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Preventative Detention of Terrorist Suspects in Australia and the United States

Preventative Detention of Terrorist Suspects in Australia and the United States
Author: Katherine Nesbitt
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2007
Genre:
ISBN:

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Since the September 11 terrorist attacks, the United States and Australian governments have asserted that the threat of terrorism requires the adoption of preventative detention strategies to authorize the arrest and detention of terrorists before they carry out their horrific acts. The two countries' approaches to preventative detention, however, have been distinct. In the United States, the Bush Administration has adopted pretextual measures that authorized the preventative, and potentially indefinite, detention of terrorist suspects as enemy combatants or as material witnesses. In Australia, Parliament placed preventative detention directly into its Criminal Code, authorizing the imposition of preventative detention and control orders in cases of terrorism. This Article examines and compares these unique preventative detention strategies employed by the U.S. and Australia in the war on terrorism, and analyzes their constitutionality in light of the U.S. Supreme Court and Australian High Court precedent addressing administrative detention. In the United States, the Supreme Court, armed with the Bills of Rights, has been more assertive than its Australian counterpart in striking down detention schemes which authorize indefinite regulatory detention without charges. Nevertheless, the preventative detention strategies employed by the United States are far more intrusive of individual liberties than the Australian legislative model. Yet, while the Australian measures incorporate more procedural protections and safeguards from abuse than their U.S. counterpart, and therefore are the more favored approach, neither scheme is consistent with the fundamental principles and values underlying both the U.S. and Australian systems of criminal justice and due process.


Counter-terrorism and the Detention of Suspected Terrorists

Counter-terrorism and the Detention of Suspected Terrorists
Author: Claire Macken
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 295
Release: 2013-03-01
Genre: Law
ISBN: 1136741860

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In a regional, national and global response to terrorism, the emphasis necessarily lies on preventing the next terrorist act. Yet, with prevention comes prediction: the need to identify and detain those considered likely to engage in a terrorist act in the future. The detention of ‘suspected terrorists’ is intended, therefore, to thwart a potential terrorist act recognising that retrospective action is of no consequence given the severity of terrorist crime. Although preventative steps against those reasonably suspected to have an intention to commit a terrorist act is sound counter-terrorism policy, a law allowing arbitrary arrest and detention is not. A State must carefully enact anti-terrorism laws to ensure that preventative detention does not wrongly accuse and grossly slander an innocent person, nor allow a terrorist to evade detection. This book examines whether the preventative detention of suspected terrorists in State counter-terrorism policy is consistent with the prohibitions on arbitrary arrest and detention in international human rights law. This examination is based on the ‘principle of proportionality’; a principle underlying the prohibition on arbitrary arrest as universally protected in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and given effect to internationally in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and regionally in regional instruments including the European Convention on Human Rights. The book is written from a global counter-terrorism perspective, drawing particularly on examples of preventative detention from the UK, US and Australia, as well as jurisprudence from the ECHR.


Preventive Detention of Terror Suspects

Preventive Detention of Terror Suspects
Author: Diane Webber
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 326
Release: 2016-01-08
Genre: Law
ISBN: 1317385497

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Preventive detention as a counter-terrorism tool is fraught with conceptual and procedural problems and risks of misuse, excess and abuse. Many have debated the inadequacies of the current legal frameworks for detention, and the need for finding the most appropriate legal model to govern detention of terror suspects that might serve as a global paradigm. This book offers a comprehensive and critical analysis of the detention of terror suspects under domestic criminal law, the law of armed conflict and international human rights law. The book looks comparatively at the law in a number of key jurisdictions including the USA, the UK, Israel, France, India, Australia and Canada and in turn compares this to preventive detention under the law of armed conflict and various human rights treaties. The book demonstrates that the procedures governing the use of preventive detention are deficient in each framework and that these deficiencies often have an adverse and serious impact on the human rights of detainees, thereby delegitimizing the use of preventive detention. Based on her investigation Diane Webber puts forward a new approach to preventive detention, setting out ten key minimum criteria drawn from international human rights principles and best practices from domestic laws. The minimum criteria are designed to cure the current flaws and deficiencies and provide a base line of guidance for the many countries that choose to use preventive detention, in a way that both respects human rights and maintains security.


The Necessary Evil of Preventive Detention in the War on Terror

The Necessary Evil of Preventive Detention in the War on Terror
Author: Stephanie Cooper Blum
Publisher: Cambria Press
Total Pages: 292
Release: 2008
Genre: History
ISBN: 1604975660

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"This book explores the underlying rationales for preventive detention as a tool in this war on terror; analyzes the legal obstacles to creating a preventive detention regime; discusses how Israel and Britain have dealt with incapacitation and interrogation of terrorists; and compares several alternative ideas to the administration's enemy combatant policy under a methodology that looks at questions of lawfulness, the balance between liberty and security, and institutional efficiency. In the end, this book recommends using the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court to monitor a narrow regime of preventive detention only to be used under certain prescribed circumstances where interrogation and/or incapacitation are the justifications. This book is an essential reference for collections in American studies, political science, and national security studies."--BOOK JACKET.


Detention of Terrorism Suspects

Detention of Terrorism Suspects
Author: Maureen Duffy
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Total Pages: 313
Release: 2018-02-08
Genre: Law
ISBN: 1509904018

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Controversial erosions of individual liberties in the name of anti-terrorism are ongoing in liberal democracies. The focus of this book is on the manner in which strategic discourse has been used to create accepted political narratives. It specifically links aspects of that discourse to problematic and evolving terrorism detention practices that happen outside of traditional criminal and wartime paradigms, with examples including the detentions at Guantanamo Bay and security certificates in Canada. This book suggests that biased political discourse has, in some respects, continued to fuel public misconceptions about terrorism, which have then led to problematic legal enactments, supported by those misconceptions. It introduces this idea by presenting current examples, such as some of the language used by US President Donald Trump regarding terrorism, and it argues that such language has supported questionable legal responses to terrorism. It then critiques political arguments that began after 9/11, many of which are still foundational as terrorism detention practices evolve. The focus is on language emanating from the US, and the book links this language to specific examples of changed detention practices from the US, Canada, and the UK. Terrorism is undoubtedly a real threat, but that does not mean that all perceptions of how to respond to terrorism are valid. As international terrorism continues to grow and to change, this book offers valuable insights into problems that have arisen from specific responses, with the objective of avoiding those problems going forward.


Preventive Detention of Terror Suspects

Preventive Detention of Terror Suspects
Author: Diane Webber
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 302
Release: 2016-01-08
Genre: Law
ISBN: 1317385489

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Preventive detention as a counter-terrorism tool is fraught with conceptual and procedural problems and risks of misuse, excess and abuse. Many have debated the inadequacies of the current legal frameworks for detention, and the need for finding the most appropriate legal model to govern detention of terror suspects that might serve as a global paradigm. This book offers a comprehensive and critical analysis of the detention of terror suspects under domestic criminal law, the law of armed conflict and international human rights law. The book looks comparatively at the law in a number of key jurisdictions including the USA, the UK, Israel, France, India, Australia and Canada and in turn compares this to preventive detention under the law of armed conflict and various human rights treaties. The book demonstrates that the procedures governing the use of preventive detention are deficient in each framework and that these deficiencies often have an adverse and serious impact on the human rights of detainees, thereby delegitimizing the use of preventive detention. Based on her investigation Diane Webber puts forward a new approach to preventive detention, setting out ten key minimum criteria drawn from international human rights principles and best practices from domestic laws. The minimum criteria are designed to cure the current flaws and deficiencies and provide a base line of guidance for the many countries that choose to use preventive detention, in a way that both respects human rights and maintains security.


Free Speech after 9/11

Free Speech after 9/11
Author: Katharine Gelber
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 206
Release: 2016-04-15
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 0191083410

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Although there has been a lot written about how counter-terrorism laws impact on human rights and civil liberties, most of this work has focussed on the most obvious or egregious kinds of human rights abrogation, such as extended detention, torture, and extraordinary rendition. Far less has been written about the complex ways in which Western governments have placed new and far-reaching limitations on freedom of speech in this context since 9/11. This book compares three liberal democracies - the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia, in particular showing the commonalities and similarities in what has occurred in each country, and the changes in the appropriate parameters of freedom of speech in the counter-terrorism context since 9/11, achieved both in policy change and the justification for that change. In all three countries much speech has been criminalized in ways that were considered anachronistic, or inappropriate, in comparable policy areas prior to 9/11. This is particularly interesting because other works have suggested that the United States' unique protection of freedom of speech in the First Amendment has prevented speech being limited in that country in ways that have been pursued in others. This book shows that this kind of argument misses the detail of the policy change that has occurred, and privileges a textual reading over a more comprehensive policy-based understanding of the changes that have occurred. The author argues that we are now living a new-normal for freedom of speech, within which restrictions on speech that once would have been considered aberrant, overreaching, and impermissible are now considered ordinary, necessary, and justified as long as they occur in the counter-terrorism context. This change is persistent, and it has far reaching implications for the future of this foundational freedom.


Handbook on Criminal Justice Responses to Terrorism

Handbook on Criminal Justice Responses to Terrorism
Author:
Publisher: United Nations Publications
Total Pages: 136
Release: 2010
Genre:
ISBN: 9789211562828

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Acknowledgements -- Introduction and legal context -- Key components of an effective criminal justice response to terrorism -- Criminal justice accountability and oversight mechanisms


In Pursuit of Justice

In Pursuit of Justice
Author: Richard B. Zabel
Publisher:
Total Pages: 190
Release: 2008
Genre: Law
ISBN:

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In recent years, there has been much controversy about the proper forum in which to prosecute and punish suspected terrorists. Some have endorsed aggressive use of military commissions; others have proposed an entirely new "national security court." However, as the nation strives for a vigorous and effective response to terrorism, we should not lose sight of the important tools that are already at our disposal, nor should we forget the costs and risks of seeking to break new ground by departing from established institutions and practices. As this White Paper shows, the existing criminal justice system has proved successful at handling a large number of important and challenging terrorism prosecutions over the past fifteen years-without sacrificing national security interests, rigorous standards of fairness and due process, or just punishment for those guilty of terrorism-related crimes.


Tradition and Change in Australian Law

Tradition and Change in Australian Law
Author: Patrick Parkinson
Publisher: Lawbook Company
Total Pages: 336
Release: 1994
Genre: Law
ISBN:

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This book examines the tradition of law in Australia & the tension between adherence to tradition & the demands of change & renewal for the legal system. The author argues that the greatest challenge the legal system faces is the challenge of inclusion -- to make the legal system one to which all Australians have access & in which all Australians are able to make their voices heard. The new edition takes account of recently published work in Australian legal history, including the Wik case & the native title debate, the debate about a Republic, changes in the Australian court system, developments in legal reasoning & statutory interpretation, & the problems of access to justice.