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| Author | : David G. Allen |
| Publisher | : Royal Society of Chemistry |
| Total Pages | : 386 |
| Release | : 2013 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 1849736529 |
This thought-provoking book describes the ever-expanding "toolbox" of methods now available to reduce, refine, or replace animal usage in toxicity testing.
| Author | : Kathrin Herrmann |
| Publisher | : BRILL |
| Total Pages | : 749 |
| Release | : 2019-04-30 |
| Genre | : Philosophy |
| ISBN | : 9004391193 |
Animal experimentation has been one of the most controversial areas of animal use, mainly due to the intentional harms inflicted upon animals for the sake of hoped-for benefits in humans. Despite this rationale for continued animal experimentation, shortcomings of this practice have become increasingly more apparent and well-documented. However, these limitations are not yet widely known or appreciated, and there is a danger that they may simply be ignored. The 51 experts who have contributed to Animal Experimentation: Working Towards a Paradigm Change critically review current animal use in science, present new and innovative non-animal approaches to address urgent scientific questions, and offer a roadmap towards an animal-free world of science.
| Author | : William Moy Stratton Russell |
| Publisher | : Hyperion Books |
| Total Pages | : 256 |
| Release | : 1992 |
| Genre | : Nature |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. Office of Technology Assessment |
| Publisher | : DIANE Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 438 |
| Release | : 1986 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 1428922962 |
With an estimated 17-22 million animals used in laboratories annually in the United States, public interest in animal welfare has sparked an often emotional debate over such uses of animals. Concerns focus on balancing societal needs for continued progress in biomedical and behavioral research, for toxicity testing to safeguard the public, and for education in the life sciences with desires to replace, reduce, and refine the use of laboratory animals. In 1985, the United States Congress enacted three laws that dealt with laboratory animals, including amendments to the Animal Welfare Act. This assessment analyzes the scientific, regulatory, economic, legal, and ethical considerations involved in alternative technologies in biomedical and behavioral research, toxicity testing, and education. Included is a detailed examination of federal, state, and institutional regulation of animal use, and a review of recent developments in 10 other countries. The report illustrates a range of options for congressional action in seven areas of public policy regarding animals: using existing alternatives; developing new alternatives; disseminating research and testing information; restricting animal use; counting the numbers and kinds of animals used; establishing a uniform policy for animal use within federal agencies; and amending the Animal Welfare Act. (JN)
| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 113 |
| Release | : 1988-02-01 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0309038391 |
Scientific experiments using animals have contributed significantly to the improvement of human health. Animal experiments were crucial to the conquest of polio, for example, and they will undoubtedly be one of the keystones in AIDS research. However, some persons believe that the cost to the animals is often high. Authored by a committee of experts from various fields, this book discusses the benefits that have resulted from animal research, the scope of animal research today, the concerns of advocates of animal welfare, and the prospects for finding alternatives to animal use. The authors conclude with specific recommendations for more consistent government action.
| Author | : Committee on the Use of Animals in Research (U.S.) |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 48 |
| Release | : 1991 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : |
The necessity for animal use in biomedical research is a hotly debated topic in classrooms throughout the country. Frequently teachers and students do not have access to balanced,  factual material to foster an informed discussion on the topic. This colorful, 50-page booklet is designed to educate teenagers about the role of animal research in combating disease, past and present; the perspective of animal use within the whole spectrum of biomedical research; the regulations and oversight that govern animal research; and the continuing efforts to use animals more efficiently and humanely.
| Author | : Christoph A. Reinhardt |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 200 |
| Release | : 2008-11-20 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3527616047 |
Opinion leaders in science and politics examine findings and legislation in alternatives to animal testing! Refine, reduce, replace - These are the three demands that scientists have placed upon themselves in their search for alternatives to animal testing. Indeed much interdisciplinary research is being carried on today, and new fields have emerged, such as in-vitro toxicology. The three R's call for new scientific insights. Moreover, validation and acceptance strategies have to be adapted, a process of much ongoing interest and vital concern to the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Researchers need to know exactly what has been achieved and accepted in alternatives to animal testing in science and politics. In this book they have the opportunity to benefit from the knowledge and expertise of leading researchers and influential representatives of national and international regulatory authorities.
| Author | : Harry Salem |
| Publisher | : Marcel Dekker |
| Total Pages | : 384 |
| Release | : 1995 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : |
Over 75 contributors from industry, academia, and government evaluate the latest developments and possible directions in alternatives to using animals in research and testing, and explain the regulatory climate that surrounds the controversial topic. Among the alternatives described are computer and chemical models, cell and tissue cultures, and the substitution of animals lower on the phylogenetic genetic tree that are neither cute nor fuzzy. The research considered involves such systems as the ocular, hepatic, renal, respiratory, cardiovascular, and environmental. Annotation c. by Book News, Inc., Portland, Or.
| Author | : Hajime Kojima |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 130 |
| Release | : 2018-12-27 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 9811324476 |
This open access book presents recent advances in the pure sciences that are of significance in the quest for alternatives to the use of animals in research and describes a variety of practical applications of the three key guiding principles for the more ethical use of animals in experiments – replacement, reduction, and refinement, collectively known as the 3Rs. Important examples from across the world of implementation of the 3Rs in the testing of cosmetics, chemicals, pesticides, and biologics, including vaccines, are described, with additional information on relevant regulations. The coverage also encompasses emerging approaches to alternative tests and the 3Rs. The book is based on the most informative contributions delivered at the Asian Congress 2016 on Alternatives and Animal Use in the Life Sciences. It will be of value for those working in R&D, for graduate students, and for educators in various fields, including the pharmaceutical and cosmetic sciences, pharmacology, toxicology, and animal welfare. The free, open access distribution of Alternatives to Animal Testing is enabled by the Creative Commons Attribution license in International version 4: CC BY 4.0.
| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 217 |
| Release | : 2007-10-05 |
| Genre | : Nature |
| ISBN | : 0309109922 |
Advances in molecular biology and toxicology are paving the way for major improvements in the evaluation of the hazards posed by the large number of chemicals found at low levels in the environment. The National Research Council was asked by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to review the state of the science and create a far-reaching vision for the future of toxicity testing. The book finds that developing, improving, and validating new laboratory tools based on recent scientific advances could significantly improve our ability to understand the hazards and risks posed by chemicals. This new knowledge would lead to much more informed environmental regulations and dramatically reduce the need for animal testing because the new tests would be based on human cells and cell components. Substantial scientific efforts and resources will be required to leverage these new technologies to realize the vision, but the result will be a more efficient, informative and less costly system for assessing the hazards posed by industrial chemicals and pesticides.
