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The Guinea Pig Model

The Guinea Pig Model
Author: Viviana Parreño
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 118
Release: 2023-04-10
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1000850633

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This book summarizes the development and statistical validation of a guinea pig model as an alternative for potency testing of the viral antigens included in combined vaccines applied in cattle to control the respiratory, reproductive, and neonatal calf diarrhea syndromes. The model allows, in one serum sample, to test the vaccine quality for all the viral antigens included in aqueous as well as in oil-adjuvanted formulations of bovine vaccines. The methodology proposed for the control of bovine herpes virus, parainfluenza, and rotavirus were recommended by CAMEVET as guidelines for the 30 countries in the forum, including the US. Key Features Reviews combined vaccines used for cattle Summarizes animal models used for vaccine testing Focuses on bovine herpesviruses, rotaviruses, parainfluenza, and bovine viral diarrhea virus Provides guidance on the effectiveness of the Guinea Pig model for testing vaccine immunogenicity


Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis
Author: Barry R. Bloom
Publisher:
Total Pages: 664
Release: 1994
Genre: Medical
ISBN:

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The authors discuss fundamental questions about the biology, genetics, mechanisms of pathogenicity, mechanisms of resistance, and drug development strategies that are likely to provide important new knowledge about TB and new interventions to prevent and treat this disease.


The Guinea-Pig Placenta

The Guinea-Pig Placenta
Author: P. Kaufmann
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 93
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3642666183

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The placenta of the guinea-pig has assumed exceptional importance among the discoidal hemochorial placentae since the end of the sixties. Up to that date, numerous studies had been published on the functional analysis of the human placenta. One shortcom ing common to all these studies, however, was the fact, that the human placenta was not absolutely suitable for morphological research, owing to fIxation difficulties, and for experimental investigations virtually unsuitable. Since other hemochorial villous placentae, like that of the anthropoid apes (primates) were practically unobtainable, a possible alternative was sought among the I;tcunal placentae. The numerous studies on the guinea-pig placenta undertaken at the turn of the century favoured the choice of this organ as it also belonged to the discoidal hemochorial type, like that of man. The fact that its structure was not villous but lacunal and therefore showed a different cir culation seemed even advantageous in this case. The lacunal system facilitates differen tiation in morphologically distinct areas, which allow independent functional analysis. The morphological and histochemical studies made during the past decade by Enders (1965), Vollrath (1965), Miiller and Fischer (1968), Kaufmann (1969a), Davidoff and Schiebler (1970a, b), King and Enders (1970b, 1971), Davidoff and Gospodinoff (1971), Davidoff (1973), Kaufmann (1974) have led to the discovery of a large amount of new information on this organ, thus rendering it one of the most precisely examined placentae so far.


Development of a Guinea Pig Model for Low-Dose Chronic Exposure to Organophosphorus Nerve Agents

Development of a Guinea Pig Model for Low-Dose Chronic Exposure to Organophosphorus Nerve Agents
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2003
Genre:
ISBN:

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An animal dosing model and related maximum tolerated dose (MTD) were developed for repeated exposures in guinea pigs to three organophosphorus chemical warfare nerve agents (CWNA). Male animals were injected subcutaneously with sarin (GB), soman (GD) or VX once a day (Monday through Friday) for 2-, 4-, or 13-weeks. An initial 13-week study for each CWNA employed doses of vehicle (normal saline), 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 x the previously established acute LD50. A 2-week and 4-week exposure were also performed for each agent at doses less than the 13-week MTD to verify lack of toxicity. Animals dosed daily for 13 weeks with 0.4 x LD50 of GB or GD or with 0.2 x LD50 of VX did not display signs of acute cholinergic toxicity. In animals dosed daily for either 2- or 4-weeks, the MTDs were 0.4 x the acute LD50 for all 3 CWNA. There were no differences among these groups and their respective vehicle controls for weight gains, body temperature, complete blood cell counts, blood chemistries, nor by histopathology. At the MTD in all groups, red blood cell cholinesterase activity one hour alter the last exposure was inhibited up to 90% compared with controls.


A Guinea Pig's History of Biology

A Guinea Pig's History of Biology
Author: Jim Endersby
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Total Pages: 544
Release: 2007
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9780674027138

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"Endless forms most beautiful and most wonderful have been, and are being, evolved," Darwin famously concluded The Origin of Species, and for confirmation we look to...the guinea pig? How this curious creature and others as humble (and as fast-breeding) have helped unlock the mystery of inheritance is the unlikely story Jim Endersby tells in this book. Biology today promises everything from better foods or cures for common diseases to the alarming prospect of redesigning life itself. Looking at the organisms that have made all this possible gives us a new way of understanding how we got here--and perhaps of thinking about where we're going. Instead of a history of which great scientists had which great ideas, this story of passionflowers and hawkweeds, of zebra fish and viruses, offers a bird's (or rodent's) eye view of the work that makes science possible. Mixing the celebrities of genetics, like the fruit fly, with forgotten players such as the evening primrose, the book follows the unfolding history of biological inheritance from Aristotle's search for the "universal, absolute truth of fishiness" to the apparently absurd speculations of eighteenth-century natural philosophers to the spectacular findings of our day--which may prove to be the absurdities of tomorrow. The result is a quirky, enlightening, and thoroughly engaging perspective on the history of heredity and genetics, tracing the slow, uncertain path--complete with entertaining diversions and dead ends--that led us from the ancient world's understanding of inheritance to modern genetics.


Animal Biotechnology

Animal Biotechnology
Author: Ashish S. Verma
Publisher: Academic Press
Total Pages: 685
Release: 2013-11-04
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0123914345

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Animal Biotechnology introduces applications of animal biotechnology and implications for human health and welfare. It begins with an introduction to animal cell cultures and genome sequencing analysis and provides readers with a review of available cell and molecular tools. Topics here include the use of transgenic animal models, tissue engineering, nanobiotechnology, and proteomics. The book then delivers in-depth examples of applications in human health and prospects for the future, including cytogenetics and molecular genetics, xenografts, and treatment of HIV and cancers. All this is complemented by a discussion of the ethical and safety considerations in the field.Animal biotechnology is a broad field encompassing the polarities of fundamental and applied research, including molecular modeling, gene manipulation, development of diagnostics and vaccines, and manipulation of tissue. Given the tools that are currently available and the translational potential for these studies, animal biotechnology has become one of the most essential subjects for those studying life sciences. Highlights the latest biomedical applications of genetically modified and cloned animals with a focus on cancer and infectious diseases Provides firsthand accounts of the use of biotechnology tools, including molecular markers, stem cells, and tissue engineering


Nutrient Requirements of Laboratory Animals,

Nutrient Requirements of Laboratory Animals,
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 188
Release: 1995-02-01
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0309051266

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In the years since the third edition of this indispensable reference was published, a great deal has been learned about the nutritional requirements of common laboratory species: rat, mouse, guinea pig, hamster, gerbil, and vole. The Fourth Revised Edition presents the current expert understanding of the lipid, carbohydrate, protein, mineral, vitamin, and other nutritional needs of these animals. The extensive use of tables provides easy access to a wealth of comprehensive data and resource information. The volume also provides an expanded background discussion of general dietary considerations. In addition to a more user-friendly organization, new features in this edition include: A significantly expanded section on dietary requirements for rats, reporting substantial new findings. A new section on nutrients that are not required but that may produce beneficial results. New information on growth and reproductive performance among the most commonly used strains of rats and mice and on several hamster species. An expanded discussion of diet formulation and preparationâ€"including sample diets of both purified and natural ingredients. New information on mineral deficiency and toxicity, including warning signs. This authoritative resource will be important to researchers, laboratory technicians, and manufacturers of laboratory animal feed.