The History Of Political Parties And General Elections In Indonesia PDF Download

On November 18, 1992, a delegation representing Badan Perlindungan Hak-Hak Politik Rakyat dalam Menghadapi Pemilihan Umum 1992 (BPHPR) [Body for the Protection of the People's Political Rights Facing the 1992 General Election], presented a "White Book" on the election to the People's Representative Assembly (MPR). The delegation members were received by Prof. Dr. Achmad Amiruddin, the Deputy Chairman of the MPR, who was quoted as "valuing their opinion," but who refused to be engaged in dialogue on the issues raised in the White Book. As far as is known, nothing more became of that document until now. Most of it is presented here in translation. The White Book contains not only a detailed accounting of infractions and fraud that occurred during the campaign and election process, but also a fundamental critique of the system of popular representation under the New Order, of which general elections are only a part. This critique arises, in the first instance, from the discrepancy between New Order laws, regulations, and rhetoric on the one hand, and actual practices on the other. But it also arises from a deeper -- some would say idealistic -- vision of popular democracy in Indonesia, including the role of political parties, elections, and the rule of law. In this vision, some basic human rights, including the political right to abstain in elections, are inviolate. The White Book, while presenting a fundamental critique of general elections in the New Order political system, also documents numerous infractions that occurred in the conduct or actual practice of the 1992 election. This in itself must have been a difficult task. Still remaining is a comparison of 1992 against the conduct of previous elections. The question intrigues serious students of Indonesian politics: overall, how did the conduct of the 1992 election measure up against previous New Order elections? It seems fair to conclude that in 1992 there was less overt intervention by the Armed Forces in favor of Golkar than in previous elections, and that the 1992 election was implemented in a more neutral fashion at both the upper or central and the provincial levels. But there was little change at the lower levels, where numerous violations and manipulations occurred in such aspects as the distribution of summonses needed to vote, the presence of party witnesses at polling places, attention paid to witnesses' complaints, meaningful participation of party representatives in committees (PPS and KPPS), and the initial compilation of the votes.