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Spatial Equilibrium in Deviations

Spatial Equilibrium in Deviations
Author: Antonio Accetturo
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2020
Genre:
ISBN:

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In this paper, we propose a novel--and general-purpose--modeling approach. We give a linear representation of the spatial general equilibrium, expressed in terms of local percentage deviations from the benchmark case of symmetry, where all the areas in the economy are taken to be initially identical. To illustrate the flexibility of our approach, we revisit the literature on the spatial heterogeneity of local skill premia and local skill mix. We show that our approach is able to encompass a variety of alternative explanations in a simple “unifying framework.” Finally, we exploit a graphical version of the model to show how to implement empirical tests.


Cities, Agglomeration, and Spatial Equilibrium

Cities, Agglomeration, and Spatial Equilibrium
Author: Edward Ludwig Glaeser
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 284
Release: 2008
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 019929044X

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220 million Americans crowd together in the 3% of the country that is urban. 35 million people live in the vast metropolis of Tokyo, the most productive urban area in the world. The central city of Mumbai alone has 12 million people, and Shanghai almost as many. We choose to live cheek by jowl, in a planet with vast amounts of space. Yet despite all of the land available to us, we choose to live in proximity to cities. Using economics to understand this phenomenon, the urban economist uses the tools of economic theory and empirical data to explain why cities exist and to analyze urban issues such as housing, education, crime, poverty and social interaction. Drawing on the success of his Lindahl lectures, Edward Glaeser provides a rigorous account of his research and unique thinking on cities. Using a series of simple models and economic theory, Glaeser illustrates the primary features of urban economics including the concepts of spatial equilibrium and agglomeration economies. Written for a mathematically inclined audience with an interest in urban economics and cities, the book is written to be accessible to theorists and non-theorists alike and should provide a basis for further empirical work.


Equilibrium Analysis and Its Application to Attitude Control Systems

Equilibrium Analysis and Its Application to Attitude Control Systems
Author: William N. Redisch
Publisher:
Total Pages: 132
Release: 1967
Genre: Space vehicles
ISBN:

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No theoretical technique exists yet that enables the engineer to completely determine the stability of practical complex spacecraft attitude control systems. In this dissertation, a stability approach is developed that utilizes a computer simulation in conjunction with theoretical techniques to locate the potentially troublesome regions of state space and explore their acceptability. It is shown in Part I that for general physical systems, x = f(x), all limit cycles are associated with equilibrium points that lie "inside" the limit cycles. Thus, if no equilibrium point exists in a region, then no limit cycle is contained in that region. Special properties of limit cycles and equilibrium points are discussed and illustrated. In Part II, equilibrium points are found analytically for spacecraft attitude control systems. A method is devised to determine stability near these equilibrium points. Then, instead of utilizing a uniform or random n-dimensional grid of computer initial conditions, a grid is concentrated around a few calculated points. Several practical examples of actual systems are presented. When control systems are viewed in this light, a high degree of confidence is gained from far fewer computer runs than previously needed.