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An Empirical Evaluation of Structural Credit Risk Models

An Empirical Evaluation of Structural Credit Risk Models
Author: Nikola A. Tarashev
Publisher:
Total Pages: 56
Release: 2005
Genre: Credit
ISBN:

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This paper evaluates empirically the performance of six structural credit risk models by comparing the probabilities of default (PDs) they deliver to ex post default rates. In contrast to previous studies pursuing similar objectives, the paper employs firm-level data and finds that theory-based PDs tend to match closely the actual level of credit risk and to account for its time path. At the same time, nonmodelled macro variables from the financial and real sides of the economy help to substantially improve the forecasts of default rates. The finding suggests that theory-based PDs fail to fully reflect the dependence of credit risk on the business and credit cycles. Most of the upbeat conclusions regarding the performance of the PDs are due to models with endogenous default. For their part, frameworks that assume exogenous default tend to underpredict credit risk. Three borrower characteristics influence materially the predictions of the models: the leverage ratio; the default recovery rate; and the risk-free rate of return.


Advances in Credit Risk Modeling and Management

Advances in Credit Risk Modeling and Management
Author: Frédéric Vrins
Publisher: MDPI
Total Pages: 190
Release: 2020-07-01
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 3039287605

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Credit risk remains one of the major risks faced by most financial and credit institutions. It is deeply connected to the real economy due to the systemic nature of some banks, but also because well-managed lending facilities are key for wealth creation and technological innovation. This book is a collection of innovative papers in the field of credit risk management. Besides the probability of default (PD), the major driver of credit risk is the loss given default (LGD). In spite of its central importance, LGD modeling remains largely unexplored in the academic literature. This book proposes three contributions in the field. Ye & Bellotti exploit a large private dataset featuring non-performing loans to design a beta mixture model. Their model can be used to improve recovery rate forecasts and, therefore, to enhance capital requirement mechanisms. François uses instead the price of defaultable instruments to infer the determinants of market-implied recovery rates and finds that macroeconomic and long-term issuer specific factors are the main determinants of market-implied LGDs. Cheng & Cirillo address the problem of modeling the dependency between PD and LGD using an original, urn-based statistical model. Fadina & Schmidt propose an improvement of intensity-based default models by accounting for ambiguity around both the intensity process and the recovery rate. Another topic deserving more attention is trade credit, which consists of the supplier providing credit facilities to his customers. Whereas this is likely to stimulate exchanges in general, it also magnifies credit risk. This is a difficult problem that remains largely unexplored. Kanapickiene & Spicas propose a simple but yet practical model to assess trade credit risk associated with SMEs and microenterprises operating in Lithuania. Another topical area in credit risk is counterparty risk and all other adjustments (such as liquidity and capital adjustments), known as XVA. Chataignier & Crépey propose a genetic algorithm to compress CVA and to obtain affordable incremental figures. Anagnostou & Kandhai introduce a hidden Markov model to simulate exchange rate scenarios for counterparty risk. Eventually, Boursicot et al. analyzes CoCo bonds, and find that they reduce the total cost of debt, which is positive for shareholders. In a nutshell, all the featured papers contribute to shedding light on various aspects of credit risk management that have, so far, largely remained unexplored.


Credit Risk Analytics

Credit Risk Analytics
Author: Bart Baesens
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 517
Release: 2016-10-03
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1119143985

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The long-awaited, comprehensive guide to practical credit risk modeling Credit Risk Analytics provides a targeted training guide for risk managers looking to efficiently build or validate in-house models for credit risk management. Combining theory with practice, this book walks you through the fundamentals of credit risk management and shows you how to implement these concepts using the SAS credit risk management program, with helpful code provided. Coverage includes data analysis and preprocessing, credit scoring; PD and LGD estimation and forecasting, low default portfolios, correlation modeling and estimation, validation, implementation of prudential regulation, stress testing of existing modeling concepts, and more, to provide a one-stop tutorial and reference for credit risk analytics. The companion website offers examples of both real and simulated credit portfolio data to help you more easily implement the concepts discussed, and the expert author team provides practical insight on this real-world intersection of finance, statistics, and analytics. SAS is the preferred software for credit risk modeling due to its functionality and ability to process large amounts of data. This book shows you how to exploit the capabilities of this high-powered package to create clean, accurate credit risk management models. Understand the general concepts of credit risk management Validate and stress-test existing models Access working examples based on both real and simulated data Learn useful code for implementing and validating models in SAS Despite the high demand for in-house models, there is little comprehensive training available; practitioners are left to comb through piece-meal resources, executive training courses, and consultancies to cobble together the information they need. This book ends the search by providing a comprehensive, focused resource backed by expert guidance. Credit Risk Analytics is the reference every risk manager needs to streamline the modeling process.


Credit Risk Assessment

Credit Risk Assessment
Author: Clark R. Abrahams
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 320
Release: 2009-04-06
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0470461683

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Credit Risk Assessment The New Lending System for Borrowers, Lenders, and Investors Credit Risk Assessment: The New Lending System for Borrowers, Lenders, and Investors equips you with an effective comprehensive credit assessment framework (CCAF) that can provide early warning of risk, thanks to its forward-looking analyses that do not rely on the premise that the past determines the future. Revealing how an existing credit underwriting system can be extended to embrace all relevant factors and business contexts in order to accurately classify credit risk and drive all transactions in a transparent manner, Credit Risk Assessment clearly lays out the facts. This well-timed book explores how your company can improve its current credit assessment system to balance risk and return and prevent future financial disruptions. Describing how a new and comprehensive lending framework can achieve more complete and accurate credit risk assessment while improving loan transparency, affordability, and performance, Credit Risk Assessment addresses: How a CCAF connects borrowers, lenders, and investors—with greater transparency The current financial crisis and its implications The root cause to weaknesses in loan underwriting practices and lending systems The main drivers that undermine borrowers, lenders, and investors Why a new generation of lending systems is needed Market requirements and how a comprehensive risk assessment framework can meet them The notion of an underwriting gap and how it affects the lenders' underwriting practices Typical issues associated with credit scoring models How improper use of credit scoring in underwriting underestimates the borrower's credit risk The ways in which the current lending system fails to address loan affordability How mortgage and capital market financial innovation relates to the crisis


Credit Risk: Modeling, Valuation and Hedging

Credit Risk: Modeling, Valuation and Hedging
Author: Tomasz R. Bielecki
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 517
Release: 2013-03-14
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 3662048213

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The motivation for the mathematical modeling studied in this text on developments in credit risk research is the bridging of the gap between mathematical theory of credit risk and the financial practice. Mathematical developments are covered thoroughly and give the structural and reduced-form approaches to credit risk modeling. Included is a detailed study of various arbitrage-free models of default term structures with several rating grades.


Credit Risk Models and the Basel Accords

Credit Risk Models and the Basel Accords
Author: Donald R. Van Deventer
Publisher: Wiley
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2003-06-25
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9780470820919

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The Bank for International Settlements is only 1-2 years away from effectively requiring all major financial institutions in the world to use a sophisticated credit models. The most widely used model is based on the 1974 Merton model of risky debt. A more recent extension of the Merton model of risky debt is the Shimko, Tejima and van Deventer (1993) model, which allows for simultaneous analysis of credit risk and interest rate risk. Increasingly, however, bankers are turning to a newer class of models called "reduced form credit models" because of their analytical power for both complex derivatives like credit derivatives and the mark to market of loans on a credit adjusted basis. The Basel Capital Accords place a heavy emphasis on financial institutions' ability to assess credit risk. In this book, two of the world's best-known risk management experts assess both the Merton model and reduced form credit models and show exactly how to measure model performance as the Basel Accords require. They use the same tests to assess the likely effectiveness of the Basel Capital Accords in measuring the safety and soundness of financial institutions. The authors go into great detail in assessing the ability of leading credit models to evaluate collateralized debt obligations, loan commitments, collateralized loans, as well as retail and small business loan portfolios. Credit Risk Models and the Basel Accords reviews the objectives of the credit risk management process, introduces the theory of the Merton and reduced form credit models, shows how the models can be used in practice, and then examines a wide range of historical data to show the relative performance of the models in practice. This book offers a balanced review of the newer reduced form models and the older Merton model. It is an invaluable guide for financial institutions striving to meet the requirements of the new Basel Accord. It is a book that thoroughly reviews the pros and cons of both classes of credit model. The Basel Accords ensure that financial institutions do more than just "have" a model - they must also understand how they work. This book will help to fulfill that requirement of the new Basel Accords.