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The Effects of Zoning in Spatial Competition

The Effects of Zoning in Spatial Competition
Author: Hamid Hamoudi
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2012
Genre:
ISBN:
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This paper considers a location model to illustrate the effect of zoning on competition. A planner is in charge of designing a city in a circular space where firms and consumers are located on different sides. With this type of market configuration, equilibrium in location under concave transport costs is proved. Then, a welfare function with different weights attached to consumer and firm surpluses is introduced to highlight zoning regulation as an influential competition policy tool. Depending on the regulator's political profiles and the demand, it is shown that zoning can lead to strong, weak, or moderate competition.

Spatial Economics Volume I

Spatial Economics Volume I
Author: Stefano Colombo
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 346
Release: 2020-09-23
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 3030400980
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Space is a crucial variable in any economic activity. Spatial Economics is the branch of economics that explicitly aims to incorporate the space dimension in the analysis of economic phenomena. From its beginning in the last century, Spatial Economics has contributed to the understanding of the economy by developing plenty of theoretical models as well as econometric techniques having the “space” as a core dimension of the analysis. This edited volume addresses the complex issue of Spatial Economics from a theoretical point of view. This volume is part of a more complex project including another edited volume (Spatial Economics Volume II: Applications) collecting original papers which address Spatial Economics from an applied perspective.

Issues in Earth Sciences, Geology, and Geophysics: 2013 Edition

Issues in Earth Sciences, Geology, and Geophysics: 2013 Edition
Author:
Publisher: ScholarlyEditions
Total Pages: 1149
Release: 2013-05-01
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1490109188
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Issues in Earth Sciences, Geology, and Geophysics: 2013 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ book that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Geomagnetism and Aeronomy. The editors have built Issues in Earth Sciences, Geology, and Geophysics: 2013 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Geomagnetism and Aeronomy in this book to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Earth Sciences, Geology, and Geophysics: 2013 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Optimal Zoning in Spatial Differentiation

Optimal Zoning in Spatial Differentiation
Author: Hamid Hamoudi
Publisher:
Total Pages: 20
Release: 2017
Genre:
ISBN:
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This study analyzes optimal zoning policy in a duopolistic spatial competition framework for both circular and linear spaces. A regulator is introduced in the third stage of the price-location game through a welfare function to model zoning preferences from firms and consumers. An equilibrium outcome is then found for both spatial configurations. When the regulator is inclined to favor consumers (consumer-oriented) both firms are restricted to locate at one point to serve the whole market. Nevertheless, when the preferences of the regulator are biased towards firms (firm-oriented) the zoning area is maximized, with both firms being located at the market boundaries. The equilibrium outcome confirms location patterns found in real life situations under a non-neutral regulator.

Does Reducing Spatial Differentiation Increase Product Differentiation? Effects of Zoning on Retail Entry and Format Variety

Does Reducing Spatial Differentiation Increase Product Differentiation? Effects of Zoning on Retail Entry and Format Variety
Author: Sumon Datta
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2012
Genre:
ISBN:
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This paper investigates the impact of spatial zoning restrictions on retail market outcomes. We estimate a structural model of entry, location and format choice across a large number of markets in the presence of zoning restrictions. The paper contributes to the literature in three ways: First, the paper demonstrates that the omission of zoning restrictions in the extant literature on entry and location choice leads to biased estimates of the factors affecting market potential and competitive intensity. Second, the cross-market variations in zoning regulations helps us test and provide evidence for the theory that constraints on spatial differentiation will lead to greater product differentiation. Finally, we provide qualitative insight on how zoning impacts retail entry and format variety; in particular we evaluate the impact of prototypical zoning arrangements such as "centralized," "neighborhood," and "outskirt" zoning on entry and format variety.

Handbook on the Economics of Retailing and Distribution

Handbook on the Economics of Retailing and Distribution
Author: Emek Basker
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Total Pages: 513
Release: 2016-01-29
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1783477385
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This Handbook explores and critically examines current research in economics and marketing science on key issues in retailing and distribution. Providing a rich perspective for the discussion of public policy, contributions from several disciplines and continents range from the history of chains and the impact of multinational retailers on international trade patterns to US merger policy in the retail context, the rise of the Internet, and consumer-to-consumer sales. The chapters address methodological issues such as the structural estimation of entry games between retailers, productivity measurement when both inputs and output are not fully observable, and demand estimation with variable assortment. Policy issues explored include mergers, zoning, and the regulation of buyer power, while other chapters address some of the recent exciting developments in technology, retail formats, and data availability. The book goes on to study the changes in online retailing and ‘big data’, and to examine competition in specific retail sectors including gasoline stations, automobile dealerships, supermarkets, and ‘big box’ retail. This state-of-the-art Handbook is an essential reference for students and academics of economics and marketing science, and offers an outsider’s perspective to specialists in operations research, data analytics, geography, and sociology.

Designed by Zoning

Designed by Zoning
Author: Charles Reuben Warren
Publisher:
Total Pages: 280
Release: 2009
Genre:
ISBN:
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This research seeks to evaluate the possible causal relationship between land use or urban design regulation and subsequent built form patterns observable on the ground, using a quasiexperimental method. With increasing frequency, suburban towns and cities are investing in expensive overhauls of their General Plans and zoning ordinances based on vague promises of curbing sprawl, building a sense of place, and creating a new urbanism. However, the effectiveness of these novel codes is unknown and untested. In part I, case cities are selected based upon their notable achievement of placemaking goals: former automobile-oriented suburbs are now pedestrian-friendly and transit-oriented, with distinguished centers of dense mixed use. They are evaluated for the extent to which explicit, anticipatory land use planning and regulation played a role in creating this outcome. In part II, case cities are selected due their adoption of Smart Growth or New Urbanist regulatory regimes. They are evaluated for the extent to which land use and built form changed in the desired directions over the subsequent ten to twenty years of development as guided by the new regime. Findings from part I indicate that effective land use planning is indeed an requisite ingredient to successful urbanization and placemaking. Findings from part II, however, indicate that adoption of new regulatory regimes is not a predictor of success, making novel regulation, by itself, an unreliable indication that placemaking will be achieved. Finally, the research suggests a future hypothesis that it is the coupling of revised land use regulation with a continued culture of enforcement through the funding and support of planning departments and commissions that clearly predicts success in transforming suburban sprawl into urban places.

Spatial Competition

Spatial Competition
Author: Bruce L. Benson
Publisher:
Total Pages: 48
Release: 1979
Genre: Competition
ISBN:
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Private Enforcement of European Competition and State Aid Law

Private Enforcement of European Competition and State Aid Law
Author: Ferdinand Wollenschläger
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
Total Pages: 421
Release: 2020-01-09
Genre: Law
ISBN: 940350210X
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Private Enforcement of European Competition and State Aid Law Current Challenges and the Way Forward Edited by: Ferdinand Wollenschläger, Wolfgang Wurmnest & Thomas M.J. Möllers The overlapping European Union (EU) regimes of competition law and State aid law both provide mechanisms allowing private plaintiffs to claim compensation for losses or damages. It is thus of significant practical value to provide, as this book does, analysis and guidance on achieving enforcement of such claims, written by renowned authorities in the two fields. The book examines the two areas of law both from an EU perspective and from the perspectives of private enforcement in France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain and the United Kingdom. In country reports for these major jurisdictions, as well as in more general and comparative chapters, the authors focus on such issues as the following: impediments to private enforcement; which entity is liable for damages; binding effect of decisions of competition authorities; limitation of actions; collective actions and pooling of claims; enforcement of the standstill obligation (Article 108(3) TFEU); remedies and information deficits; cooperation and coordination between national courts and the European Commission; transposition of the so-called Damages Directive (Directive 2014/104/EU) by the EU Member States; extent to which the strengthening of private enforcement of competition law has a spillover effect on State aid law; and prospects for harmonisation of State aid law. A concluding section identifies enforcement deficits and proposes ways to improve the existing legal framework. As an in-depth assessment of key obstacles and best practices in private enforcement actions, this highly informative and practical volume facilitates choice of the best forum for competition and State aid law cases. Academics and practitioners engaged with this important area of European law will appreciate the authors’ awareness of the economic need and legal particularities which could generate an effective European system of private enforcement of legitimate claims under EU competition and State aid law.