Nuclear Policy Review Background Papers PDF Download

Four excellent up-to-date reports on America's nuclear arsenal have been professionally converted for accurate flowing-text e-book format reproduction - this compilation is not a print replica, and thus it is suitable for all devices. Contents: U.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces: Background, Developments, and Issues - November 2018 * Nonstrategic Nuclear Weapons - January 2019 * Nuclear Posture Review (NPR) February 2018 * The National Defense Strategy and the Nuclear Posture Review: House Hearing.U.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces: Background, Developments, and Issues - November 2018 - The Strategic Triad * Force Structure and Size During the Cold War * Force Structure and Size After the Cold War * Current and Future Force Structure and Size * Strategic Nuclear Delivery Vehicles: Post-Cold War Reductions and Current Modernization Programs * Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs) * Peacekeeper (MX) * Minuteman III * Minuteman Modernization Programs * Ground-Based Strategic Deterrent (GBSD) * Submarine Launched Ballistic Missiles * The SSGN Program * The Backfit Program * Basing Changes * Warhead Loadings * Modernization Plans and Programs * The Ohio Replacement Program (ORP) Program * Bombers * B-1 Bomber * B-2 Bomber * B-52 Bomber * B-21 Bomber * Sustaining the Nuclear Weapons Enterprise * Issues for Congress * Force Size * Force Structure * The Cost of Nuclear WeaponsNonstrategic Nuclear Weapons - January 2019 - The Distinction Between Strategic and Nonstrategic Nuclear Weapons * Definition by Observable Capabilities * Definition by Exclusion * Hybrid Definitions * U.S. and Soviet Nonstrategic Nuclear Weapons * U.S. Nonstrategic Nuclear Weapons During the Cold War * Strategy and Doctrine * Force Structure * Soviet Nonstrategic Nuclear Weapons During the Cold War * Strategy and Doctrine * Force Structure * The 1991 Presidential Nuclear Initiatives * U.S. Initiative * Soviet and Russian Initiatives * U.S. Nonstrategic Nuclear Weapons after the Cold War * Strategy and Doctrine * Force Structure * Russian Nonstrategic Nuclear Weapons after the Cold War * Strategy and Doctrine * Force Structure * Changing the Focus of the Debate * Issues for Congress * Safety and Security of Russian Nonstrategic Nuclear Weapons * The Role of Nonstrategic Nuclear Weapons in Russia's National Security Policy * The Role of Nonstrategic Nuclear Weapons in U.S. National Security Policy * The Role of Nonstrategic Nuclear Weapons in NATO Policy and Alliance Strategy * The Relationship Between Nonstrategic Nuclear Weapons and U.S. Nonproliferation Policy * Arms Control Options * Increase Transparency * Negotiate a Formal Treaty * Prospects for Arms ControlAt the present time, the U.S. land-based ballistic missile force (ICBMs) consists of 400 land-based Minuteman III ICBMs, each deployed with one warhead, spread among a total of 450 operational launchers. This force is consistent with the New START Treaty. The Air Force is also modernizing the Minuteman missiles, replacing and upgrading their rocket motors, guidance systems, and other components, so that they can remain in the force through 2030. It plans to replace the missiles with a new Ground-based Strategic Deterrent around 2029. The U.S. ballistic missile submarine fleet currently consists of 14 Trident submarines. Each has been modified to carry 20 Trident II (D-5) missiles-a reduction from 24 missiles per submarine-to meet the launcher limits in the New START Treaty. The Navy converted 4 of the original 18 Trident submarines to carry non-nuclear cruise missiles. Nine of the submarines are deployed in the Pacific Ocean and five are in the Atlantic. The Navy also has undertaken efforts to extend the life of the missiles and warheads so that they and the submarines can remain in the fleet past 2020. It is designing a new Columbia class submarine that will replace the existing fleet beginning in 2031.