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| Author | : Peride K. Blind |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 217 |
| Release | : 2014-05-07 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 1137294787 |
Policy-Driven Democratization offers a comprehensive conceptual analysis of each one of these fuzzy terms separately to then sew them together in one complete and coherent package of democratization.
| Author | : Helen Ingram |
| Publisher | : Brookings Institution Press |
| Total Pages | : 290 |
| Release | : 2011-04-01 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 9780815717720 |
A fundamental rethinking is under way about the roles of government, citizens, and community organizations in public policy. Can government be reconstructed to make public policies more responsive to citizens and thus more effective? This challenge is apparent in the activist policy agenda of the Clinton administration, which supports national service programs, government-voluntary collaborations, and community-based development projects. Public Policy for Democracy is an important and timely contribution to the current discussion of how to get people more involved in their own governance. In this book, contributors urge policymakers and policy analysts to promote a more vigorous and inclusive democracy by incorporating concerns about citizenship in their craft, rather than strictly emphasizing efficiency and effectiveness. The authors provide insight into how the social construction of politics affects the recipients of the policies and the public in general. They call attention to how policies reinforce negative stereotypes of some groups, such as welfare recipients, and often lead to political alienation and withdrawal. In addition, they discuss how polices using "clinical reason"—a term borrowed from medicine and used as a way to classify people—are increasingly applied to nonmedical situations, such as domestic violence, to restrict individual power and legitimacy. The authors argue that much needs to be done by the government itself to improve policy design and empower all citizens to participate in the democratic process. They identify concrete strategies for policymakers to enhance the role of citizens without sacrificing program effectiveness.
| Author | : Michael Cox |
| Publisher | : Routledge |
| Total Pages | : 279 |
| Release | : 2013-04-17 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 1135917965 |
The promotion of democracy by the United States became highly controversial during the presidency of George W. Bush. The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan were widely perceived as failed attempts at enforced democratization, sufficient that Barack Obama has felt compelled to downplay the rhetoric of democracy and freedom in his foreign-policy. This collection seeks to establish whether a democracy promotion tradition exists, or ever existed, in US foreign policy, and how far Obama and his predecessors conformed to or repudiated it. For more than a century at least, American presidents have been driven by deep historical and ideological forces to conceive US foreign policy in part through the lens of democracy promotion. Debating how far democratic aspirations have been realized in actual foreign policies, this book draws together concise studies from many of the leading academic experts in the field to evaluate whether or not these efforts were successful in promoting democratization abroad. They clash over whether democracy promotion is an appropriate goal of US foreign policy and whether America has gained anything from it. Offering an important contribution to the field, this work is essential reading for all students and scholars of US foreign policy, American politics and international relations.
| Author | : John S. Dryzek |
| Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
| Total Pages | : 270 |
| Release | : 1990 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 9780521478274 |
Discursive Democracy examines how the political process can be made more vital and meaningful.
| Author | : Shaun Young |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2011 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
The preceding decade has witnessed the production of a substantial volume of scholarship dedicated to exploring the concept of evidence-based policy - the idea that 'at the heart' of properly developed public policy is 'the best available evidence'. Concomitantly, 'evidence' has secured an unparalleled pride of place (at least, rhetorically) among policy-makers, who will often refer to the conclusions of 'the best available evidence' when seeking to justify particular decisions. However, a number of additional considerations have been identified as desirably or otherwise influencing policy-makers' decisions, including fiscal and time constraints, personal experience, societal values, and short-term/long-term political strategy, to name a few. Indeed, arguably, policy-makers in contemporary democratic polities have no choice but to incorporate such considerations into their decision-making if they genuinely wish to produce a policy proposal that is both politically and publicly viable. Does such a situation problematically impede the meaningful realization of evidence-based policy? This essay offers some preliminary observations concerning certain tensions between the idea of evidence-based policy and the practice of democracy and briefly considers the degree to which those tensions might and should be resolved.
| Author | : Leslie E. Anderson |
| Publisher | : University of Michigan Press |
| Total Pages | : 305 |
| Release | : 2016-08-09 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 047205323X |
The case of Argentina demonstrates that formal government institutions can facilitate democratization
| Author | : Jin Seok Bae |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 460 |
| Release | : 2015 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of electoral politics on macroeconomic and distributive policy in East Asian “developmental states” using empirical evidence from South Korea. Based on existing theories of political budget cycles (PBCs) and distributive politics, this study examines how democratization affects the pattern and degree of political budget cycles and targeted spending. Contrary to the bureaucracy dominance thesis in developmental state theory, I argue that authoritarian leaders in Korea had incentives to manipulate macroeconomic conditions before elections to increase the ruling party’s urban representation. The incentives for PBCs and targeted spending under authoritarian rule were, of course, smaller than that under democracy, but the constraints on PBCs and targeted spending were also smaller under authoritarian rule. I find that PBCs occurred in Korea before and after democratization and that democratization did not affect the degree of PBCs in statistical terms. Based on these findings, I conclude that the increased constraints (checks and balances) offset the increased incentives (electoral competition) after democratization. This study also pays attention to the institutional variables that shape incumbent’s preference regarding tactical allocation: the N=2 Single Non-Transferable Vote (SNTV) system under authoritarian rule adopted to increase ruling party’s urban representation; the five-year single term presidency under democracy that led the president’s goal to focus on preempting early lame-duck status and obtaining a graceful retirement. Based on the analysis of the institutional effect on identifying target group, I demonstrate that the main target for the incumbents during the authoritarian period was swing voters in urban areas, while the main targets for the incumbents during the democratic period were both the incumbent’s core support group and opposition backers.
| Author | : Ted Piccone |
| Publisher | : Brookings Institution Press |
| Total Pages | : 298 |
| Release | : 2016-02-23 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 0815725787 |
Shifting power balances in the world are shaking the foundations of the liberal international order and revealing new fault lines at the intersection of human rights and international security. Will these new global trends help or hinder the world's long struggle for human rights and democracy? The answer depends on the role of five rising democracies—India, Brazil, South Africa, Turkey, and Indonesia—as both examples and supporters of liberal ideas and practices. Ted Piccone analyzes the transitions of these five democracies as their stars rise on the international stage. While they offer important and mainly positive examples of the compatibility of political liberties, economic growth, and human development, their foreign policies swing between interest-based strategic autonomy and a principled concern for democratic progress and human rights. In a multipolar world, the fate of the liberal international order depends on how they reconcile these tendencies.
| Author | : Michael Albertus |
| Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
| Total Pages | : 326 |
| Release | : 2018-01-25 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 110819642X |
This book argues that - in terms of institutional design, the allocation of power and privilege, and the lived experiences of citizens - democracy often does not restart the political game after displacing authoritarianism. Democratic institutions are frequently designed by the outgoing authoritarian regime to shield incumbent elites from the rule of law and give them an unfair advantage over politics and the economy after democratization. Authoritarianism and the Elite Origins of Democracy systematically documents and analyzes the constitutional tools that outgoing authoritarian elites use to accomplish these ends, such as electoral system design, legislative appointments, federalism, legal immunities, constitutional tribunal design, and supermajority thresholds for change. The study provides wide-ranging evidence for these claims using data that spans the globe and dates from 1800 to the present. Albertus and Menaldo also conduct detailed case studies of Chile and Sweden. In doing so, they explain why some democracies successfully overhaul their elite-biased constitutions for more egalitarian social contracts.
| Author | : Stephen Elstub |
| Publisher | : Edward Elgar Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 624 |
| Release | : 2019-12-27 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 1786433869 |
Democratic innovations are proliferating in politics, governance, policy, and public administration. These new processes of public participation are reimagining the relationship between citizens and institutions. This Handbook advances understanding of democratic innovations, in theory and practice, by critically reviewing their importance throughout the world. The overarching themes are a focus on citizens and their relationship to these innovations, and the resulting effects on political equality. The Handbook therefore offers a definitive overview of existing research on democratic innovations, while also setting the agenda for future research and practice.
