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Terms of Trade and Exchange Rate Regimes in Developing Countries

Terms of Trade and Exchange Rate Regimes in Developing Countries
Author: Christian M. Broda
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2006
Genre:
ISBN:

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Since Friedman (1953), an advantage often attributed to flexible exchange rate regimes over fixed regimes is their ability to insulate more effectively the economy against real shocks. I use a post-Bretton Woods sample (1973-96) of seventy-five developing countries to assess whether the responses of real GDP, real exchange rates, and prices to terms-of-trade shocks differ systematically across exchange rate regimes. I find that responses are significantly different across regimes in a way that supports Friedman's hypothesis. In response to a negative terms-of-trade shock, countries with fixed regimes experience large and significant declines in real GDP, and the real exchange rate depreciates slowly and by means of a fall in prices. Countries with more flexible regimes, by contrast, tend to have small real GDP losses and immediate large real depreciations. The contributions of terms-of-trade disturbances to the actual fluctuation of real GDP, real exchange rates, and prices are also examined.


Evolution and Performance of Exchange Rate Regimes

Evolution and Performance of Exchange Rate Regimes
Author: Mr.Kenneth Rogoff
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 85
Release: 2003-12-01
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1451875843

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Using recent advances in the classification of exchange rate regimes, this paper finds no support for the popular bipolar view that countries will tend over time to move to the polar extremes of free float or rigid peg. Rather, intermediate regimes have shown remarkable durability. The analysis suggests that as economies mature, the value of exchange rate flexibility rises. For countries at a relatively early stage of financial development and integration, fixed or relatively rigid regimes appear to offer some anti-inflation credibility gain without compromising growth objectives. As countries develop economically and institutionally, there appear to be considerable benefits to more flexible regimes. For developed countries that are not in a currency union, relatively flexible exchange rate regimes appear to offer higher growth without any cost in credibility.


Exchange Rate Policy in Developing Countries: Some Analytical Issues

Exchange Rate Policy in Developing Countries: Some Analytical Issues
Author: Bijan B. Aghevli
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Total Pages: 50
Release: 1991-05-15
Genre: Foreign exchange administration
ISBN:

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This paper addresses analytical aspects of exchange rate policy and emphasizes the relationship among exchange rate flexibility, financial discipline, and international competitiveness.


Choosing Exchange Regimes in the Middle East and North Africa

Choosing Exchange Regimes in the Middle East and North Africa
Author: International Monetary Fund
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 32
Release: 2003-09-05
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9781589062306

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This paper reviews the exchange regimes of five emerging market countries in the Middle East and North Africa region-Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, and Tunisia-and one oil-exporting country-Iran-to see whether they need to consider adopting more flexible arrangements as they further open their economies to trade and capital flows.


Exchange Rate Regimes of ASEAN Countries

Exchange Rate Regimes of ASEAN Countries
Author: Aleth Yenko
Publisher: Institute of Southeast Asian
Total Pages: 46
Release: 1982
Genre: Foreign exchange
ISBN: 9971902346

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A theoretical framework, based on existing literature, which could serve as a guide for developing countries in choosing an appropriate exchange rate regime in the present system of generalized floating. The exchange rate regimes of the ASEAN countries are then evaluated in terms of the framework.


Trade, the Balance of Payments and Exchange Rate Policy in Developing Countries

Trade, the Balance of Payments and Exchange Rate Policy in Developing Countries
Author: A. P. Thirlwall
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Total Pages: 200
Release: 2003
Genre: Balance of payments
ISBN:

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This book is a synthesis of the author's ideas and research concerning the monetary consequences of trade flows, and the relevance of conventional balance of payments adjustment theory. These ideas are considered mainly in the context of developing countries, many of which suffer from deep structural difficulties and severe foreign exchange shortages. Mainstream economic theory regards the balance of payments to be self-adjusting, meaning that the impact of the balance of payments on the growth and development process is neither considered nor analysed. In contrast, the author emphasises the importance of integrating monetary considerations into trade theory and argues that the balance of payments consequences of trade policy need to be carefully addressed. This approach has a number of implications for important issues such as the sequencing of trade liberalisation; the role of the exchange rate in equilibrating the balance of payments; the case for protection; and the way in which the importance of export growth is articulated. Some of the ideas expressed have a long and distinguished ancestry, but they are not part of the mainstream orthodoxy and need airing in a world increasingly divided into rich and poor countries. The author also considers the case for a new international economic order which would better serve the needs of developing countries, particularly by stabilising primary product prices and controlling speculative capital flows. Trade and development economists, and policymakers concerned with economic growth and development, will appreciate the original and illuminating research in this book.


Approaches to Exchange Rate Policy

Approaches to Exchange Rate Policy
Author: Mr.Richard C. Bart
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 316
Release: 1994-06-01
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9781557753649

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External sector policies and exchange rate policy are central to a country's economic performance and to the IMF's surveillance functions. The papers in this book, edited by Richard Barth and Chorng-Huey Wong, were presented at a seminar on Exchange Rate Policy in Developing and Transition Economies held by the IMF Institute. They analyze choices of exchange rate regimes, issues affecting management of exchange regimes, and specific types of regimes, including case studies from the former Soviet Union, Africa, Asia, and Latin America.


Parallel Exchange Rates in Developing Countries

Parallel Exchange Rates in Developing Countries
Author: Miguel A. Kiguel
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 411
Release: 2016-07-27
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1349255203

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'...the most definitive study of the subject, assembling an all-star cast to address the many outstanding questions and succeeding beyond expectations in combining elegant theory and state of the art econometrics to reach very sensible policy conclusions.' - Mohsin S. Khan, Deputy Director, Research Department, International Monetary Fund ' This book fills an important vacuum in the literature of the economic consequences of parallel markets and should prove of great value to students of economic development and to policy-makers in developing countries as they struggle to reform their exchange rate and trade incentive systems. Here they will find all that they need to know.' - Vittorio Corbo, Professor of Economics, Universidad Catolica de Chile 'A most comprehensive treatment of the relationships between parallel foreign exchange markets and macroeconomic policies, both across countries and over time. The book substantially enhances our understanding of how these systems work in practice and will be of great interest to policy-makers, researchers and graduate students of economic policy.' - Samuel M. Wangwe, Professor of Economics, University of Dar es Salaam and Executive Director, Economic and Social Research Foundation, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania This book examines extensive empirical evidence on the macroeconomic implications of parallel exchange rates in developing countries. Eight case-studies from Africa, Latin America, and Turkey provide detailed evidence on the emergence of parallel exchange rates, their impact on macroeconomic performance, and the criteria for successful exchange-rate unification. A chapter on European dual exchange rates summarizes the contrasting experience of industrial countries. An overview chapter lays out the analytical framework, assesses the evidence, and draws policy conclusions.


Exchange Rate Misalignment in Developing Countries

Exchange Rate Misalignment in Developing Countries
Author: Sebastian Edwards
Publisher: Johns Hopkins University Press
Total Pages: 110
Release: 1988
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN:

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This article analyzes the theory of equilibrium real exchange rates and defines misalignment as a deviation of the real exchange rate (RER) from its equilibrium level. The role of macroeconomic policies is then analyzed under three alternative nominal exchange rate regimes: predetermined nominal exchange rates; floating nominal rates; and dual or black market nominal exchange rates. This discussion points out how inconsistent macroeconomic policies often lead to real exchange rate misalignment. Corrective measures, including nominal devaluation and several alternative approaches, are then evaluated.