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The Physical Connection Between Cosmic Gas Flows, Supermassive Black Holes Growth, and Galaxy Evolution

The Physical Connection Between Cosmic Gas Flows, Supermassive Black Holes Growth, and Galaxy Evolution
Author: Natalie Nicole Bran Sanchez
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2022
Genre:
ISBN:
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The circumgalactic medium (CGM) represents a key interface in the processes of galactic evolution. Here, the gas which enters galaxies through mergers and filaments and the gas expelled from a disk through stellar and black hole feedback intersect, maintaining a reservoir that will shape a galaxy throughout its lifetime. However, due to the diffuse and difficult-to- observe nature of this gaseous region, the degree to which galactic processes impact it are still uncertain, making the CGM a natural laboratory for testing the impact of different feedback models. The CGM of Milky Way-mass galaxies are the best targets for these analyses as these galaxies lie at the turnover mass during which galaxies switch from being dominated by stellar processes and become dominated by supermassive black hole (SMBH) or active galactic nucleus (AGN) processes.My focus of my thesis work is in exploring the impact of supermassive black hole (SMBH) feedback on the evolution of Milky Way-mass (MW-mass) galaxies in hydrodynamic sim- ulations. We use simulations from the N-body+Smoothed particle hydrodynamics code, ChaNGa, and include a 25 Mpc cosmological volume, Romulus25, and a suite of "genet- ically modified" (GM) galaxies. These GM galaxies originate from nearly identical initial conditions resulting in minor modifications to their accretion histories that maintain the large scale structure and final halo mass of the original simulation. We find that (1) the SMBH propagates metals from the disk out into CGM, (2) the mass of metals retained by the galaxy depends on its deviation from the M-sigma relation, and (3) black hole accretion histories can be influenced by larger scale galaxy accretion physics, which work in tandem to quench star formation.

Black Hole Formation and Growth

Black Hole Formation and Growth
Author: Tiziana Di Matteo
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 212
Release: 2019-10-31
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3662597993
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The ultimate proofs that black holes exist have been obtained very recently thanks to the detection of gravitational waves from their coalescence and due to material orbiting at a distance of some gravitational radii imaged by optical interferometry or X-ray reverberation mapping. This book provides three comprehensive and up-to-date reviews covering the gravitational wave breakthrough, our understanding of accretion and feedback in supermassive black holes and the relevance of black holes for the Universe since the Big Bang. Neil J. Cornish presents gravitational wave emission from black hole mergers and the physics of detection. Andrew King reviews the physics of accretion on to supermassive black holes and their feedback on host galaxies. Tiziana Di Matteo addresses our understanding of black hole formation at cosmic dawn, the emergence of the first quasars, black hole merging and structure formation. The topics covered by the 48th Saas-Fee Course provide a broad overview of the importance of black holes in modern astrophysics.

Joint Evolution of Black Holes and Galaxies

Joint Evolution of Black Holes and Galaxies
Author: M. Colpi
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 482
Release: 2006-01-27
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1420012096
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Black holes are among the most mysterious objects that the human mind has been capable of imagining. As pure mathematical constructions, they are tools for exploiting the fundamental laws of physics. As astronomical sources, they are part of our cosmic landscape, warping space-time, coupled to the large-scale properties and life cycle of their host

Supermassive Black Hole

Supermassive Black Hole
Author: Celestial Angell
Publisher: Dedona Publishing
Total Pages: 43
Release:
Genre: Science
ISBN:
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A black hole is a region in space where the gravitational pull is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape from it. This occurs when a massive amount of matter is compressed into a very small area, creating a powerful gravitational field. Black holes form through various processes that involve the collapse of massive astronomical objects and the merging of smaller black holes. One primary method is the stellar collapse. Stars, during their lifecycle, fuse hydrogen into helium in their cores. When the hydrogen is depleted, they begin fusing heavier elements until iron is produced. For stars more than 20 times the mass of the Sun, the end of this fusion process leads to a supernova explosion. The core of the star collapses rapidly due to gravity, and if the core's mass is sufficiently large (typically more than about three times the mass of the Sun), it will continue collapsing into a singularity, forming a stellar-mass black hole. Another way black holes can form is through accretion and growth. A compact object like a neutron star or a white dwarf can accumulate matter from a companion star or its surroundings. As this matter accumulates, the mass of the compact object increases, and it may eventually reach a critical mass where it collapses into a black hole.

Modeling the Evolution of Galaxies and Massive Black Holes Across Cosmic Time

Modeling the Evolution of Galaxies and Massive Black Holes Across Cosmic Time
Author: Daniel Anglés-Alcázar
Publisher:
Total Pages: 207
Release: 2014
Genre:
ISBN:
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I use cosmological hydrodynamic simulations to investigate different aspects of the evolution of galaxies and massive black holes across cosmic time. First, I present high resolution "zoom-in" simulations including various prescriptions for galactic outflows designed to explore the impact of star-formation driven winds on the morphological, dynamical, and structural properties of individual galaxies from early times down to z = 2. Simulations without winds produce massive, compact galaxies with low gas fractions, super-solar metallicities, high bulge fractions, and much of the star formation concentrated within the inner kpc. I show that strong winds are required to suppress early star formation, maintain high gas fractions, redistribute star-forming gas and metals over larger scales, and increase the velocity dispersion of simulated galaxies, more in agreement with the large, extended, turbulent disks typical of high-redshift star-forming galaxies. Next, I combine cosmological simulations with analytic models of black hole growth to investigate the physical mechanisms driving the observed connection between massive black holes and their host galaxies. I describe a plausible model consistent with available observations in which black hole growth is limited by galaxy-scale torques. In this torque-limited growth scenario, black holes and host galaxies evolve on average toward the observed scaling relations, regardless of the initial conditions, and with no need for mass averaging through mergers or additional self-regulation processes. Outflows from the accretion disk play a key role by providing significant mass loss, but there is no need for strong interaction with the inflowing gas in order to regulate black holes in a non-linear feedback loop. I discuss some of the main implications of this scenario in the context of current observations, including the distribution and evolution of Eddington ratios, the connection between major galaxy mergers, star formation, and nuclear activity, and the rapid growth of the first black holes in the early universe. Finally, I present preliminary results from simulations including a fully consistent treatment of black hole accretion and feedback indicating that the effects of powerful accretion-driven outflows on black hole growth itself may have a more limited impact than previously thought.

Supermassive Black Holes in the Distant Universe

Supermassive Black Holes in the Distant Universe
Author: A.J. Barger
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 310
Release: 2013-11-09
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1402024711
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Quasars, and the menagerie of other galaxies with "unusual nuclei", now collectively known as Active Galactic Nuclei or AGN, have, in one form or another, sparked the interest of astronomers for over 60 years. The only known mechanism that can explain the staggering amounts of energy emitted by the innermost regions of these systems is gravitational energy release by matter falling towards a supermassive black hole --- a black hole whose mass is millions to billions of times the mass of our Sun. AGN emit radiation at all wavelengths. X-rays originating at a distance of a few times the event horizon of the black hole are the emissions closest to the black hole that we can detect; thus, X-rays directly reveal the presence of active supermassive black holes. Oftentimes, however, the supermassive black holes that lie at the centers of AGN are cocooned in gas and dust that absorb the emitted low energy X-rays and the optical and ultraviolet light, hiding the black hole from view at these wavelengths. Until recently, this low-energy absorption presented a major obstacle in observational efforts to map the accretion history of the universe. In 1999 and 2000, the launches of the Chandra and XMM-Newton X-ray Observatories finally broke the impasse. The impact of these observatories on X-ray astronomy is similar to the impact that the Hubble Space Telescope had on optical astronomy. The astounding new data from these observatories have enabled astronomers to make enormous advances in their understanding of when accretion occurs.

The Physics of Accretion onto Black Holes

The Physics of Accretion onto Black Holes
Author: Maurizio Falanga
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 483
Release: 2014-10-28
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1493922270
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Provides a comprehensive summary on the physical models and current theory of black hole accretion, growth and mergers, in both the supermassive and stellar-mass cases. This title reviews in-depth research on accretion on all scales, from galactic binaries to intermediate mass and supermassive black holes. Possible future directions of accretion are also discussed. The following main themes are covered: a historical perspective; physical models of accretion onto black holes of all masses; black hole fundamental parameters; and accretion, jets and outflows. An overview and outlook on the topic is also presented. This volume summarizes the status of the study of astrophysical black hole research and is aimed at astrophysicists and graduate students working in this field. Originally published in Space Science Reviews, Vol 183/1-4, 2014.

Growing Black Holes: Accretion in a Cosmological Context

Growing Black Holes: Accretion in a Cosmological Context
Author: Andrea Merloni
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 524
Release: 2005-04-25
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9783540252757
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Supermassive black holes are now believed to play an important role in the evolution of the Universe. Every respectable galaxy hosts in its center a black hole that appears to regulate the growth of the galaxy itself. In this book, leading experts in the field review the most recent theoretical and observational results on the following topics: - formation and growth of the first black holes in the Universe and their role in the formation and evolution of galaxies - the physics of black-hole accretion and the production of relativistic jets - binary black-hole mergers and gravitational radiation. Theoretical work is supplemented by the most recent exciting results from space and ground based observatories. This volume is useful research and reference tool for the entire astrophysical community.

The Growth of Supermassive Black Holes and Connections to Star Formation in Galaxies

The Growth of Supermassive Black Holes and Connections to Star Formation in Galaxies
Author: Chien-Ting Chen
Publisher:
Total Pages: 274
Release: 2015
Genre:
ISBN:
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A profound recent discovery in studies of the cosmic evolution of galaxies is that at the center of essentially every large galaxy there is a supermassive black hole (SMBH). This dissertation explores the origin of these massive black holes and their connection to the host galaxies, by studying rapidly growing black holes (the active galactic nuclei or AGNs) and galaxies that are actively forming stars using the wealth of observations in extragalactic surveys. We first report a strong correlation between star formation rate (SFR) and the average SMBH accretion rate in star-forming galaxies. This highlights that even though the growth rates of the SMBHs and the host galaxies in individual galaxies hosting AGNs are not directly correlated, potentially due to the short variability timescale of AGN relative to SF, averaging over the full AGN population still yields a strong linear correlation between AGN and star formation. We next present evidence for a link between AGN obscuration and host galaxy star formation in the most luminous AGNs: quasars. With careful decomposition of galaxy and AGN contributions through analysis of spectral energy distributions, we successfully placed constraints on the SFR in luminous quasars in which AGN radiation outshines the host galaxy at most wavelengths. We find that obscured quasars have a two times larger far-infrared (IR) detection fraction, far-IR flux and SFR than unobscured quasars. The result indicates that large-scale gas and dust in powderful star-forming galaxies contribute to obscuration of the AGN in luminous quasars. Together, these two results support a scenario in which galaxy and SMBH grow from the same gas reservoir that can also obscure the central SMBH during the luminous quasar phase. Finally, we present a study of the correlation between the AGN mid-IR and X-ray luminosities for a large sample of spectroscopically confirmed type 1 quasars. We have determined that more luminous quasars show increasingly weak X-ray emission relative to their mid-IR luminosity, providing insight into the physics of quasar accretion and highlighting an important effect that must be accounted for in studies of SMBH evolution.

Black Holes

Black Holes
Author: Steff Jaywan
Publisher: Dedona Publishing
Total Pages: 62
Release:
Genre: Science
ISBN:
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This book consists of two titles, which are the following: Galaxies - Galaxies are dynamic entities, constantly evolving through processes like mergers, collisions, and interactions with neighboring galaxies. When galaxies merge, their stars, gas, and dust can undergo dramatic transformations, leading to the formation of new stars and restructuring of the galaxy's shape. These interactions can trigger intense bursts of star formation and feed supermassive black holes at the galaxies' centers, leading to the emission of powerful jets of radiation. Supermassive Black Hole - Black holes form through various processes that involve the collapse of massive astronomical objects and the merging of smaller black holes. One primary method is the stellar collapse. Stars, during their lifecycle, fuse hydrogen into helium in their cores. When the hydrogen is depleted, they begin fusing heavier elements until iron is produced. For stars more than 20 times the mass of the Sun, the end of this fusion process leads to a supernova explosion. The core of the star collapses rapidly due to gravity, and if the core's mass is sufficiently large (typically more than about three times the mass of the Sun), it will continue collapsing into a singularity, forming a stellar-mass black hole.