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The Multiple Realization Book

The Multiple Realization Book
Author: Thomas W. Polger
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 273
Release: 2016
Genre: Family & Relationships
ISBN: 0198732899

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Thomas W. Polger and Lawrence A. Shapiro offer the first full investigation of multiple realization--the idea that minds can be realized in ways other than the human brain. They cast doubt on the hypothesis and offer an alternative framework for understanding explanations in the cognitive sciences, and in chemistry, biology, and related fields.


The Multiple Realization Book

The Multiple Realization Book
Author: Thomas W. Polger
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 273
Release: 2016-09-02
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0191047104

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Since Hilary Putnam offered multiple realization as an empirical hypothesis in the 1960s, philosophical consensus has turned against the idea that mental processes could be identified with brain processes, and multiple realization has become the keystone of the 'antireductive consensus' across philosophy of science broadly. Thomas W. Polger and Lawrence A. Shapiro offer the first book-length investigation of multiple realization. Their analysis of multiple realization serves as a starting point to a series of philosophically sophisticated and empirically informed arguments that cast doubt on the generality of multiple realization in the cognitive sciences. In the course of making their case, they respond to classic defenses of multiple realization that Jerry Fodor, Ned Block, and other prominent philosophers of psychology have offered. Polger and Shapiro conclude that the identity theory, once left for dead, remains a viable theory of mind—one that, when suitably framed, enjoys the benefits typically thought to accrue only to theories of mind that presuppose the truth of multiple realization. As Polger and Shapiro see matters, mind-brain identities have played an important role in the growth and achievements of the cognitive sciences, and they see little prospect—or need—for multiple realization in an empirically-based theory of mind. This leads Polger and Shapiro to offer an alternative framework for understanding explanations in the cognitive sciences, as well as in chemistry, biology, and other non-basic sciences.


Product Realization

Product Realization
Author: Anna C. Thornton
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 480
Release: 2021-02-03
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1119649536

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PRAISE FOR PRODUCT REALIZATION: GOING FROM ONE TO A MILLION "A must-read reference for anyone who intends to successfully build a product and bring it to market." Desh Deshpande, Entrepreneur & Life Member of MIT Corporation "This book is a go-to resource for new and experienced hardware teams to help them plan for and execute a new hardware startup successfully and avoid common pitfalls. Highly recommended." Bill Aulet, Managing Director, The Martin Trust Center for MIT Entrepreneurship & Professor of the Practice, MIT Sloan School and Author of Disciplined Entrepreneurship "An excellent, practical guide for first time entrepreneurs building physical world products." Laila Partridge, Managing Director, STANLEY+Techstars Accelerator "Product Realization picks up where so many product design books end. Here is the book that explains it all chock full of shop-floor wisdom, fascinating stories and compelling examples." Steven Eppinger, Professor of Management Science and Engineering Systems, Massachusetts Institute of Technology "Product Realization contains the critical information and roadmap hardware entrepreneurs need as they take their concepts from prototype to production." Ken Rother, Managing Director eLab and Visiting Lecturer of Management, Johnson Graduate School of Management, Cornell University Product Realization: Going from One to a Million delivers a comprehensive treatment of the entire product launch process from beginning to end. Drawing upon the author's extensive first-hand experience with dozens of successful product launches, the book explores the process of bringing a design from prototype to product. It illustrates the complicated and interdisciplinary process with vignettes and examples, provides checklists and templates to help teams, and points out common challenges teams will face. Perfect for both students, start-ups, and engineers in the field, Product Realization: Going from One to a Million will be the go-to reference for engineers seeking practical advice and concrete strategies to launch higher quality products, at the right cost and on time.


Physical Realization

Physical Realization
Author: Sydney Shoemaker
Publisher: Clarendon Press
Total Pages: 161
Release: 2007-07-19
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 0191526827

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In Physical Realization, Sydney Shoemaker considers the question of how physicalism can be true: how can all facts about the world, including mental ones, be constituted by facts about the distribution in the world of physical properties? Physicalism requires that the mental properties of a person are 'realized in' the physical properties of that person, and that all instantiations of properties in macroscopic objects are realized in microphysical states of affairs. Shoemaker offers an account of both these sorts of realization, one which allows the realized properties to be causally efficacious. He also explores the implications of this account for a wide range of metaphysical issues, including the nature of persistence through time, the problem of material constitution, the possibility of emergent properties, and the nature of phenomenal consciousness.


Supervenience and Mind

Supervenience and Mind
Author: Jaegwon Kim
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 404
Release: 1993-11-26
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 9780521439961

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This collection of essays presents the core of the work of influential philosopher Jaegwon Kim.


Initiation and Spiritual Realization

Initiation and Spiritual Realization
Author: René Guénon
Publisher: Sophia Perennis
Total Pages: 224
Release: 2004-05
Genre: Religion
ISBN: 9780900588426

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Initiation and Spiritual Realization is the closest thing to a work on 'spiritual direction' René Guénon ever wrote, touching as it does upon such vital topics as the transmission of initiatic grace, the various types and functions of the spiritual master, obstacles the aspirant is likely to encounter, different modes of contemplation, and the degrees of spiritual realization. A companion volume to Perspectives on Initiation, where Guénon had defined the nature of initiation and of the organizations qualified to transmit it, Initiation and Spiritual Realization was the first thematic collection of Guénon's articles to appear after his death. And one doctrine expressed in this book stands out as particularly timely: that esoterism is not and cannot be a religion in itself, since to take it as such is to reduce it to an 'alternative' exoterism, and a heterodox one at that. Initiatic esoterism can only be legitimately and effectively practiced within the context of one of the established, revealed religions.


Argument Realization

Argument Realization
Author: Beth Levin
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 288
Release: 2005-06-20
Genre: Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN: 0521663318

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This 2005 book surveys theories about the relationship between verbs and their arguments, an important research topic in linguistics.


Reality and Self-Realization

Reality and Self-Realization
Author: MinGyu Seo
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 123
Release: 2014-03-21
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 131775560X

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Since the publication of Roy Bhaskar’s A Realist Theory of Science in 1975, critical realism has been evolved as one of the new developments in the areas of philosophy of natural and social science which offers an alternatively fresh view to the existing theories including positivism and post-modernism. Bhaskar’s intellectual movement, which is now fully international and multi-disciplinary, and continues to influence the philosophies of natural and social science, has transformed into ‘Dialectical Critical Realism’ (hereafter DCR) and the philosophy of ‘meta-Reality.’ MinGyu will conclude that his anti-anthropic Non-duality continues through all the steps of Bhaskar’s thought, maintaining the consistency of his scientific, metaphysical, and spiritual journey. The anti-anthropic motif is fully realized in the philosophy of Non-duality - the ‘constellational identification of dualism, duality and non-duality’ in his meta-Reality. Defending Bhaskar against Collier, Agar, and Morgan, MinGyu tries to show how its anti-anthropic and non-dualistic foundation is sustained through the whole of Bhaskar’s journey, involving a transformation of its subject matters from reality, to the dialectic of reality, to the real truth underlying the former stages. This book provides an indispensible resource for all students of philosophy and the human sciences.


The Multiple States of the Being

The Multiple States of the Being
Author: René Guénon
Publisher: Sophia Perennis
Total Pages: 128
Release: 2001
Genre: Ontology
ISBN: 9780900588600

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The Multiple States of the Being is the companion to, and the completion of, The Symbolism of the Cross, which, together with Man and His Becoming according to the Vedanta, constitute René Guénon's great trilogy of pure metaphysics. In this work, Guénon offers a masterful explication of the metaphysical order and its multiple manifestations-of the divine hierarchies and what has been called the Great Chain of Being-and in so doing demonstrates how jñana, intellective or intrinsic knowledge of what is, and of That which is Beyond what is, is a Way of Liberation. Guénon the metaphysical social critic, master of arcane symbolism, comparative religionist, researcher of ancient mysteries and secret histories, summoner to spiritual renewal, herald of the end days, disappears here. Reality remains.


The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind

The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind
Author: Julian Jaynes
Publisher: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Total Pages: 580
Release: 2000-08-15
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 0547527543

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National Book Award Finalist: “This man’s ideas may be the most influential, not to say controversial, of the second half of the twentieth century.”—Columbus Dispatch At the heart of this classic, seminal book is Julian Jaynes's still-controversial thesis that human consciousness did not begin far back in animal evolution but instead is a learned process that came about only three thousand years ago and is still developing. The implications of this revolutionary scientific paradigm extend into virtually every aspect of our psychology, our history and culture, our religion—and indeed our future. “Don’t be put off by the academic title of Julian Jaynes’s The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind. Its prose is always lucid and often lyrical…he unfolds his case with the utmost intellectual rigor.”—The New York Times “When Julian Jaynes . . . speculates that until late in the twentieth millennium BC men had no consciousness but were automatically obeying the voices of the gods, we are astounded but compelled to follow this remarkable thesis.”—John Updike, The New Yorker “He is as startling as Freud was in The Interpretation of Dreams, and Jaynes is equally as adept at forcing a new view of known human behavior.”—American Journal of Psychiatry