New Foundations Of Ontology PDF Download
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Author | : Gustav Bergmann |
Publisher | : Univ of Wisconsin Press |
Total Pages | : 404 |
Release | : 1992 |
Genre | : Philosophy |
ISBN | : 9780299131302 |
Download New Foundations of Ontology Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This posthumous work by Gustav Bergmann was essentially complete before his death in 1987. In it, he proposes a systematic ontological system that would account for all the basic areas of human thought and experience within an extended framework of logical atomism. Bergmann's approach to traditional problems of ontology seeks to balance the competing demands of phenomenology, which emphasizes the reality presented to us by experience, and of metaphysics, which delineates the most general kinds of existents given in experience and the most general kinds of relationships they bear to one another. Beginning with atomic facts composed of phenomenally presented qualities, Bergmann goes on to develop an ontology that can account for the ordinary objects of everyday experience, the mental states through which we become aware of and acquire knowledge of these objects, and even the truths of logic and mathematics that allow us to extend our thought and discourse about ordinary objects beyond what may be phenomenally apparent. Many ontologists will be particularly interested in the attention Bergmann pays to the concept of logical form. In his earlier works, Bergmann claimed that "the form of the world is in the world"; the "fact" that a thing or a complex has a certain logical or syntactic form, he argued, is itself one more fact of our experienced reality, rather than a contribution of the mind or of linguistic conventions. Critics of this claim have suggested that paradoxes and contradictions result from it. In New Foundations of Ontology Bergmann responds, arguing that his concept of logical form does not necessarily create the problems noted in earlier critiques.
Author | : David Chalmers |
Publisher | : Oxford University Press on Demand |
Total Pages | : 540 |
Release | : 2009-02-19 |
Genre | : Language Arts & Disciplines |
ISBN | : 0199546045 |
Download Metametaphysics Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Metaphysics asks questions about existence: for example, do numbers really exist? Metametaphysics asksquestions about metaphysics: for example, do its questions have determinate answers? If so, are these answers deep and important, or are they merely a matter of how we use words? What is the proper methodology for their resolution? These questions have received a heightened degree of attention lately with new varieties of ontological deflationism and pluralism challenging the kind of realism that has become orthodoxy in contemporary analytic metaphysics.This volume concerns the status and ambitions of metaphysics as a discipline. It brings together many of the central figures in the debate with their most recent work on the semantics, epistemology, and methodology of metaphysics.
Author | : Nicolai Hartmann |
Publisher | : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG |
Total Pages | : 375 |
Release | : 2019-10-21 |
Genre | : Philosophy |
ISBN | : 3110627353 |
Download Ontology: Laying the Foundations Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
It is no exaggeration to say that of the early 20th century German philosophers who claimed to establish a new ontology, former neo-Kantian turned realist Nicolai Hartmann is the only one to have actually followed through. "Ontology: Laying the Foundations" deals with "what is insofar as it is," and its four parts tackle traditional ontological assumptions and prejudices and traditional categories such as substance, thing, individual, whole, object, and phenomenon; a novel redefinition of existence and essence in terms of the ontological factors Dasein and Sosein and their interrelations; an analysis of modes of "givenness" and the ontological embeddedness of cognition in affective transcendent acts; and a discussion of the status of ideal being, including mathematical being, phenomenological essences, logical laws, values, and the interconnections between the ideal and real spheres. Hartmann’s work offers rich resources for those interested in overcoming the human-centeredness of much 20th century philosophy. Hartmann’s work offers rich resources for those interested in overcoming the human-centeredness of much 20th century philosophy.
Author | : P. Hitzler |
Publisher | : IOS Press |
Total Pages | : 388 |
Release | : 2016-09-16 |
Genre | : Computers |
ISBN | : 1614996768 |
Download Ontology Engineering with Ontology Design Patterns: Foundations and Applications Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The use of ontologies for data and knowledge organization has become ubiquitous in many data-intensive and knowledge-driven application areas, in science, industry, and the humanities. At the same time, ontology engineering best practices continue to evolve. In particular, modular ontology modeling based on ontology design patterns is establishing itself as an approach for creating versatile and extendable ontologies for data management and integration. This book is the very first comprehensive treatment of Ontology Engineering with Ontology Design Patterns. It contains both advanced and introductory material accessible for readers with only a minimal background in ontology modeling. Some introductory material is written in the style of tutorials, and specific chapters are devoted to examples and to applications. Other chapters convey the state of the art in research regarding ontology design patterns. The editors and the contributing authors include the leading contributors to the development of ontology-design-pattern-driven ontology engineering.
Author | : Sean Morris |
Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
Total Pages | : 221 |
Release | : 2018-12-13 |
Genre | : History |
ISBN | : 110715250X |
Download Quine, New Foundations, and the Philosophy of Set Theory Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Provides an accessible mathematical and philosophical account of Quine's set theory, New Foundations.
Author | : Daniel Little |
Publisher | : Springer Nature |
Total Pages | : 187 |
Release | : 2020-07-07 |
Genre | : Political Science |
ISBN | : 303048923X |
Download A New Social Ontology of Government Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This book provides a better understanding of some of the central puzzles of empirical political science: how does “government” express will and purpose? How do political institutions come to have effective causal powers in the administration of policy and regulation? What accounts for both plasticity and perseverance of political institutions and practices? And how are we to formulate a better understanding of the persistence of dysfunctions in government and public administration – failures to achieve public goods, the persistence of self-dealing behavior by the actors of the state, and the apparent ubiquity of corruption even within otherwise high-functioning governments?
Author | : E. J. Lowe |
Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
Total Pages | : 237 |
Release | : 2006 |
Genre | : Philosophy |
ISBN | : 0199254397 |
Download The Four-Category Ontology Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
E. J. Lowe sets out and defends his theory of what there is. His four-category ontology is a metaphysical system that recognizes two fundamental categorial distinctions which cut across each other to generate four fundamental ontological categories. The distinctions are between the particular and the universal and between the substantial and the non-substantial. The four categories thus generated are substantial particulars, non-substantial particulars, substantial universals andnon-substantial universals. Non-substantial universals include properties and relations, conceived as universals. Non-substantial particulars include property-instances and relation-instances, otherwise known as non-relational and relational tropes or modes. Substantial particulars include propertiedindividuals, the paradigm examples of which are persisting, concrete objects. Substantial universals are otherwise known as substantial kinds and include as paradigm examples natural kinds of persisting objects.This ontology has a lengthy pedigree, many commentators attributing it to Aristotle on the basis of certain passages in his apparently early work, the Categories. At various times during the history of Western philosophy, it has been revived or rediscovered, but it has never found universal favour, perhaps on account of its apparent lack of parsimony as well as its commitment to universals. In pursuit of ontological economy, metaphysicians have generally preferred to recognize fewerthan four fundamental ontological categories. However, Occam's razor stipulates only that we should not multiply entities beyond necessity; Lowe argues that the four-category ontology has an explanatory power unrivalled by more parsimonious systems, and that this counts decisively in its favour. He shows thatit provides a powerful explanatory framework for a unified account of causation, dispositions, natural laws, natural necessity and many other related matters, such as the semantics of counterfactual conditionals and the character of the truthmaking relation. As such, it constitutes a thoroughgoing metaphysical foundation for natural science.
Author | : Andreas Tolk |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 379 |
Release | : 2012-08-10 |
Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
ISBN | : 3642311407 |
Download Ontology, Epistemology, and Teleology for Modeling and Simulation Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
In this book, internationally recognized experts in philosophy of science, computer science, and modeling and simulation are contributing to the discussion on how ontology, epistemology, and teleology will contribute to enable the next generation of intelligent modeling and simulation applications. It is well understood that a simulation can provide the technical means to display the behavior of a system over time, including following observed trends to predict future possible states, but how reliable and trustworthy are such predictions? The questions about what we can know (ontology), how we gain new knowledge (epistemology), and what we do with this knowledge (teleology) are therefore illuminated from these very different perspectives, as each experts uses a different facet to look at these challenges. The result of bringing these perspectives into one book is a challenging compendium that gives room for a spectrum of challenges: from general philosophy questions, such as can we use modeling and simulation and other computational means at all to discover new knowledge, down to computational methods to improve semantic interoperability between systems or methods addressing how to apply the recent insights of service oriented approaches to support distributed artificial intelligence. As such, this book has been compiled as an entry point to new domains for students, scholars, and practitioners and to raise the curiosity in them to learn more to fully address the topics of ontology, epistemology, and teleology from philosophical, computational, and conceptual viewpoints.
Author | : Trenton Merricks |
Publisher | : Oxford University Press on Demand |
Total Pages | : 221 |
Release | : 2007-04-19 |
Genre | : Philosophy |
ISBN | : 019920523X |
Download Truth and Ontology Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
A central question in philosophy is whether and how truth depends on the world. In isolation this question is so abstract that it is hard to address in an illuminating way. Instead, Trenton Merricks looks at how answers to this question bear on a variety of other philosophical debates. The result is a well-grounded discussion of the nature of truth that in its turn casts new light on these philosophical debates themselves.
Author | : NICOLAI. HARTMANN |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 2018 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9781033037478 |
Download NEW WAYS OF ONTOLOGY Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle