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Nonperforming Loans in the GCC Banking System and their Macroeconomic Effects

Nonperforming Loans in the GCC Banking System and their Macroeconomic Effects
Author: Mr.Raphael A. Espinoza
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 26
Release: 2010-10-01
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1455208892

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According to a dynamic panel estimated over 1995 - 2008 on around 80 banks in the GCC region, the NPL ratio worsens as economic growth becomes lower and interest rates and risk aversion increase. Our model implies that the cumulative effect of macroeconomic shocks over a three year horizon is indeed large. Firm-specific factors related to risk-taking and efficiency are also related to future NPLs. The paper finally investigates the feedback effect of increasing NPLs on growth using a VAR model. According to the panel VAR, there could be a strong, albeit short-lived feedback effect from losses in banks’ balance sheets on economic activity, with a semi-elasticity of around 0.4.


Non-Performing Loans in CESEE

Non-Performing Loans in CESEE
Author: Nir Klein
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 27
Release: 2013-03-20
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1484388631

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The paper investigates the non-performing loans (NPLs) in Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe (CESEE) in the period of 1998–2011. The paper finds that the level of NPLs can be attributed to both macroeconomic conditions and banks’ specific factors, though the latter set of factors was found to have a relatively low explanatory power. The examination of the feedback effects broadly confirms the strong macro-financial linkages in the region. While NPLs were found to respond to macroeconomic conditions, such as GDP growth, unemployment, and inflation, the analysis also indicates that there are strong feedback effects from the banking system to the real economy, thus suggesting that the high NPLs that many CESEE countries currently face adversely affect the pace economic recovery.


Nonperforming Loans and Macrofinancial Vulnerabilities in Advanced Economies

Nonperforming Loans and Macrofinancial Vulnerabilities in Advanced Economies
Author: Ms.Mwanza Nkusu
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 28
Release: 2011-07-01
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1455297747

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We analyze the link between nonperforming loans (NPL) and macroeconomic performance using two complementary approaches. First, we investigate the macroeconomic determinants of NPL in panel regressions and confirm that adverse macroeconomic developments are associated with rising NPL. Second, we investigate the feedback between NPL and its macroeconomic determinants in a panel vector autoregressive (PVAR) model. The impulse response functions (IRFs) attribute to NPL a central role in the linkages between credit market frictions and macrofinancial vulnerability. They suggest that a sharp increase in NPL triggers long-lived tailwinds that cripple macroeconomic performance from several fronts.


Non-Performing Loans in the ECCU

Non-Performing Loans in the ECCU
Author: Ms.Kimberly Beaton
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 33
Release: 2016-11-17
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1475555733

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This paper assesses the determinants of NPLs in the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union (ECCU) and whether a deterioration in asset quality may result in negative feedback effects from the banking system to economic activity. The results suggest that the deterioration in asset quality can be attributed to both macroeconomic and bank-specific factors. Banks with stronger profitability and lower exposure to the construction sector and household loans tend to have lower NPLs. Further, some evidence indicates that foreign owned banks systematically have lower NPLs than domestic banks, pointing to the presence of important differences across bank practices with an impact on asset quality. Finally, the results emphasize the strength of macrofinancial feedback loops in the ECCU.


An Empirical Investigation of Oil-Macro-Financial Linkages in Saudi Arabia

An Empirical Investigation of Oil-Macro-Financial Linkages in Saudi Arabia
Author: Mr.Ken Miyajima
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 23
Release: 2016-02-12
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1498330320

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Oil-macro-financial linkages in Saudi Arabia are analyzed by applying panel econometric frameworks (multivariate and vector autoregression) to maceoeconomic and bank-level balance sheet data for 9 banks spanning 1999–2014. Lower growth of oil prices and non-oil private sector output leads to slower credit and deposit growth and higher nonperforming loan ratios, with feedback loops within bank balance sheets which in turn dampens economic activity. U.S. interest rates are not found to be a key determinant.


Nonperforming Loans in Asia and Europe—Causes, Impacts, and Resolution Strategies

Nonperforming Loans in Asia and Europe—Causes, Impacts, and Resolution Strategies
Author: Asian Development Bank
Publisher: Asian Development Bank
Total Pages: 262
Release: 2021-12-01
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9292691163

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High and persistent levels of nonperforming loans (NPLs) have featured prominently in recent financial crises. This book traces NPL trends during and after crises, examines the economic impact of high NPLs, and compares the effectiveness of NPL resolution strategies across economies in Asia and Europe. The book distills important lessons from the experiences of economies using case studies and empirical investigation of ways to resolve NPLs. These findings can be invaluable in charting a course through the financial and economic fallout of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic to recovery and sustained financial stability in Asia, Europe, and beyond.


Resolving Nonperforming Loans in Sub-Saharan Africa in the Aftermath of the COVID-19 Crisis

Resolving Nonperforming Loans in Sub-Saharan Africa in the Aftermath of the COVID-19 Crisis
Author: Luc Eyraud
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 85
Release: 2021-06-08
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1513576518

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Sub-Saharan African countries are facing an unprecedented health and economic crisis that is likely to severely hurt credit quality and raise non-performing loans from already high levels. Banks have a critical role to play not only during the crisis by providing temporarily relief to businesses and households, but also during the recovery by supporting economic activity and facilitating the structural transformations engaged by the pandemic.


The GCC Banking Sector

The GCC Banking Sector
Author: Abdullah Al-Hassan
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 47
Release: 2010-04-01
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1451982615

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In this paper, we analyze the evolution of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) banking sectors in the six member countries including ownership, concentration, cross-border linkages, balance sheet exposures and risks, recent trends in credit growth, and financial soundness. We identify risks to the banking sector's financial stability in the context of the current global crisis and their mitigating factors.


Bank Asset Quality in Emerging Markets

Bank Asset Quality in Emerging Markets
Author: Mr.Reinout De Bock
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 27
Release: 2012-03-01
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1475592302

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This paper assesses the vulnerability of emerging markets and their banks to aggregate shocks. We find significant links between banks' asset quality, credit and macroeconomic aggregates. Lower economic growth, an exchange rate depreciation, weaker terms of trade and a fall in debt-creating capital inflows reduce credit growth while loan quality deteriorates. Particularly noteworthy is the sharp deterioration of balance sheets following a reversal of portfolio inflows. We also find evidence of feedback effects from the financial sector on the wider economy. GDP growth falls after shocks that drive non-performing loans higher or generate a contraction in credit. This analysis was used in chapter 1 of the Global Financial Stability Report (September 2011) to help evaluate the sensitivity of banks' capital adequacy ratios to macroeconomic and funding cost shocks.


A Strategy for Resolving Europe's Problem Loans

A Strategy for Resolving Europe's Problem Loans
Author: Mr.Shekhar Aiyar
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 79
Release: 2015-09-24
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1513511653

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Europe’s banking system is weighed down by high levels of non-performing loans (NPLs), which are holding down credit growth and economic activity. This discussion note uses a new survey of European country authorities and banks to examine the structural obstacles that discourage banks from addressing their problem loans. A three pillared strategy is advocated to remedy the situation, comprising: (i) tightened supervisory policies, (ii) insolvency reforms, and (iii) the development of distressed debt markets.