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Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Cognitive Behavioural Phenotypes

Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Cognitive Behavioural Phenotypes
Author: Daria Riva
Publisher: John Libbey Eurotext
Total Pages: 161
Release: 2005-06-01
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 2742013415

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In recent years our approach to neurodevelopmental disorders has undergone extraordinary change. This has resulted from tremendous progress in various different disciplines including developmental neuroscience, behavioural and molecular genetics, and developmental neurobiology, and from the very high quality now achievable in neuroimaging and neurophysiological techniques. This publication aims to provide a concise and interdisciplinary approach to the study of the different cognitive/behavioural phenotypes encountered in a wide range of neurodevelopmental disorders. Starting from methodological, nosographic, and assessment premises, the book deals with selected disorders of a defined but still complex genetic aetiology, and concludes with a description of the neuropsychiatric disorders that are most commonly encountered during development.


The Wiley Handbook on What Works for Offenders with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

The Wiley Handbook on What Works for Offenders with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Author: William R. Lindsay
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 479
Release: 2019-12-16
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 1119316235

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Brings together the growing amount of evidence on the assessment and treatment of offenders with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Written by a team of international experts, this comprehensive and informative book provides a contemporary picture of evidence-based practice for offenders with intellectual and developmental disabilities. By adopting a scientist-practitioner position directed at an academic level with practitioner guidelines, it provides a valuable reference source for professionals from allied disciplines who are using or seeking to apply research for this client group. The Wiley Handbook of What Works for Offenders with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: An Evidence Based Approach to Theory, Assessment and Treatment is divided into five sections: Introduction, Phenotypes & Genotypes and Offending Behavior, Validated Assessments, Treatment, and Conclusions. The Introduction offers an overview of the entire book and is followed by a second overview covering the ethics of evidence-based practice. After that come chapters on protecting the rights of people with intellectual disabilities in correctional settings, and behavioral and cognitive phenotypes in genetic disorders associated with offending. The third part of the book studies the assessment of individuals with anger and violence issues, inappropriate sexual behavior, alcohol abuse, and emotional difficulties. Next comes a section that looks how to offenders can be treated. The final section discusses future directions and requirements for offenders with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Provides an overview of the ethical challenges and issues faced by those who work with intellectually and developmentally disabled offenders Focuses on proof of treatment effectiveness and validation of assessment methods to direct readers toward "What Works" Features contributions from authors across the entire English-speaking world including the UK, US, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand The Wiley Handbook of What Works for Offenders with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: An Evidence Based Approach to Theory, Assessment and Treatment will appeal to all who work in the field of offenders with intellectual and developmental disabilities, including nursing staff, social workers and probation officers, medical and psychology staff, and more.


Treatment of Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Treatment of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Author: Randi Jenssen Hagerman
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Total Pages: 401
Release: 2014
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 019993780X

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This cutting-edge book brings advances in genetics, neurobiology, and psychopharmacology to the clinic to enhance treatment for neurodevelopmental disorders. Significant progress has been made in identifying the neurobiological mechanisms of several disorders and targeted treatments are modifying the outcome of these disorders. However, the ability to utilize this knowledge has not been summarized in one place for the practicing clinician. This book will fill that gap by providing the theoretical underpinnings and the latest advances in targeted treatments. Several neurodevelopmental disorders are reviewed in detail including clinical features and behavioral phenotypes, standard treatments and new targeted treatments based on the latest advances in neurobiology and the animal model studies that have lead to new treatments. The disorders covered include psychiatric disorders: schizophrenia, depression, autism and ADHD; single gene disorders including Tuberous Sclerosis, Fragile X Syndrome and fragile X- associated disorders, Angelman Syndrome, PKU, and Muscular Dystrophies; and complex genetic disorders such as Down syndrome. This book also highlights the commonalities across disorders and new genetic and molecular concepts in an easy to read format. This is a very exciting time for new targeted treatments and this volume is a landmark treatise on this new age of treatment.


Neural Substrates of Impaired Behavioral Inhibition in Williams Syndrome, a Disorder of Social Cognition

Neural Substrates of Impaired Behavioral Inhibition in Williams Syndrome, a Disorder of Social Cognition
Author: Kari Hanson
Publisher:
Total Pages: 134
Release: 2017
Genre:
ISBN:

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The evolution of the human brain has yielded advanced cognitive capacities supporting the development of language, technologically advanced material culture, and highly complex social behavior that has allowed for the development of the rich diversity of human cultures. Comparative neuroanatomy in evolutionary perspective continues to make great strides in characterizing and defining unique elements of the human neuroanatomical phenotype at the gross and microscopic level that underlie these key behavioral adaptations. In conjunction with these studies, an understanding of the functional implications of derived anatomical traits is gained through analyses of neurodevelopmental disorders, which help to define a spectrum of variation in the diversity of human brain phenotypes. Williams syndrome (WS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a hemideletion of ~1.6 Mb (25-28 genes) on human chromosome 7q11.23, a highly dynamic region associated with recent adaptive selection in hominoid lineages. Analyzing the neuroanatomical phenotype in WS provides the unique opportunity to study correlates of a distinctive cognitive and behavioral phenotype in a neurodevelopmental disorder of known genetic cause. Among the most notable behavioral phenotypes observed in WS is a generalized disinhibition of social behavior, likely rooted in the dysfunction of frontostriatal circuitry. We targeted the rostral territories of the striatum in that share important connectivity with the prefrontal cortex in reward circuitry. We provide new evidence for variation in neuroanatomy in WS underlying its unusual social and cognitive phenotype. Specifically, we found increased glial cell density in the caudate nucleus of the striatum, as well as a significant increase in the density of oligodendrocytes in the medial caudate nucleus, likely related to dysfunctional connectivity with the prefrontal cortex. We additionally found a decrease in the density of cholinergic interneurons in the medial caudate nucleus, which may serve important functions in the regulation of social interaction. These data suggest that deficits in behavioral control may be linked to dysfunction of local circuitry within the striatum in WS, mediated by imbalance between neuronal and glial cell density and interneuron function, which may underlie important differences in social behavior.


Behavioural Phenotypes in Clinical Practice

Behavioural Phenotypes in Clinical Practice
Author: Gregory O'Brien
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 260
Release: 2002-01-21
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 9781898683278

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Clinics in Developmental Medicine No. 157 Clinicians, educators and other specialists who work with young people with intellectual disabilities are increasingly aware of the extent to which their clients' behaviours are shaped by the respective causal syndrome. This book is a practical response to the need for interventions and ongoing care programmes to take account of this within the context of coordinated multimodal case planning. An international team of experts drawn from child health, special education, psychology, psychiatry and related disciplines explores general principles of case management, in addition to giving consideration to a large number of individual syndromes, resulting in a comprehensive review of the subject. All of the authors have been involved in original research on the themes explored, and in the development of coherent service responses to the challenges posed by behavioural phenotypes. This will be essential reading for all professionals engaged in the care and management of people with intellectual disabilities.


Cognitive and behavourial neurology in developmental age

Cognitive and behavourial neurology in developmental age
Author: Daria Riva
Publisher: John Libbey Eurotext
Total Pages: 383
Release: 2015-03-01
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 274201442X

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An exhaustive review of a fast-growing discipline: cognitive and behavioural neurology Cognitive and behavioural neurology is increasingly the focus of attention from the neurosciences, both in adults and children.This field combines a number of specialties to ensure that neurological conditions are approached from different standpoints. Appropriate cognitive/behavioural evaluation methods should based upon the known characteristics of neuropathology, molecular genetics and neurophysiology of the disorders. This book provides an update on neurocognitive and behavioural deficits observed in developmental neurology: epilepsy,brain malformations,tumours,autistic spectrum disorders,syndromic and non-syndromic intellectual disabilities,cerebral palsyCNS progressive disorders. It aims to describe cognitive/behavioural phenotypes, define indications for treatment and rehabilitation, and enhance knowledge acquired from clinical studies. The contents are addressed to child neurologists and psychiatrists, psychologists, paediaricians, behavioural and speech therapists.


Forensic Psychiatry

Forensic Psychiatry
Author: John Gunn
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 1039
Release: 2014-01-06
Genre: Law
ISBN: 0340806281

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Highly Commended, BMA Medical Book Awards 2014 Comprehensive and erudite, Forensic Psychiatry: Clinical, Legal and Ethical Issues, Second Edition is a practical guide to the psychiatry of offenders, victims, and survivors of crime. This landmark publication has been completely updated but retains all the features that made the first edition such a well-established text. It integrates the clinical, legal, and ethical aspects of forensic psychiatry with contributions from internationally regarded experts from a range of clinical professions. The Second Edition features updates to all current chapters and several new chapters that explore: The genetics of antisocial behavior Disorders of brain structure and function that relate to crime Offenders with intellectual disabilities Older people and the criminal justice system Deviant and mentally ill staff Although the book focuses on jurisdictions in the UK, a substantial comparative chapter written by an international group from all five continents explores the different philosophies, legal principles, and style of services elsewhere. This book is an essential reference for specialists and postgraduate trainees in forensic psychiatry but also for general psychiatrists, and clinical and forensic psychologists. It is also an invaluable resource for other forensic mental health professionals, including nurses, social workers, occupational therapists, probation service staff, police, attorneys, criminologists, and sociologists.


Oxford Textbook of the Psychiatry of Intellectual Disability

Oxford Textbook of the Psychiatry of Intellectual Disability
Author: Sabayasachi Bhaumik
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 345
Release: 2020-02-05
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 019251346X

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Intellectual Disability (ID) describes a lifelong condition of heterogeneous aetiology, associated with the impairment of intellectual functioning (IQ


Mental retardation

Mental retardation
Author: D. Riva
Publisher: John Libbey Eurotext
Total Pages: 240
Release: 2008-06-01
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 2742009450

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Essentials of Adaptive Behavior Assessment of Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Essentials of Adaptive Behavior Assessment of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Author: Celine A. Saulnier
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 208
Release: 2018-04-03
Genre: Education
ISBN: 1119075556

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A practical guide to adaptive behaviors across a range of neurodevelopmental disorders Adaptive behavior assessment measures independent living skills, including communication, social skills, personal care, and practical work skills. For individuals with intellectual disabilities, evaluation of these skills is a critical tool for measuring eligibility and can identify specific skills that must be learned before effective educational interventions can be implemented. Essentials of Adaptive Behavior Assessment of Neurodevelopmental Disorders describes the role of adaptive behavior in assessment and treatment, and provides clear guidance for measurement. Case samples provide real-world illustration of behaviors and assessment, and systematic comparison of various measures are presented and explained to better inform planning. Individual chapters outline specific adaptive behaviors across a range of neurodevelopmental disorders, giving clinicians, practitioners, students, and researchers a better understanding of diagnostic differentials and how to place independent skill programming in treatment and intervention. Plan intervention and treatment based on accessible measurement guidelines across a range of disorders Gain a deeper understanding of adaptive functioning specific to ADHD, autism spectrum disorders, disruptive behavior disorders, and genetic disorders Compare and contrast current measures to evaluate their strengths, weaknesses, and areas of overlap Quickly locate essential information with Rapid Reference and Caution boxes For individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders, adaptive behaviors are the keys to independence; without them, these individuals will perpetually struggle with achieving optimum independence without the basic skills needed to function at home, in school, and in the community. Assessment allows these skills to be factored in to treatment and intervention planning, and can help improve the outcomes of other intervention methods. Essentials of Adaptive Behavior Assessment of Neurodevelopmental Disorders clarifies the assessment of these important behaviors, helping clinicians make more informed decisions around diagnosis, education, and treatment planning.