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Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion 2014

Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion 2014
Author: National Oceanic And Atmospheric Adminis
Publisher: Government Printing Office
Total Pages: 420
Release: 2017-09-08
Genre:
ISBN: 9780160941832
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This document is part of the information upon which the Parties to the United Nations Montreal Protocol will base their future decisions regarding ozone-depleting substances, their alternatives, and protection of the ozone layer. It is the latest in a long series of scientific assessments that have informed the Parties and contains the policy-relevant major findings of the Assessment's five scientific chapters. Actions taken under the Montreal Protocol have led to decreases in the atmospheric abundance of controlled ozone-depleting substances (ODSs), and are enabling the return of the ozone layer toward 1980 levels. This comprehensive volume includes many tables, figures, and charts throughout; and the appendices include acronyms and abbreviations, listings of authors, contributors, and reviewers from around the world, and chemical formulas. Related products: NASA and the Environment: The Case of Ozone Depletion is available here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/nasa-and-environment-case-ozone-depletion Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, Protection of Environment, Pt. 96-99, Revised as of July 1, 2016 can be found here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/code-federal-regulations-title-40-protection-environment-pt-96-99-revised-july-1-2016 Our Changing Atmosphere: Discoveries from EOS Aura (Booklet) -reduced list price while supplies last available here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/our-changing-atmosphere-discoveries-eos-aura-booklet

Protecting the Ozone Layer

Protecting the Ozone Layer
Author: Stephen O. Andersen
Publisher: Earthscan
Total Pages: 548
Release: 2012
Genre: Law
ISBN: 1849772266
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In the 1970s the world became aware of a huge danger: the destruction of the stratospheric ozone layer by CFCs escaping into the atmosphere, and the damage this could do to human health and the food chain. So great was the threat that by 1987 the UN had succeeded in coordinating an international treaty to phase out emissions; which, over the following 15 years has been implemented. It has been hailed as an outstanding success. It needed the participation of all the parties: governments, industry, scientists, campaigners, NGOs and the media, and is a model for future treaties. This volume provides the authoritative and comprehensive history of the whole process from the earliest warning signs to the present. It is an invaluable record for all those involved and a necessary reference for future negotiations to a wide range of scholars, students and professionals.

Review of the U.S. Climate Change Science Program's Draft Synthesis and Assessment Product 2.4

Review of the U.S. Climate Change Science Program's Draft Synthesis and Assessment Product 2.4
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 74
Release: 2007-11-30
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0309179661
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The U.S. Climate Change Science Program is in the process of producing 21 draft assessments that investigate changes in the Earth's climate and related systems. These assessments are designed to inform decisionmakers about the scientific underpinnings of a range of environmental issues, such as stratospheric ozone. This National Research Council report reviews one of these assessments, Synthesis and Assessment Product (SAP) 2.4, Trends in Emissions of Ozone Depletion Substances, Ozone Layer Recovery, and Implications for Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure. This assessment is noted as being the first-ever attempt to look at the United States contribution to ozone-depleting substances and ozone recovery. This National Research Council book commends the assessment's authoring team for comprehensively covering the scientific basis of ozone and ozone-depleting substances, but recommends several ways that the assessment could be improved. Suggestions include clarifying the discussion on climate effects of ozone and revising the approach to estimating U.S. contributions to production, consumption, and emission of ozone-depleting substances. The assessment could also be improved by reorganizing and editing to accommodate intended audiences.

Twenty Years of Ozone Decline

Twenty Years of Ozone Decline
Author: Christos Zerefos
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 460
Release: 2009-05-24
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9048124697
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Homer speaks of lightning bolts after which ‘a grim reek of sulphur bursts forth’ and the air was ‘?lled with reeking brimstone’. (Homer 3000 BC). The odour was not actually the smell of sulphur dioxide associated with burning sulphur, but rather was the ?rst recorded detection of the presence of another strong odour, that of ozone (O ) in Earth’s atmosphere. These molecules were formed by the passage of 3 lightning through the air, created by splitting the abundant molecular oxygen (O ) 2 molecules into two, followed by the addition of each of the free O atoms to another O to form the triatomic product. In fact, most of the ozone molecules present 2 in the atmosphere at any time have been made by this same two-step splitti- plus-combination process, although the initiating cause usually begins with very energetic solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation rather than lightning. Many thousands of years later, the modern history of ozone began with its synthesis in the laboratory of H. F. Schonbein in 1840 (Nolte 1999), although the positive con?rmation of its three-oxygen atom chemical formula came along sometime later. Scienti?c interest in high-altitude stratospheric ozone dates back to 1881 when Hartley measured the spectrum of ozone in the laboratory and found that its ability to absorb UV light extended only to 293nm at the long wavelength end (Hartley 1881a).