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Networking of Mutagens in Environmental Toxicology

Networking of Mutagens in Environmental Toxicology
Author: Kavindra Kumar Kesari
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 183
Release: 2019-05-25
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 3319965115

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This book covers the latest environmental issues based on current research objectives. All chapters are fundamentally interlinked and focus on deciphering the networking of mutagens in environmental toxicity and human health. Our changing environment, climate, and lifestyle factors are growing concerns in the 21st century. The existing mutagens, either physical or chemical, are responsible for environmental toxicity. These toxicants are carcinogenic and not limited to naturally occurring chemicals or biologicals, but can also be man-made, such as 'radiation'. The networking of mutagens can have a broad range of effects on both the environment and human health. Accordingly, the respective chapters explore the networking of mutagens in connection with environmental toxicity, and address: 1. Extant types of man-made radiation and their effects on the environment and biological systems2. Heavy metal contaminations: Effects on environmental health3. Networking of environmental pollutants in the air, dust, soil, water, and natural toxins in the environment: Exposure and health4. The molecular interaction of environmental carcinogens with DNA: An oncoinformatics approach5. Fundamentals of nonotoxicity, carcinogenicity, mutagenic and neurotoxicity in environmental health6. The role of antioxidants and medicinal plants in reducing the impacts of disease-causing pollutants A sequel to Perspectives in Environmental Toxicology, this book highlights the latest developments in the field of environmental toxicology. It offers a valuable resource for researchers, scholars and graduate students alike.


Chemical Consequences

Chemical Consequences
Author: Scott Frickel
Publisher: Rutgers University Press
Total Pages: 220
Release: 2004
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 9780813534138

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Hereis the first historical and sociological account of the formation of an interdisciplinary science known as genetic toxicology, and of the scientists' social movement that created it. After research geneticists discovered that synthetic chemicals were capable of changing the genetic structure of living organisms, scientists began to explore how these chemicals affected gene structure and function. In the late 1960s, a small group of biologists became concerned that chemical mutagens represented a serious and possibly global environmental threat. Genetic toxicology is nurtured as much by public culture as by professional practices, reflecting the interplay of genetics research and environmental politics. Drawing on a wealth of resources, Scott Frickel examines the creation of this field through the lens of social movement theory. He reveals how a committed group of scientist-activists transformed chemical mutagens into environmental problems, mobilized existing research networks, recruited scientists and politicians, secured financial resources, and developed new ways of acquiring knowledge. The result is a book that vividly illustrates how science and activism were interwoven to create a discipline that remains a defining feature of environmental health science.


Chemical Mutagens

Chemical Mutagens
Author: Alexander Hollaender
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 316
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 1461321476

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Volume 9 of Chemical Mutagens consists mainly of chapters discussing the development and validation of short-term assays to detect the mutagenic effects of environmental chemicals. These chapters include an assay with the grasshopper neuroblast, a comparison of mutagenic responses of human lung-derived and skin-derived diploid fibroblasts, a forward-mutation assay in Salmonella, a multigene sporulation test in Bacillus subtilis, a specific locus assay in mouse lymphoma cells, a study of the induction of bacteriophage lambda, and the granuloma pouch assay. In addition, there are two chapters on the identification of mutagens in cooked food and in human feces. Frederick 1. de Serres Research Triangle Park, North Carolina vii Contents Chapter 1 The Grasshopper Neuroblast Short-Term Assay for Evaluating the Effects of Environmental Chemicals on Chromosomes and Cell Kinetics 1 Mary Esther Gaulden, Jan C. Liang, and Martha J. Ferguson 1. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2. Embryo Supply. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2. 1. Species. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2. 2. Origin of Colonies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2. 3. Life Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2. 4. Colony Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2. 5. Pathology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2. 6. Allergy to Grasshoppers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 3. Grasshopper Egg, Embryo, and Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 3. 1. The Egg Shell and Membranes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 3. 2. Embryonic Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 3. 3. Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 4. Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 4. 1. Exposure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 4. 2. Preparation of Embryos for Cell Analysis . . . . . . . . . 34 4. 3. Analysis of Mutagen Effects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 . . . 5. Response of the Grasshopper Neuroblast to Mutagens . . . . 50 5. 1. Reproducibility of Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 5. 2. Radiation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 5. 3. Chemical Mutagens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


Environmental Mutagen Information Center (EMIC) Database

Environmental Mutagen Information Center (EMIC) Database
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 199?
Genre: Genetic toxicology
ISBN:

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EMIC is a bibliographic database available on the National Library of Medicine's (NLM) Toxicology Data Network (TOXNET). It covers chemical, biological, and physical agents that have been tested for genotoxic activity, and it contains nearly 100,000 references to literature published since 1965.


Genetic Toxicology Testing

Genetic Toxicology Testing
Author: Ray Proudlock
Publisher: Academic Press
Total Pages: 458
Release: 2016-05-28
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0128010061

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Genetic Toxicology Testing: A Laboratory Manual presents a practical guide to genetic toxicology testing of chemicals in a GLP environment. The most commonly used assays are described, from laboratory and test design to results analysis. In a methodical manner, individual test methods are described step-by-step, along with equipment, suggested suppliers, recipes for reagents, and evaluation criteria. An invaluable resource in the lab, this book will help to troubleshoot any assay problems you may encounter to optimise quality and efficiency in your genetic toxicology tests. Genetic Toxicology Testing: A Laboratory Manual is an essential reference for those new to the genetic toxicology laboratory, or anyone involved in setting up their own. Offers practical and consistent guidance on the most commonly-performed tests and procedures in a genetic toxicology lab Describes standard genetic toxicology assays, their methodology, reagents, suppliers, and analysis of their results Includes guidance on general approaches: formulation for in vitro assays, study monitoring, and Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) Serves as an essential reference for those new to the genetic toxicology laboratory, or anyone involved in setting up their own lab


Environmental Epigenetics

Environmental Epigenetics
Author: L. Joseph Su
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 327
Release: 2015-05-18
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 1447166787

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This book examines the toxicological and health implications of environmental epigenetics and provides knowledge through an interdisciplinary approach. Included in this volume are chapters outlining various environmental risk factors such as phthalates and dietary components, life states such as pregnancy and ageing, hormonal and metabolic considerations and specific disease risks such as cancer cardiovascular diseases and other non-communicable diseases. Environmental Epigenetics imparts integrative knowledge of the science of epigenetics and the issues raised in environmental epidemiology. This book is intended to serve both as a reference compendium on environmental epigenetics for scientists in academia, industry and laboratories and as a textbook for graduate level environmental health courses. Environmental Epigenetics imparts integrative knowledge of the science of epigenetics and the issues raised in environmental epidemiology. This book is intended to serve both as a reference compendium on environmental epigenetics for scientists in academia, industry and laboratories and as a textbook for graduate level environmental health courses.


How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease

How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease
Author: United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General
Publisher:
Total Pages: 728
Release: 2010
Genre: Government publications
ISBN:

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This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.


Environmental Toxicants

Environmental Toxicants
Author: Morton Lippmann
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 1189
Release: 2009-03-26
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0470442883

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Provides the most current information and research available for performing risk assessments on exposed individuals and populations, giving guidance to public health authorities, primary care physicians, and industrial managers Reviews current knowledge on human exposure to selected chemical agents and physical factors in the ambient environment Updates and revises the previous edition, in light of current scientific literature and its significance to public health concerns Includes new chapters on: airline cabin exposures, arsenic, endocrine disruptors, and nanoparticles


Predictive Toxicology

Predictive Toxicology
Author: Christoph Helma
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 522
Release: 2005-03-17
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0849350352

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A comprehensive overview of techniques and systems currently utilized in predictive toxicology, this reference presents an in-depth survey of strategies, algorithms, and prediction methods to select, calculate, and represent the features and properties of chemical structures in biological systems. It provides sources of high-quality toxicity data, the most important commercial and noncommercial predictive toxicology programs, and advanced technologies in computational chemistry, biology, statistics, and data mining. Predictive Toxicology explores applications that go beyond classical structure-activity relationships and discusses programs such as OncoLogic, META, MC4PC, PASS, and lazar.