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Psychosemantics

Psychosemantics
Author: Jerry A. Fodor
Publisher: MIT Press
Total Pages: 191
Release: 1987-06-19
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 0262061066
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Psychosemantics explores the relation between commonsense psychological theories and problems that are central to semantics and the philosophy of language. Building on and extending Fodor's earlier work it puts folk psychology on firm theoretical ground and rebuts externalist, holist, and naturalist threats to its position. This book is included in the series Explorations in Cognitive Science, edited by Margaret A. Boden. A Bradford Book.

The Red and the Real

The Red and the Real
Author: Jonathan Cohen
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Total Pages: 280
Release: 2009-06-25
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 0191609609
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The Red and the Real offers a new approach to longstanding philosophical puzzles about what colors are and how they fit into the natural world. Jonathan Cohen argues for a role-functionalist treatment of color - a view according to which colors are identical to certain functional roles involving perceptual effects on subjects. Cohen first argues (on broadly empirical grounds) for the more general relationalist view that colors are constituted in terms of relations between objects, perceivers, and viewing conditions. He responds to semantic, ontological, and phenomenological objections against this thesis, and argues that relationalism offers the best hope of respecting both empirical results and ordinary belief about color. He then defends the more specific role functionalist-account by contending that the latter is the most plausible form of color relationalism.

Psychosyntax

Psychosyntax
Author: David Pereplyotchik
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 322
Release: 2017-10-05
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 3319600664
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This volume examines two main questions: What is linguistics about? And how do the results of linguistic theorizing bear on inquiry in related fields, particularly in psychology? The book develops views that depart from received wisdom in both philosophy and linguistics. With regard to questions concerning the subject matter, methodological goals, and ontological commitments of formal syntactic theorizing, it argues that the cognitive conception adopted by most linguists and philosophers is not the only acceptable view, and that the arguments in its favor collapse under scrutiny. Nevertheless, as the book shows, a detailed examination of the relevant psycholinguistic results and computational models does support the claim that the theoretical constructs of formal linguistics are operative in real-time language comprehension. These constructs fall into two categories: mental phrase markers and mental syntactic principles. Both are indeed psychologically real, but in importantly different ways. The book concludes by drawing attention to the importance of the often-elided distinction between personal and subpersonal psychological states and processes, as well as the logical character of dispositional and occurrent states. By clarifying these concepts, particularly by reference to up-and-running psychological and computational models, the book yields a richer and more satisfying perspective on the psychological reality of language.

States of Mind

States of Mind
Author: Diane F. Halpern
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 449
Release: 1997-07-24
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 0195356012
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Political belief systems are, at heart, psychological theories of motivation, personality, mental health, education, and social interaction. In this volume, Diane Halpern and Alexander Voiskounsky take advantage of recent political events in the former Soviet Union which have created a unique opportunity to study the ways in which two major world powers have defined contemporary psychological issues. Because access to Western literature in psychology was strictly controlled until 1991, much of Soviet psychology developed independently of Western ideas. Likewise, impediments in communication also prevented Western researchers and theorists from enhancing their work with Soviet perspectives. Although the political climate has changed enormously, barriers to the exchange of ideas still remain. States of Mind explores newly evolving areas of psychology that are particularly important at this time in history, and addresses these topics from both post-Soviet and American perspectives. Psychologists from both backgrounds present their personal views of their own areas of expertise to offer their counterparts a portion of the psychological landscape from a new vantage point.

Externalism

Externalism
Author: Mark Rowlands
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 257
Release: 2014-12-18
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 1317489284
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It is commonly held that our thoughts, beliefs, desires and feelings - the mental phenomena that we instantiate - are constituted by states and processes that occur inside our head. The view known as externalism, however, denies that mental phenomena are internal in this sense. The mind is not purely in the head. Mental phenomena are hybrid entities that straddle both internal state and processes and things occurring in the outside world. The development of externalist conceptions of the mind is one of the most controversial, and arguably one of the most important, developments in the philosophy of mind in the second half of the twentieth century. Yet, despite its significance most recent work on externalism has been highly technical, clouding its basic ideas and principles. Moreover, very little work has been done to locate externalism within philosophical developments in both analytic and continental traditions. In this book, Mark Rowlands aims to remedy both these problems and present for the reader a clear and accessible introduction to the subject grounded in wider developments in the history of philosophy. Rowlands shows that externalism has significant and respectable historical roots that make it much more important than a specific eruption that occurred in late twentieth-century analytic philosophy.

Two Dozen (or so) Arguments for God

Two Dozen (or so) Arguments for God
Author: Jerry Walls
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 496
Release: 2018-08-07
Genre: Religion
ISBN: 0190842237
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Thirty years ago, Alvin Plantinga gave a lecture called "Two Dozen (or so) Theistic Arguments," which served as an underground inspiration for two generations of scholars and students. In it, he proposed a number of novel and creative arguments for the existence of God which have yet to receive the attention they deserve. In Two Dozen (or so) Arguments for God, each of Plantinga's original suggestions, many of which he only briefly sketched, is developed in detail by a wide variety of accomplished scholars. The authors look to metaphysics, epistemology, semantics, ethics, aesthetics, and beyond, finding evidence for God in almost every dimension of reality. Those arguments new to natural theology are more fully developed, and well-known arguments are given new life. Not only does this collection present ground-breaking research, but it lays the foundations for research projects for years to come.

Consciousness and Experience

Consciousness and Experience
Author: William G. Lycan
Publisher: MIT Press
Total Pages: 242
Release: 1996
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 9780262121972
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This sequel to Lycan's Consciousness (1987) continues the elaboration of his general functionalist theory of consciousness, answers the critics of his earlier work, and expands the range of discussion to deal with the many new issues and arguments that have arisen in the intervening years--an extraordinarily fertile period for the philosophical investigation of consciousness. Lycan not only uses the numerous arguments against materialism, and functionalist theories of mind in particular, to gain a more detailed positive view of the structure of the mind, he also targets the set of really hard problems at the center of the theory of consciousness: subjectivity, qualia, and the felt aspect of experience. The key to his own enlarged and fairly argued position, which he calls the "hegemony of representation," is that there is no more to mind or consciousness than can be accounted for in terms of intentionality, functional organization, and in particular, second-order representation of one's own mental states. A Bradford Book

Mental Fictionalism

Mental Fictionalism
Author: Tamás Demeter
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 418
Release: 2022-04-29
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 1000584003
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What are mental states? When we talk about people’s beliefs or desires, are we talking about what is happening inside their heads? If so, might cognitive science show that we are wrong? Might it turn out that mental states do not exist? Mental fictionalism offers a new approach to these longstanding questions about the mind. Its core idea is that mental states are useful fictions. When we talk about mental states, we are not formulating hypotheses about people’s inner machinery. Instead, we simply talk "as if" people had certain inner states, such as beliefs or desires, in order to make sense of their behaviour. This is the first book dedicated to exploring mental fictionalism. Featuring contributions from established authors as well as up-and-coming scholars in this burgeoning field, the book reveals the exciting potential of a fictionalist approach to the mind, as well as the challenges it faces. In doing so, it offers a fresh perspective on foundational debates in the philosophy of mind, such as the nature of mental states and folk psychology, as well as hot topics in the field, such as embodied cognition and mental representation. Mental Fictionalism: Philosophical Explorations is essential reading for advanced undergraduates, postgraduates and professionals alike.

Conceptions of Meaning

Conceptions of Meaning
Author: Shulamith Kreitler
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2014
Genre: Meaning (Psychology)
ISBN: 9781633212411
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The book "Conceptions of Meaning" was edited by Shulamith Kreitler and Tomá Urbánek, two psychologists who are known for their contributions to the study of meaning in psychology. The purpose of the book is to introduce Meaning back into psychology. Indeed, it has always been there, but it has not been developed and applied sufficiently to become prominent in the mainstream of science. The editors believe that the potentials of Meaning are too great and too important to be overlooked. The book includes 12 chapters by prominent researchers and thinkers who present different aspects and manifestations of meaning. In this book, the reader will find new conceptions of meaning, new methodologies, a variety of methods for its assessment, and innovative applications in familiar and new domains. There are four parts in this book.

Concepts

Concepts
Author: Jerry A. Fodor
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 187
Release: 1998
Genre: Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN: 0198236379
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Oxford Cognitive Science Series General Editors: Martin Davies, Wilde Reader in Mental Philosophy, University of Oxford, UK, James Higginbotham , Professor of General Linguistics, University of Oxford, UK, John O'Keefe, Professor of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College, London, UK, Christopher Peacocke, Waynflete Professor of Metaphysical Philosophy, University of Oxford, UK, and Kim Plunkett, University Lecturer in Psychology, University of Oxford, UK The Oxford Cognitive Science series is a forum for the best contemporary work in this flourishing field, where various disciplines--cognitive psychology, philosophy, linguistics, cognitive neuroscience, and computational theory--join forces in the investigation of thought, awareness, understanding, and associated workings of the mind. Each book will represent an original contribution to its subject, but will be accessible beyond the ranks of specialists, so as to reach a broad interdisciplinary readership. The series will be carefully shaped and steered by the general editors, with the aim of representing the most important developments in the field and bringing together its constituent disciplines. About this book The renowned philosopher Jerry Fodor, who has been a leading figure in the study of the mind for more than twenty years, presents a strikingly original theory of the basic constituents of thought. He suggests that the heart of a cognitive science is its theory of concepts, and that cognitive scientists have gone badly wrong in many areas because their assumptions about concepts have been seriously mistaken. Fodor argues compellingly for an atomistic theory of concepts, deals out witty and pugnacious demolitions of the rival theories that have prevailed in recent years, and suggests that future work on human cognition should build upon new foundations. This lively, conversational, accessible book is the first volume in the Oxford Cognitive Science Series, where the best original work in this field will be presented to a broad readership. Concepts will fascinate anyone interested in contemporary work on mind and language. Cognitive science will never be the same again.