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Pharmacist Participation in Prescribing-error Prevention Among HIV/AIDS Patients

Pharmacist Participation in Prescribing-error Prevention Among HIV/AIDS Patients
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 168
Release: 2008
Genre: AIDS (Disease)
ISBN:
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The objectives of this study were to analyse prescribing errors in the prescribing process of HIV/AIDS patients in term of types, rate and prevalence of error, and to assess the reduction of prescribing error after pharmacist participation on prescribing error prevention. The study was conducted in the HIV clinic at Samutsakhon Hospital. The study was divided into three phases. In phase 1, the prescribing process was observed and prescribing errors were assessed by the investigator during October 1, 2007 to November 15, 2007. In phase 2, pharmacists with physicians and nurses develop the model of pharmacist participation in prescribing error prevention and the model was tested for a 1-month period. In phase 3, The role of pharmacist in the model and prescribing errors were evaluated during December 15, 2007 to January 31, 2008. A total of 249 patients in phase 1 and 254 patients in phase 3 were evaluated. There were 123 prescribing errors in phase 1 but only 8 prescribing errors in phase 3. The error rates were 19.19% in phase 1 and 1.20% in phase 3. Types of errors most commonly found were prescribing medication with the incorrect time (not around the clock)(44.72%), do not specified strength (21.14%), and incorrect indication of opportunistic infections (13.01%). Types of physician associated with prescribing errors were internist (45.45%), general practitioner (23.17%), and medical specialist (13.61%). All pharmacists' recommendations to physician were accepted, including clarification of order, time changing, and cessation of drug. The results indicated that substantial reduction of prescribing error rate came from pharmacist participation prior to physician prescribing which included reviewing the regimen, identifying the name of antiretroviral regimen using self-inking stamp, calculating the quantity of medication, and preparing the medication. This study recommended that collaboration with physicians and nurses to develop the system that enhances pharmacist participation in prescribing error prevention will ensure that patients are safe and receive appropriate drug therapy.

Preventing Medication Errors

Preventing Medication Errors
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 480
Release: 2006-12-11
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0309133734
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In 1996 the Institute of Medicine launched the Quality Chasm Series, a series of reports focused on assessing and improving the nation's quality of health care. Preventing Medication Errors is the newest volume in the series. Responding to the key messages in earlier volumes of the seriesâ€"To Err Is Human (2000), Crossing the Quality Chasm (2001), and Patient Safety (2004)â€"this book sets forth an agenda for improving the safety of medication use. It begins by providing an overview of the system for drug development, regulation, distribution, and use. Preventing Medication Errors also examines the peer-reviewed literature on the incidence and the cost of medication errors and the effectiveness of error prevention strategies. Presenting data that will foster the reduction of medication errors, the book provides action agendas detailing the measures needed to improve the safety of medication use in both the short- and long-term. Patients, primary health care providers, health care organizations, purchasers of group health care, legislators, and those affiliated with providing medications and medication- related products and services will benefit from this guide to reducing medication errors.

The Impact of Medication Therapy Management on Polypharmacy in People Living with HIV/AIDS

The Impact of Medication Therapy Management on Polypharmacy in People Living with HIV/AIDS
Author: Helen Tolulope Orimoloye
Publisher:
Total Pages: 143
Release: 2020
Genre:
ISBN:
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Polypharmacy, defined as the concurrent use of multiple medications simultaneously, is increasingly common in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) due to the use of antiretroviral and non-antiretroviral drugs for the treatment of multiple chronic diseases. Polypharmacy is a growing concern among PLWHA because of their complex medication regimen, the risk of adverse drug events, drug-drug interactions, medication non-adherence, medication errors, and antiretroviral treatment failure. Medication therapy management (MTM), which are pharmacist-led interventions, have been useful in resolving medication-related problems and optimizing clinical outcomes. However, there are limited studies on the effectiveness of pharmacist-provided MTM services in reducing polypharmacy in HIV/AIDs patients. MTM services should enable the identification and reduction of polypharmacy. Hence, the central goal of this dissertation was to evaluate the impact of MTM services on polypharmacy in PLWHA. A secondary data analysis of a new MTM project by the CDC, UNTHSC, and Walgreens that involved the collaboration of pharmacists and clinicians to provide patient-centered care for HIV patients was done. The study involved 765 participants from 10 states in the United States. Polypharmacy was measured by the number of polyactive substances (pharmacologically active ingredients) in medications used. A paired T-test was used to find the difference between the pill count and the polyactive substances in medicines used by PLWHA. A longitudinal data analysis using a generalized estimating equation was used to assess the impact of MTM intervention on polypharmacy over time by determining the change in polyactive substances in medication pre-post MTM intervention. The relationship between the changes in HIV outcomes CD4 count and HIV RNA count and the change in polyactive substances pre-post MTM intervention was also determined. The results showed a significant average difference between the polyactive substance count and the pill count of about 2.15. Also, the number of polyactive substances in medications used by study participants reduced by an average of 3 from pre- to post- MTM intervention. There was a relationship between the change in HIV outcomes and the change in polyactive substance pre-post MTM intervention. As polyactive substances decrease over time in the study, there is a higher chance that there is viral suppression and improvement in CD4 count at the end of the study. Medication therapy management involving pharmacists and clinicians may be useful in addressing polypharmacy in PLWHA. The MTM program in this study was not designed to address polypharmacy. But the results indicated that the intervention had a positive impact on polypharmacy. Further studies, such as a case-control study or a randomized control trial, are required to assess the effect of MTM on polypharmacy better.

The Pharmacist in Public Health

The Pharmacist in Public Health
Author: Hoai-An Truong
Publisher: American Pharmacists Association (APhA)
Total Pages: 572
Release: 2010
Genre: Medical
ISBN:
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This book adequately captures the current state of affairs and issues relating to public health and the pharmacists' role in this area. One of the unique features is the Actions for Change Today section which details/itemizes the unmet needs in each area of public health.

Medication Errors

Medication Errors
Author: Michael Richard Cohen
Publisher: American Pharmacist Associa
Total Pages: 707
Release: 2007
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 1582120927
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In this expanded 600+ page edition, Dr. Cohen brings together some 30 experts from pharmacy, medicine, nursing, and risk management to provide the most current thinking about the causes of medication errors and strategies to prevent them.

The Role of the Pharmacist in Patient Care

The Role of the Pharmacist in Patient Care
Author: Abdul Kader Mohiuddin
Publisher: Universal-Publishers
Total Pages: 690
Release: 2020
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 1627343083
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The goal of a high quality, cost-effective and accessible health care for patients is achieved through constructing a team-based and patient-centered health care delivery system. The expanded role of pharmacists uplifts them to patient care from dispensing and manufacturing or marketing of drugs. Along with doctors and allied health professionals, pharmacists are increasingly recognized as an integral part of the patient care team. Furthermore, colleges of pharmacy need to revise and up-date their curricula to accommodate the progressively increasing development in the pharmaceutical education and the evolving new roles of practicing pharmacists in patient care settings. This book focuses on the expanded role of the pharmacists in total patient care including prescribing, dispensing, compounding, administering and monitoring of drugs at home, hospital, community, hospice, critical care, changeover and other care settings. The sector is emerging in both developed and under-developed countries. Overburdened by patient loads and the explosion of new drugs physicians turned to pharmacists more and more for drug information especially within institutional settings. And today’s patient care pharmacists are taking more interests in medication review and reconciliation, patient education and counseling, creating drug therapy regimen and monitoring compliance. The purpose of this book is to guide the pharmacists in their daily interactions with patients and to ensure collaboration with other health professionals. The contents are mostly based on recently published articles related to patient care, with most recent ideas and activities followed by the patient care pharmacists around the globe. However, a pharmacist implements the care plan in collaboration with other health care professionals and the patient or caregiver. Along with professional guidelines, the book discusses the concepts and best practices of patient interaction, patient rights, and ethical decision-making for the professional pharmacist, apprentice and student. In every chapter, the role of pharmacists in that chapter specific issues are detailed explicitly so that a professional pharmacist or a student can figure out his or her do’s and don’ts in that specific situation. Moreover, further reading references are listed as future recommendations. So, the book is an archive of potential references too. Among so many books about patient care, either doctors’ or nurses’ roles are highlighted. The proposed book highlights the pharmacists’ roles and responsibilities to the most, separated from those of doctors and nurses, with the most recent information obtained from most publications in several journals, books, bulletins, newsletter, magazines etc.

Keeping Patients Safe

Keeping Patients Safe
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 485
Release: 2004-03-27
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0309187362
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Building on the revolutionary Institute of Medicine reports To Err is Human and Crossing the Quality Chasm, Keeping Patients Safe lays out guidelines for improving patient safety by changing nurses' working conditions and demands. Licensed nurses and unlicensed nursing assistants are critical participants in our national effort to protect patients from health care errors. The nature of the activities nurses typically perform â€" monitoring patients, educating home caretakers, performing treatments, and rescuing patients who are in crisis â€" provides an indispensable resource in detecting and remedying error-producing defects in the U.S. health care system. During the past two decades, substantial changes have been made in the organization and delivery of health care â€" and consequently in the job description and work environment of nurses. As patients are increasingly cared for as outpatients, nurses in hospitals and nursing homes deal with greater severity of illness. Problems in management practices, employee deployment, work and workspace design, and the basic safety culture of health care organizations place patients at further risk. This newest edition in the groundbreaking Institute of Medicine Quality Chasm series discusses the key aspects of the work environment for nurses and reviews the potential improvements in working conditions that are likely to have an impact on patient safety.

To Err Is Human

To Err Is Human
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 312
Release: 2000-03-01
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0309068371
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Experts estimate that as many as 98,000 people die in any given year from medical errors that occur in hospitals. That's more than die from motor vehicle accidents, breast cancer, or AIDSâ€"three causes that receive far more public attention. Indeed, more people die annually from medication errors than from workplace injuries. Add the financial cost to the human tragedy, and medical error easily rises to the top ranks of urgent, widespread public problems. To Err Is Human breaks the silence that has surrounded medical errors and their consequenceâ€"but not by pointing fingers at caring health care professionals who make honest mistakes. After all, to err is human. Instead, this book sets forth a national agendaâ€"with state and local implicationsâ€"for reducing medical errors and improving patient safety through the design of a safer health system. This volume reveals the often startling statistics of medical error and the disparity between the incidence of error and public perception of it, given many patients' expectations that the medical profession always performs perfectly. A careful examination is made of how the surrounding forces of legislation, regulation, and market activity influence the quality of care provided by health care organizations and then looks at their handling of medical mistakes. Using a detailed case study, the book reviews the current understanding of why these mistakes happen. A key theme is that legitimate liability concerns discourage reporting of errorsâ€"which begs the question, "How can we learn from our mistakes?" Balancing regulatory versus market-based initiatives and public versus private efforts, the Institute of Medicine presents wide-ranging recommendations for improving patient safety, in the areas of leadership, improved data collection and analysis, and development of effective systems at the level of direct patient care. To Err Is Human asserts that the problem is not bad people in health careâ€"it is that good people are working in bad systems that need to be made safer. Comprehensive and straightforward, this book offers a clear prescription for raising the level of patient safety in American health care. It also explains how patients themselves can influence the quality of care that they receive once they check into the hospital. This book will be vitally important to federal, state, and local health policy makers and regulators, health professional licensing officials, hospital administrators, medical educators and students, health caregivers, health journalists, patient advocatesâ€"as well as patients themselves. First in a series of publications from the Quality of Health Care in America, a project initiated by the Institute of Medicine

HIV Pharmacotherapy

HIV Pharmacotherapy
Author: Jason J. Schafer
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2018
Genre: Chemotherapy
ISBN: 9781585285761
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Pharmacists now have a new resource to help expand their HIV knowledge, guide their treatment, and provide comprehensive care. This book is the first of its kind to provide pharmacists with a consolidated resource for offering care to patients with HIV infection, including diagnosis, primary care, pharmacological management of co-infections, and more.

The CMS Hospital Conditions of Participation and Interpretive Guidelines

The CMS Hospital Conditions of Participation and Interpretive Guidelines
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 546
Release: 2017-11-27
Genre:
ISBN: 9781683086857
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In addition to reprinting the PDF of the CMS CoPs and Interpretive Guidelines, we include key Survey and Certification memos that CMS has issued to announced changes to the emergency preparedness final rule, fire and smoke door annual testing requirements, survey team composition and investigation of complaints, infection control screenings, and legionella risk reduction.