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Oppositions and Paradoxes

Oppositions and Paradoxes
Author: John L. Bell
Publisher: Broadview Press
Total Pages: 218
Release: 2016-04-18
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 1554813026

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Since antiquity, opposed concepts such as the One and the Many, the Finite and the Infinite, and the Absolute and the Relative, have been a driving force in philosophical, scientific, and mathematical thought. Yet they have also given rise to perplexing problems and conceptual paradoxes which continue to haunt scientists and philosophers. In Oppositions and Paradoxes, John L. Bell explains and investigates the paradoxes and puzzles that arise out of conceptual oppositions in physics and mathematics. In the process, Bell not only motivates abstract conceptual thinking about the paradoxes at issue, but he also offers a compelling introduction to central ideas in such otherwise-difficult topics as non-Euclidean geometry, relativity, and quantum physics. These paradoxes are often as fun as they are flabbergasting. Consider, for example, the famous Tristram Shandy paradox: an immortal man composing an autobiography so slowly as to require a year of writing to describe each day of his life — he would, if he had infinite time, presumably never complete the work, although no individual part of it would remain unwritten. Or think of an office mailbox labelled “mail for those with no mailbox”—if this is a person’s mailbox, how can they possibly have “no mailbox”? These and many other paradoxes straddle the boundary between physics and metaphysics, and demonstrate the hidden difficulty in many of our most basic concepts.


Elgar Introduction to Organizational Paradox Theory

Elgar Introduction to Organizational Paradox Theory
Author: Berti, Marco
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Total Pages: 192
Release: 2021-07-31
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1839101148

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This insightful Elgar Introduction comprises the first effort to provide a succinct overview of the field of organizational paradox theory, exploring contradictions and tensions in organizational settings. By conceptually mapping the field, it offers guidance through the literature on paradox, making space for new interpretations and applications of the concept.


10 Moral Paradoxes

10 Moral Paradoxes
Author: Saul Smilansky
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 160
Release: 2008-04-30
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 0470695862

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Presenting ten diverse and original moral paradoxes, this cutting edge work of philosophical ethics makes a focused, concrete case for the centrality of paradoxes within morality. Explores what these paradoxes can teach us about morality and the human condition Considers a broad range of subjects, from familiar topics to rarely posed questions, among them "Fortunate Misfortune", "Beneficial Retirement" and "Preferring Not To Have Been Born" Asks whether the existence of moral paradox is a good or a bad thing Presents analytic moral philosophy in a provocative, engaging and entertaining way; posing new questions, proposing possible solutions, and challenging the reader to wrestle with the paradoxes themselves


Paradoxes

Paradoxes
Author: Edward Rochon
Publisher:
Total Pages: 110
Release: 2017-11-29
Genre:
ISBN: 9781973500353

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Magnum opus of paradoxes USA & Earth. Recreate 40 paradoxes of Zeno USA style. Include 1st 9 by Zeno. Add the 31 others by author. Posit paradox and then analyze. From number theory, infinity and finite, motion, time, space, ghosts, gossip, continuum, chance, gravity, magnets, riddles, words, life, death, monads, prime numbers, perception, and stuff. We cover it all, all the delusions of paradox.Preface sets scope of work. 40 paradoxes in order in two chapters. Chapter 1 covers Zeno's paradoxes, after laying out 8 prefatory statements and 3 Math assertions: ONE: Paradox of Denseness. TWO: Paradox of Finite Size. THREE: Paradox of Complete Divisibility. FOUR: Paradox of Dichotomy of Motion and Change in Position. FIVE: Achilles and the Tortoise. SIX: Paradox of the Arrow. SEVEN: Paradox of the Stadium. EIGHT: Paradox of Place. NINE: Paradox of the Grain of Millet. Chapter 2 offers 31 other paradoxes. TEN: Paradox of Even/Odd Rational Numbers. Show how rational numbers can be both even and odd. ELEVEN: Paradox of Prime Numbers. Show that all prime factors must come out to an even count. TWELVE: Paradox of Classes. Show that A and B for one thing need not be identical as a class. THIRTEEN: Paradox of Conventions. Show that conventions are sometimes necessary. FOURTEEN: Paradox of Continuums. Continuums are a problem. FIFTEEN: Paradox of Curves. We show that curves are really polygonal progression. SIXTEEN: Paradox of Algebra and Number. We show infinite series are invalid. SEVENTEEN: Paradox of Dot Lines. We speculate all lines may be dotted lines. EIGHTEEN: Paradox of Determinism. We show that Determinism is impossible. NINETEEN: Paradox of Intent and Lies. We show that intention and reality can create paradoxes. TWENTY: Paradox of Universals. We demonstrate that ideas are real. TWENTYONE: Paradox of Ordinals. We explain why ordinals can be infinite while cardinal numbers cannot. TWENTYTWO: Paradox of Blink. We suppose all motion and time come from a blinking universe. TWENTYTHREE: Paradox of Monads. We discuss monads. TWENTYFOUR: Paradox of Linguistic Monads. We discuss why language should be composed of basic terms. TWENTYFIVE: Paradox of Space. We surmise two types of space: infinite space and finite space. TWENTYSIX: Paradox of Causation. We note that particular causation cannot be proven, while the general assertion is an axiom. TWENTYSEVEN: Paradox of Life and Death. Here we show that life is not a part of death. TWENTYEIGHT: Paradox of Chance. We maintain chance is not possible. TWENTYNINE: Paradox of False Attributes. We discuss false attributes and events lead to paradoxes. THIRTY: Paradox of Perception. We discuss confusion about perception. THIRTYONE: Paradox of Opposites. We break opposites into two: positional and antagonistic. THIRTYTWO: Paradox of Time. We discuss time and its nature. THIRTYTHREE: Paradox of Gravitation. We discuss the absurdities of Newton's gravitation at a distance. THIRTYFOUR: Paradox of Dipolar Force. We speak of magnetism in terms of mechanical forces. THIRTYFIVE: Paradox of Reciprocal Progressions. We show that since all fractional proportions of the root of 2 are incremental, all fractional parts are commensurable. THIRTYSIX: Paradox of Even Numbers. We show that even numbers are always half of any set of all whole numbers. THIRTYSEVEN: Paradox of Limits and Asymptotes. The infinitesimal of Leibniz is absurd. The idea that limits get around this is nonsense. THIRTYEIGHT: Paradox of One or Many. Zeno supposed that since parts are unlike the whole, the whole cannot be composed of parts. THIRTYNINE: Paradox of Ghosts. We surmise ghosts have telepathic powers that create eidetic imagery in perceivers. FORTY: Paradox of Gossip. What is the difference between gossip and news? BONUS PARADOX: FORTYONE: Paradox of Einstein's Proof. We note Einstein is full of it.


Ten Years to Midnight

Ten Years to Midnight
Author: Blair H. Sheppard
Publisher: Berrett-Koehler Publishers
Total Pages: 156
Release: 2020-08-04
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1523088761

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“Shows how humans have brought us to the brink and how humanity can find solutions. I urge people to read with humility and the daring to act.” —Harpal Singh, former Chair, Save the Children, India, and former Vice Chair, Save the Children International In conversations with people all over the world, from government officials and business leaders to taxi drivers and schoolteachers, Blair Sheppard, global leader for strategy and leadership at PwC, discovered they all had surprisingly similar concerns. In this prescient and pragmatic book, he and his team sum up these concerns in what they call the ADAPT framework: Asymmetry of wealth; Disruption wrought by the unexpected and often problematic consequences of technology; Age disparities--stresses caused by very young or very old populations in developed and emerging countries; Polarization as a symptom of the breakdown in global and national consensus; and loss of Trust in the institutions that underpin and stabilize society. These concerns are in turn precipitating four crises: a crisis of prosperity, a crisis of technology, a crisis of institutional legitimacy, and a crisis of leadership. Sheppard and his team analyze the complex roots of these crises--but they also offer solutions, albeit often seemingly counterintuitive ones. For example, in an era of globalization, we need to place a much greater emphasis on developing self-sustaining local economies. And as technology permeates our lives, we need computer scientists and engineers conversant with sociology and psychology and poets who can code. The authors argue persuasively that we have only a decade to make headway on these problems. But if we tackle them now, thoughtfully, imaginatively, creatively, and energetically, in ten years we could be looking at a dawn instead of darkness.


A Budget of Paradoxes

A Budget of Paradoxes
Author: Augustus De Morgan
Publisher:
Total Pages: 504
Release: 2015-06-18
Genre:
ISBN: 9781514397152

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Augustus De Morgan was a British mathematician and logician. He formulated De Morgan's laws and introduced the term mathematical induction, making its idea rigorousFrom the introduction:"If I had before me a fly and an elephant, having never seen more than one such magnitude of either kind; and if the fly were to endeavor to persuade me that he was larger than the elephant, I might by possibility be placed in a difficulty. The apparently little creature might use such arguments about the effect of distance, and might appeal to such laws of sight and hearing as I, if unlearned in those things, might be unable wholly to reject. But if there were a thousand flies, all buzzing, to appearance, about the great creature; and, to a fly, declaring, each one for himself, that he was bigger than the quadruped; and all giving different and frequently contradictory reasons; and each one despising and opposing the reasons of the others-I should feel quite at my ease. I should certainly say, My little friends, the case of each one of you is destroyed by the rest. I intend to show flies in the swarm, with a few larger animals, for reasons to be given.In every age of the world there has been an established system, which has been opposed from time to time by isolated and dissentient reformers. The established system has sometimes fallen, slowly and gradually: it has either been upset by the rising influence of some one man, or it has been sapped by gradual change of opinion in the many.I have insisted on the isolated character of the dissentients, as an element of the a priori probabilities of the case. Show me a schism, especially a growing schism, and it is another thing. The homeopathists, for instance, shall be, if any one so think, as wrong as St. John Long; but an organized opposition, supported by the efforts of many acting in concert, appealing to common arguments and experience, with perpetual succession and a common seal, as the Queen says in the charter, is, be the merit of the schism what it may, a thing wholly different from the case of the isolated opponent in the mode of opposition to it which reason points out.During the last two centuries and a half, physical knowledge has been gradually made to rest upon a basis which it had not before. It has become mathematical. The question now is, not whether this or that hypothesis is better or worse to the pure thought, but whether it accords with observed phenomena in those consequences which can be shown necessarily to follow from it, if it be true. Even in those sciences which are not yet under the dominion of mathematics, and perhaps never will be, a working copy of the mathematical process has been made. This is not known to the followers of those sciences who are not themselves mathematicians and who very often exalt their horns against the mathematics in consequence. They might as well be squaring the circle, for any sense they show in this particular."


The Paradoxes of Zeno

The Paradoxes of Zeno
Author: John Acheson Faris
Publisher:
Total Pages: 152
Release: 1996
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN:

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In the 5th century BC Zeno of Elea propounded four arguments about motion leading to paradoxical propositions: that a finite distance cannot be traversed by a moving object, that a faster runner cannot overtake a slower one. that an arrow flight is at rest, that half a given time is equal to the whole. These paradoxes were intended as support for the doctrine of Parmenides that all apparent motion is illusory, and of the attempts that have been made to show wherein they are fallacious none has met with universal acceptance. In this work solutions are suggested for the first three paradoxes. There is an exposition of the atomic theory of space and time which has been thought to underlie the fourth, and attempts which some commentators have made to explain the fourth on that basis are examined.


The Paradoxes of Legal Science

The Paradoxes of Legal Science
Author: Benjamin Nathan Cardozo
Publisher:
Total Pages: 172
Release: 1928
Genre: Jurisprudence
ISBN:

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Paradoxes from A to Z

Paradoxes from A to Z
Author: Michael Clark
Publisher: Psychology Press
Total Pages: 234
Release: 2002
Genre: Paradox
ISBN: 9780415228084

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'This sentence is false'. Is it? If a hotel with an infinite number of rooms is fully occupied, can it still accommodate a new guest? How can we have emotional responses to fiction, when we know that the objects of our emotions do not exist?


Paradox

Paradox
Author: Doris Olin
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 233
Release: 2014-12-18
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 1317489233

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Paradoxes are more than just intellectual puzzles - they raise substantive philosophical issues and offer the promise of increased philosophical knowledge. In this introduction to paradox and paradoxes, Doris Olin shows how seductive paradoxes can be, why they confuse and confound, and why they continue to fascinate. Olin examines the nature of paradox, outlining a rigorous definition and providing a clear and incisive statement of what does and does not count as a resolution of a paradox. The view that a statement can be both true and false, that contradictions can be true, is seen to provide a challenge to the account of paradox resolution, and is explored. With this framework in place, the book then turns to an in-depth treatment of the Prediction Paradox, versions of the Preface/Fallibility Paradox, the Lottery Paradox, Newcomb's Problem, the Prisoner's Dilemma and the Sorites Paradox. Each of these paradoxes is shown to have considerable philosophical punch. Olin unpacks the central arguments in a clear and systematic fashion, offers original analyses and solutions, and exposes further unsettling implications for some of our most deep-seated principles and convictions.