—best explains the state’s economic presence.
Author | : Topik Steven |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 255 |
Release | : |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9780835767361 |
Download The Political Economy of the Brazilian State, 1889-1930 Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : André C. Martínez Fritscher |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 64 |
Release | : 2010 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Download The Great Leap Forward Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Brazil at the turn of the twentieth century offers an interesting puzzle. Among the large economies in the Americas it had the lowest level of literacy in 1890, but by 1940 the country had surpassed most of its peers in terms of literacy and had done a significant improvement of its education system. All of this happened in spite of the fact that the Constitution of 1891 included a literacy requirement to vote and gave states the responsibility to spend on education. That is to say, Brazilian states had a significant improvement in education levels and a significant increase in expenditures on education per capita despite having institutions that limited political participation for the masses (Lindert, 2004; Engerman, Mariscal and Sokoloff, 2009) and having one of the worst colonial institutional legacies of the Americas (Acemoglu, Johnson, and Robison, 2001; Easterly and Levine, 2003; and Engerman and Sokoloff, 1997, 2002). This paper explains how state governments got the funds to pay for education and examines the incentives that politicians had to spend on education between 1889 to 1930. Our findings are threefold. First, we show that the Constitution of 1891, which decentralized education and allowed states to collect export taxes to finance expenditures, rendered states with higher windfall tax revenues from the export of commodities to spend more on education per capita. Second, we prove that colonial institutions constrained the financing of education, but that nonetheless the net effect of the increase in commodity exports always led to a net increase in education expenditures. Finally, we argue that political competition after 1891 led politicians to spend on education, Since only literate adults could vote, we show that increases in expenditures (and increases in revenues from export taxes) led to increases in the number of voters at the state level.
Author | : Steven Topik |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 22 |
Release | : 1978 |
Genre | : Banks and banking |
ISBN | : |
Download The Evolution of the Economic Role of the Brazilian State, 1889-1930 Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Winston Fritsch |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 273 |
Release | : 1988-06-18 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 134909580X |
Download External Constraints on Economic Policy in Brazil, 1889–1930 Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Francisco Vidal Luna |
Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
Total Pages | : 457 |
Release | : 2014-03-31 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 110704250X |
Download The Economic and Social History of Brazil since 1889 Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This is the first complete economic and social history of Brazil in the modern period in any language. It provides a detailed analysis of the evolution of the Brazilian society and economy from the end of the empire in 1889 to the present day. The authors elucidate the basic trends that have defined modern Brazilian society and economy. In this period Brazil moved from being a mostly rural traditional agriculture society with only light industry and low levels of human capital to a modern literate and industrial nation. It has also transformed itself into one of the world's most important agricultural exporters. How and why this occurred is explained in this important survey.
Author | : G. Triner |
Publisher | : Palgrave Macmillan |
Total Pages | : 333 |
Release | : 2001-02-16 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 9780312233990 |
Download Banking and Economic Development Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
A banking system emerged in Brazil during the early 20th century that was efficiently and productively supported by economic development. However, it also contained the seeds of its future limitations. This banking system did not equalize conditions across sectors or regions as existing theory and historiography anticipated. Deeply embedded institutional constraints limited banking's contribution to long-term development. The three most important institutional constraints were insecure property rights, continual tension between the system's public and private sector functions, and competition between the Federal State and the states. Nevertheless, the banking system was an effective tool in the consolidation of an economy of national scope during these crucial years. As a modern banking system emerged, its use in national consolidation both magnified and reflected its limitations.
Author | : Steven Topik |
Publisher | : University of Texas Press |
Total Pages | : 256 |
Release | : 1987-07-01 |
Genre | : Political Science |
ISBN | : 9780292765115 |
Download The Political Economy of the Brazilian State, 1889–1930 Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
In this first overview of the Brazilian republican state based on extensive primary source material, Steven Topik demonstrates that well before the disruption of the export economy in 1929, the Brazilian state was one of the most interventionist in Latin America. This study counters the previous general belief that before 1930 Brazil was dominated by an export oligarchy comprised of European and North American capitalists and that only later did the state become prominent in the country’s economic development. Topik examines the state’s performance during the First Republic (1889–1930) in four sectors—finance, the coffee trade, railroads, and industry. By looking at the controversies in these areas, he explains how domestic interclass and international struggles shaped policy and notes the degree to which the state acted relatively independently of civil society. Topik’s primary concern is the actions of state officials and whether their decisions reflected the demands of the ruling class. He shows that conflicting interests of fractions of the ruling class and foreign investors gradually led to far greater state participation than any of the participants originally desired, and that the structure of the economy and of society—not the intentions of the actors—best explains the state’s economic presence.
Author | : Anne G. Hanley |
Publisher | : University of Chicago Press |
Total Pages | : 288 |
Release | : 2018-05-30 |
Genre | : History |
ISBN | : 022653510X |
Download The Public Good and the Brazilian State Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Who and what a government taxes, and how the government spends the money collected, are questions of primary concern to governments large and small, national and local. When public revenues pay for high-quality infrastructure and social services, citizens thrive and crises are averted. When public revenues are inadequate to provide those goods, inequality thrives and communities can verge into unrest—as evidenced by the riots during Greece’s financial meltdown and by the needless loss of life in Haiti’s collapse in the wake of the earthquake. In The Public Good and the Brazilian State, Anne G. Hanley assembles an economic history of public revenues as they developed in nineteenth-century Brazil. Specifically, Hanley investigates the financial life of the municipality—a district comparable to the county in the United States—to understand how the local state organized and prioritized the provision of public services, what revenues paid for those services, and what happened when the revenues collected failed to satisfy local needs. Through detailed analyses of municipal ordinances, mayoral reports, citizen complaints, and financial documents, Hanley sheds light on the evolution of public finance and its effect on the early economic development of Brazilian society. This deeply researched book offers valuable insights for anyone seeking to better understand how municipal finance informs histories of inequality and underdevelopment.
Author | : Lawrence S. Graham |
Publisher | : University of Texas Press |
Total Pages | : 318 |
Release | : 2014-07-03 |
Genre | : History |
ISBN | : 029277303X |
Download The Political Economy of Brazil Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The transition from authoritarian to democratic government in Brazil unleashed profound changes in government and society that cannot be adequately understood from any single theoretical perspective. The great need, say Graham and Wilson, is a holistic vision of what occurred in Brazil, one that opens political and economic analysis to new vistas. This need is answered in The Political Economy of Brazil, a groundbreaking study of late twentieth-century Brazilian issues from a policy perspective. The book was an outgrowth of a year-long policy research project undertaken jointly by the Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs and the Teresa Lozano Long Institute of Latin American Studies, both at the University of Texas at Austin. In this book, several noted scholars focus on specific issues central to an understanding of the political and economic choices that were under debate in Brazil. Their findings reveal that for Brazil the break with the past—the authoritarian regime—could not be complete due to economic choices made in the 1960s and 1970s, and also the way in which economic resources committed at that time locked the government into a relatively limited number of options in balancing external and internal pressures. These conclusions will be important for everyone working in Latin American and Third World development.