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Single-Spin Asymmetries in Semi-inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering and Drell-Yan Processes

Single-Spin Asymmetries in Semi-inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering and Drell-Yan Processes
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Total Pages: 40
Release: 2013
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We examine in detail the diagrammatic mechanisms which provide the change of sign between the single transverse spin asymmetries measured in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS) and in the Drell-Yan process (DY). This asymmetry is known to arise due to the transverse spin dependence of the target proton combined with a T-odd complex phase. Using the discrete symmetry properties of transverse spinors, we show that the required complex phase originates in the denominators of rescattering diagrams and their respective cuts. For simplicity, we work in a model where the proton consists of a valence quark and a scalar diquark. We then show that the phases generated in SIDIS and in DY originate from distinctly different cuts in the amplitudes, which at first appears to obscure the relationship between the single-spin asymmetries in the two processes. Nevertheless, further analysis demonstrates that the contributions of these cuts are identical in the leading-twist Bjorken kinematics considered, resulting in the standard sign-flip relation between the Sivers functions in SIDIS and DY. Physically, this fundamental, but yet untested, prediction occurs because the Sivers effect in the Drell-Yan reaction is modified by the initial-state "lensing" interactions of the annihilating antiquark, in contrast to the final-state lensing which produces the Sivers effect in deep inelastic scattering.


PROCEEDINGS OF RIKEN BNL RESEARCH CENTER WORKSHOP ENTITLED ''SINGLE SPIN ASYMMETRIES'' (VOLUME 75).

PROCEEDINGS OF RIKEN BNL RESEARCH CENTER WORKSHOP ENTITLED ''SINGLE SPIN ASYMMETRIES'' (VOLUME 75).
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Release: 2005
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Single-transverse spin asymmetries (SSA) in strong interactions have a long history, starting from the 1970s and 1980s when surprisingly large single-transverse spin asymmetries were observed in p+p [yields] [pi]X and pp [yields] [Lambda] + X, where really none were expected. They have again attracted much interest in recent years from both experimental and theoretical sides. In particular, first measurements by the STAR, PHENIX, and BRAHMS collaborations at RHIC have now become available which again reveal large single transverse spin asymmetries for hadron production in polarized proton proton scattering. This extends the SSA observations from the fixed target energy range to the collider regime. Meanwhile, experimental studies in Deep Inelastic Scattering by the HERMES collaboration at DESY, SMC at CERN, and CLAS at JLab also show a remarkably large SSA in semi-inclusive hadron production, [gamma]*p [yields] [pi]X, when the proton is transversely polarized. On the theoretical side, there are several approaches to understanding SSA within Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). For example, to explain the large SSAs for hadron production in hadron collisions, a mechanism that takes into account the contribution from quark-gluon-quark correlations (twist-3) in the nucleon was proposed. On the other hand, possible origins of SSA in DIS and hadronic scattering were also found in leading-twist transverse momentum dependent parton distributions. Current theoretical efforts aim at a better conceptual understanding of these two types of mechanisms, and of their connections. We were very happy at this timely date to bring together the theorists and experimentalists of this field to review and discuss the current theoretical status and the latest experimental results. The whole workshop contained 25 formal talks, both experiment (15) and theory (10), and a few informal talks and many fruitful discussions. The topics covered all the relevant SSA observables, including in Deep Inelastic Scattering, the Drell-Yan process, and in inclusive hadron production and dijet correlations at hadron colliders. There were not only discussions on possible interpretations of the existing SSA data, but also on the future observables for the ongoing experiments as well as for planned experiments (such as RHIC II and eRHIC). On the theory side, the talks ranged from overviews and descriptions of the fundamental aspects of SSAs, to presentations of detailed phenomenological studies. All of the talks attracted much interest and initiated active discussions. Directions for future measurements were pointed out, in particular for studies at RHIC. Also, significant theoretical advances were made that may tie together some of the currently proposed mechanisms for single-spin asymmetries. This was a very successful workshop. It stimulated many discussions and new collaborations.


Transverse Spin Physics

Transverse Spin Physics
Author: Dr. Vincenzo Barone
Publisher: World Scientific
Total Pages: 308
Release: 2003
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9812795510

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This study deals with the theory and phenomenology of transverse spin effects in high-energy hadronic physics. Contrary to common past belief, it is now rather clear that these effects are far from irrelevant. A decade or so of intense theoretical work has shed much light on the subject and brought to the surface an entire class of new phenomena, which now await thorough experimental investigation. Over the next few years a number of experiments worldwide (at DESY, CERN and Brookhaven) will run with transversely polarised particles, providing data that will enrich our knowledge of the transverse spin structure of hadrons. The principle aim of this work is to assess the state of the art as it stands in 2002. After a few introductory remarks (Chapter 1), in the first part (Chapters 2-4) attention is directed to polarised deep inelastic scattering (DIS), particularly DIS on transversely polarised targets, which probes the transverse spin structure function g2. This structure function is examined within the framework of the quark-parton model and its improvement via perturbative QCD. The existing data are reviewed and commented on (for completeness and comparison, a brief presentation of longitudinally polarised DIS and of the helicity structure of the proton is provided). The second part of the book (Chapters 5-8) focuses on the transverse polarisation of quarks, the so-called "transversity". The partonic content and the QCD evolution of the transversity distributions are presented in detail. The phenomenology of transversity is then studied in the context of Drell-Yan processes and of semi-inclusive lepto- and hadroproduction. The interpretation of data on single-spin asymmetries is discussed and, finally, the prospects for future measurements are reviewed.


Foundations of Perturbative QCD

Foundations of Perturbative QCD
Author: John Collins
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 637
Release: 2011-04-28
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1139500627

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Giving an accurate account of the concepts, theorems and their justification, this book is a systematic treatment of perturbative QCD. It relates the concepts to experimental data, giving strong motivations for the methods. Ideal for graduate students starting their work in high-energy physics, it will also interest experienced researchers.


Novel Spin Effects in QCD.

Novel Spin Effects in QCD.
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Total Pages:
Release: 2004
Genre:
ISBN:

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Measurements from HERMES, SMC, and Jlab show a significant single-spin asymmetry in semi-inclusive pion leptoproduction [gamma]*(q)p [yields] [pi]X when the proton is polarized normal to the photon-to-pion production plane. Hwang, Schmidt, and I [1] have shown that final-state interactions from gluon exchange between the outgoing quark and the target spectator system lead to such single-spin asymmetries at leading twist in perturbative QCD; i.e., the rescattering corrections are not power-law suppressed at large photon virtuality Q[sup 2] at fixed x[sub bj]. The existence of such single-spin asymmetries (the Sivers effect) requires a phase difference between two amplitudes coupling the proton target with J[sub p][sup z] = [+-] 1/2 to the same final-state, the same amplitudes which are necessary to produce a nonzero proton anomalous magnetic moment. The single-spin asymmetry which arises from such final-state interactions is in addition to the Collins effect which measures the transversity distribution [delta]q(x, Q). The Sivers effect also leads to a leading-twist target single-spin asymmetry for jet production in electroproduction where the thrust axis is used to define the production plane. More generally, Hoyer, Marchal, Peigne, Sannino, and I [2] have shown that one cannot neglect the interactions which occur between the times of the currents in the current correlator even in light-cone gauge. For example, the final-state interactions lead to the Bjorken-scaling diffractive component [gamma]*p [yields] pX of deep inelastic scattering. Since the gluons exchanged in the final state carry negligible k[sup +], the Pomeron structure function closely resembles that of the primary gluon. The diffractive scattering of the fast outgoing quarks on spectators in the target in turn causes shadowing in the DIS cross section. These effects highlight the unexpected importance of final- and initial-state interactions in QCD observables, they lead to leading-twist single-spin asymmetries, diffraction, and nuclear shadowing, phenomena not included in the light-front wavefunctions of the target computed in isolation. Alternatively, as discussed by Belitsky, Ji, and Yuan [3], one can augment the light-front wavefunctions by including the phases induced by initial and final state interactions. Such wave-functions correspond to solving the light-front bound state equation in an external field. Similar initial and final state interactions also lead to Sivers-type single-spin asymmetries in Drell-Yan processes and inclusive hadron reactions such as pp [up-arrow][yields] [pi]X, and heavy quark production, processes which will be important to study in polarized proton experiments at RHIC.


Measurement of Single Spin Asymmetries in Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering Reaction N{u2191}(e, E'?+) X at Jefferson Lab

Measurement of Single Spin Asymmetries in Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering Reaction N{u2191}(e, E'?+) X at Jefferson Lab
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Total Pages: 171
Release: 2010
Genre:
ISBN:

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What constitutes the spin of the nucleon? The answer to this question is still not completely understood. Although we know the longitudinal quark spin content very well, the data on the transverse quark spin content of the nucleon is still very sparse. Semi-inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering (SIDIS) using transversely polarized targets provide crucial information on this aspect. The data that is currently available was taken with proton and deuteron targets. The E06-010 experiment was performed at Jefferson Lab in Hall-A to measure the single spin asymmetries in the SIDIS reaction n↑(e, e'?±/K±)X using transversely polarized 3He target. The experiment used the continuous electron beam provided by the CEBAF accelerator with a beam energy of 5.9 GeV. Hadrons were detected in a high-resolution spectrometer in coincidence with the scattered electrons detected by the BigBite spectrometer. The kinematic coverage focuses on the valence quark region, x = 0.19 to 0.34, at Q2 = 1.77 to 2.73 (GeV/c)2. This is the first measurement on a neutron target. The data from this experiment, when combined with the world data on the proton and the deuteron, will provide constraints on the transversity and Sivers distribution functions on both the u and d-quarks in the valence region. In this work we report on the single spin asymmetries in the SIDIS n↑(e, e'?+)X reaction.


Measurement of Single Spin Asymmetries in Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering Reaction N1!(e, E' Pi{sup +}) X at Jefferson Lab

Measurement of Single Spin Asymmetries in Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering Reaction N1!(e, E' Pi{sup +}) X at Jefferson Lab
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Total Pages:
Release: 2010
Genre:
ISBN:

Download Measurement of Single Spin Asymmetries in Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering Reaction N1!(e, E' Pi{sup +}) X at Jefferson Lab Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle

What constitutes the spin of the nucleon? The answer to this question is still not completely understood. Although we know the longitudinal quark spin content very well, the data on the transverse quark spin content of the nucleon is still very sparse. Semi-inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering (SIDIS) using transversely polarized targets provide crucial information on this aspect. The data that is currently available was taken with proton and deuteron targets. The E06-010 experiment was performed at Jefferson Lab in Hall-A to measure the single spin asymmetries in the SIDIS reaction n1!e, e'[pi]{sup ±}/K{sup ±})X using transversely polarized 3He target. The experiment used the continuous electron beam provided by the CEBAF accelerator with a beam energy of 5.9 GeV. Hadrons were detected in a high-resolution spectrometer in coincidence with the scattered electrons detected by the BigBite spectrometer. The kinematic coverage focuses on the valence quark region, x = 0.19 to 0.34, at Q2 = 1.77 to 2.73 (GeV/c)2. This is the first measurement on a neutron target. The data from this experiment, when combined with the world data on the proton and the deuteron, will provide constraints on the transversity and Sivers distribution functions on both the u and d-quarks in the valence region. In this work we report on the single spin asymmetries in the SIDIS n1!e, e'[pi])X reaction.


UNIQUE DESCRIPTION FOR SINGLE TRANSVERSE SPIN ASYMMETRIES IN DIS AND HADRONIC COLLISIONS.

UNIQUE DESCRIPTION FOR SINGLE TRANSVERSE SPIN ASYMMETRIES IN DIS AND HADRONIC COLLISIONS.
Author: F. YUAN
Publisher:
Total Pages: 4
Release: 2006
Genre:
ISBN:

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We derive a unique formula for the single-transverse-spin asymmetry in semi-inclusive hadron production in deep inelastic scattering, valid for all transverse momentum region. Based on this, we further study the integrated asymmetry weighted with transverse-momentum. They can be evaluated in terms of the twist-three quark-gluon correlation functions, which are responsible for the single spin asymmetry in single inclusive hadron production in hadronic collisions. By using the fitted twist-three functions from the hadronic collision data, we find a consistent description for SSAs in deep inelastic scattering. This demonstrates that we have a unique picture for SSAs in these two processes, and shall provide important guidelines for future studies.