Passive Sampling Devices Psds As Biological Surrogates For Estimating The Bioavailability Of Organic Chemicals In Soil PDF Download
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Author | : JB. Wells |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 18 |
Release | : 2000 |
Genre | : Bioavailability |
ISBN | : |
Download Passive Sampling Devices (PSDs) as Biological Surrogates for Estimating the Bioavailability of Organic Chemicals in Soil Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Organic chemical exposure in soil toxicity tests and in ecological risk assessment of terrestrial systems is usually expressed as the total chemical measured. Possible alternatives to total chemical measures of organic chemical bioavailability and exposure include body residues in test organisms, soil extraction with selective solvents, and passive sampling devices (PSDs) as biological surrogates. Semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) offer potential as a biological surrogate in soil systems. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibers are a rapid and sensitive means for detecting PAHs in soil and have the advantage of not requiring solvent extraction of soil. The objective of this study was to compare chemical uptake and residues in earthworms, SPMDs, and SPMEs exposed in artificial soil spiked with phenanthrene (PHE). Bioavailable PHE, as assessed by mortality and PHE body residues, varied dramatically with soil organic matter content. Both SPMEs and SPMDs could discriminate differences in PHE availability between treatments. However, PHE levels measured using SPMEs were more precise and allowed discrimination between toxic and non-toxic levels of PHE, while PHE levels in SPMDs were too variable for use as a predictive tool.
Author | : Bruce M. Greenberg |
Publisher | : ASTM International |
Total Pages | : 359 |
Release | : 2001 |
Genre | : Environmental health |
ISBN | : 080312886X |
Download Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Doolalai Sethajintanin |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 292 |
Release | : 2005 |
Genre | : Organic water pollutants |
ISBN | : |
Download Passive Sampling Devices as Biological Surrogates for Evaluating Seasonal Bioavailability of Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants in Surface Water Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Richard J. Wenning |
Publisher | : SETAC |
Total Pages | : 818 |
Release | : 2005 |
Genre | : Contaminated sediments |
ISBN | : 1880611716 |
Download Use of Sediment Quality Guidelines and Related Tools for the Assessment of Contaminated Sediments Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Cynthia V. Rider |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 554 |
Release | : 2018-02-16 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 3319562347 |
Download Chemical Mixtures and Combined Chemical and Nonchemical Stressors Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
In this book, both basic and advanced concepts are discussed for considering mixtures from initial exposure characterization through evaluation of risk associated with combined exposures. This book will provide an introduction to key issues and multiple options for evaluating both the toxicity of mixtures as well as the risk associated with exposure to mixtures. Additionally, promising tools adapted from other disciplines will be discussed in the context of mixtures toxicology and risk assessment. Finally, the discussion will move beyond chemical mixtures to address incorporating non-chemical stressors into toxicity studies and cumulative risk assessments. Although exposure to multiple chemical and non-chemical stressors is the rule, not the exception, consideration of mixtures in toxicology and risk assessment continues to be a significant challenge. This book will be an essential resource for researchers and professionals in the fields of toxicology, epidemiology, exposure science, risk assessment, and statistics.
Author | : National Research Council |
Publisher | : National Academies Press |
Total Pages | : 316 |
Release | : 2007-10-30 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 0309134102 |
Download Sediment Dredging at Superfund Megasites Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Some of the nation's estuaries, lakes and other water bodies contain contaminated sediments that can adversely affect fish and wildlife and may then find their way into people's diets. Dredging is one of the few options available for attempting to clean up contaminated sediments, but it can uncover and re-suspend buried contaminants, creating additional exposures for wildlife and people. At the request of Congress, EPA asked the National Research Council (NRC) to evaluate dredging as a cleanup technique. The book finds that, based on a review of available evidence, dredging's ability to decrease environmental and health risks is still an open question. Analysis of pre-dredging and post-dredging at about 20 sites found a wide range of outcomes in terms of surface sediment concentrations of contaminants: some sites showed increases, some no change, and some decreases in concentrations. Evaluating the potential long-term benefits of dredging will require that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency step up monitoring activities before, during and after individual cleanups to determine whether it is working there and what combinations of techniques are most effective.
Author | : Gary K. Ostrander |
Publisher | : CRC Press |
Total Pages | : 798 |
Release | : 2005-01-27 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 9780203501597 |
Download Techniques in Aquatic Toxicology, Volume 2 Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Following up on his popular Techniques in Aquatic Toxicology with a second volume, now nine years later, Dr. Ostrander has once again called on the top aquatic toxicologists from across the world to present 39 chapters of unique collection and testing procedures. Updating five techniques from the first volume, the authors have gone on to add over two dozen new techniques. Every chapter covers a specific procedure that can easily be reproduced by any competent technician with basic knowledge. Each of the chapter authors provides and interprets typical and anomalous results, false positives, and artifacts. Data is provided either from recently published experiments or from work being published for the first time.
Author | : Geoffrey I. Sunahara |
Publisher | : CRC Press |
Total Pages | : 336 |
Release | : 2009-06-01 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 1420004344 |
Download Ecotoxicology of Explosives Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Managing sites contaminated with munitions constituents is an international challenge. Although the choice of approach and the use of Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA) tools may vary from country to country, the assurance of quality and the direction of ecotoxicological research are universally recognized as shared concerns. Drawing on a multidiscip
Author | : Carey E. Donald |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 158 |
Release | : 2017 |
Genre | : Passive sampling devices |
ISBN | : |
Download Advances in Passive Sampling Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Passive sampling devices have been used for decades to measure complex mixtures of bioavailable organic chemicals in a variety of environmental media. More recently passive sampler applications have expanded beyond monitoring chemical concentrations, and this dissertation continues to advance methods of passive sampling on many fronts. Despite their growing use, no practical, evidence-based guidelines exist to ensure concentrations of chemicals sequestered in passive samplers are stable in transport and storage. We demonstrated that concentrations of semivolatile chemicals sequestered within passive samplers would be stable with low-cost shipping from isolated locales by simulating in the laboratory a worst-case scenario at 35 °C for two weeks. Quantitative measures of the flux of semivolatile chemicals between soil and air have been limited by the challenges of collecting soil and estimating chemical fugacity from soil. We avoided these pitfalls by adapting passive sampling equipment to directly sample gas-phase chemicals in air above the soil. The sensitivity of the novel technique was demonstrated at three disparate sites, where volatilization was measured at a site with historically contaminated soil, and deposition was measured at another site with a recent oil spill and fire. In a related study, we deployed the same equipment on artificial turf fields to provide the first quantitative measure of semivolatile flux between artificial turf and overlying air. We detected an additional 26 compounds that have not been previously associated with artificial turf, including some that have known human health impacts. Finally, passive sampling principles were applied to measure chemicals in the human personal environment, using a newly-developed silicone passive sampler wristband. Nineteen pesticides were detected that were not reportedly used among 35 rural farmer participants, demonstrating the utility of the wristband in measuring personal exposures to pesticides. Pesticide concentrations in multiple wristbands, worn by a participant over time, were more similar to each other than to other participants, signifying the uniqueness of personal environments and the importance of taking personalized measurements when assessing risk. The advancements in this dissertation capitalize on the features of passive sampling techniques: easy, yet robust, transport capabilities were demonstrated to provide evidence-based transport criteria; ability to directly measure gas-phase chemicals led to quantitative flux measurements from soil and artificial turf; non-selective organic chemical sequestration allowed for identification of unexpected, or previously unreported chemicals; and the polymer qualities that mimic biological membranes sampled the bioavailable fraction for comparing human exposures. The advancements herein provide logistical solutions and sensitive measures of chemical transport and human exposures, and contribute to the expanding range of possibilities for passive sampling.
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 592 |
Release | : 2005 |
Genre | : Environmental chemistry |
ISBN | : |
Download Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle