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Quantifying the Influence of Transit on Land Use Patterns in Los Angeles County

Quantifying the Influence of Transit on Land Use Patterns in Los Angeles County
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 45
Release: 2011
Genre: Bus rapid transit
ISBN:

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Metro conducted this study in accordance with APTA’s “Recommended Practice for Quantifying Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Transit” (‘the APTA Protocol’).1 The APTA Protocol encourages transit agencies to take credit for their land use impacts in calculating their impacts on GHG emissions. It proposes that agencies use a default national ‘land use multiplier’ of 1.9, applied to an estimate of vehicle miles traveled (VMT) reduced directly through mode shift, to estimate the indirect impact that transit systems have on VMT via land use patterns. The APTA Protocol also recommends that transit agencies determine their own land use multipliers through studies such as this one. At present, the transit industry is actively working to refine the concepts and techniques used to estimate the impacts that transit systems have on land use patterns, including the concept of the land use multiplier. This study tests two approaches for quantifying the relationship between Metro’s transit service and land use patterns in Los Angeles County. We use a regression analysis to track changes in population and employment densities in Los Angeles County over time. This time series approach attempts to tease out any systemic relationship between Metro's major transit nodes and patterns of growth over the last 20 years. Recognizing that various factors may affect development patterns in the County, the time series analysis asks whether areas around rail stations and major bus transfer points on average experience denser development than other places.


Transit-Oriented Displacement or Community Dividends?

Transit-Oriented Displacement or Community Dividends?
Author: Karen Chapple
Publisher: MIT Press
Total Pages: 369
Release: 2019-04-09
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 0262039842

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An examination of the neighborhood transformation, gentrification, and displacement that accompany more compact development around transit. Cities and regions throughout the world are encouraging smarter growth patterns and expanding their transit systems to accommodate this growth, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and satisfy new demands for mobility and accessibility. Yet despite a burgeoning literature and various policy interventions in recent decades, we still understand little about what happens to neighborhoods and residents with the development of transit systems and the trend toward more compact cities. Research has failed to determine why some neighborhoods change both physically and socially while others do not, and how race and class shape change in the twenty-first-century context of growing inequality. Drawing on novel methodological approaches, this book sheds new light on the question of who benefits and who loses from more compact development around new transit stations. Building on data at multiple levels, it connects quantitative analysis on regional patterns with qualitative research through interviews, field observations, and photographic documentation in twelve different California neighborhoods. From the local to the regional to the global, Chapple and Loukaitou-Sideris examine the phenomena of neighborhood transformation, gentrification, and displacement not only through an empirical lens but also from theoretical and historical perspectives. Growing out of an in-depth research process that involved close collaboration with dozens of community groups, the book aims to respond to the needs of both advocates and policymakers for ideas that work in the trenches.


Measuring Benefits of Transit Oriented Development

Measuring Benefits of Transit Oriented Development
Author: New Jersey. Department of Transportation. Bureau of Research
Publisher:
Total Pages: 280
Release: 2014
Genre: Transit-oriented development
ISBN:

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From Rhetoric to Reality

From Rhetoric to Reality
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2014
Genre:
ISBN:

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The City of Los Angeles, known for its car dependency, has been making strides to revive public transportation in the city. In addition to transit system expansion and improvement, transit-oriented development (TOD) policy has been enacted throughout the city and county in comprehensive plans, community plans, special zoning ordinances, and the Metro Joint Development Program. TOD in this research is defined as high-density mixed-use development in close proximity to one or more forms of public transportation. The social, economic, and environmental benefits of TOD justify its use as an alternative to traditional auto-oriented development. Although the benefits of TOD are well understood, less can be found in current literature addressing the implementation of such policies. What implementation research that does exist has focused on performance in terms of resulting modal shift and transit ridership. Less research has been done to assess the success of implementation in achieving truly mixed and economically accessible transit neighborhoods.