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Multiscale Models of Brain Disorders

Multiscale Models of Brain Disorders
Author: Vassilis Cutsuridis
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 222
Release: 2019-10-11
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 3030188302

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This book focuses on our current understanding of brain dynamics in various brain disorders (e.g. epilepsy, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease) and how the multi-scale, multi-level tools of computational neuroscience can enhance this understanding. In recent years, there have been significant advances in the study of the dynamics of the disordered brain at both the microscopic and the macroscopic levels. This understanding can be furthered by the application of multi-scale computational models as integrative principles that may link single neuron dynamics and the dynamics of local and distant brain regions observed using human EEG, ERPs, MEG, LFPs and fMRI. Focusing on the computational models that are used to study movement, memory and cognitive disorders as well as epilepsy and consciousness related diseases, the book brings together physiologists and anatomists investigating cortical circuits; cognitive neuroscientists studying brain dynamics and behavior by means of EEG and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI); and computational neuroscientists using neural modeling techniques to explore local and large-scale disordered brain dynamics. Covering topics that have a significant impact on the field of medicine, neuroscience and computer science, the book appeals to a diverse group of investigators.


Computational Models of Brain and Behavior

Computational Models of Brain and Behavior
Author: Ahmed A. Moustafa
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 845
Release: 2017-09-18
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 1119159180

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A comprehensive Introduction to the world of brain and behavior computational models This book provides a broad collection of articles covering different aspects of computational modeling efforts in psychology and neuroscience. Specifically, it discusses models that span different brain regions (hippocampus, amygdala, basal ganglia, visual cortex), different species (humans, rats, fruit flies), and different modeling methods (neural network, Bayesian, reinforcement learning, data fitting, and Hodgkin-Huxley models, among others). Computational Models of Brain and Behavior is divided into four sections: (a) Models of brain disorders; (b) Neural models of behavioral processes; (c) Models of neural processes, brain regions and neurotransmitters, and (d) Neural modeling approaches. It provides in-depth coverage of models of psychiatric disorders, including depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), schizophrenia, and dyslexia; models of neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and epilepsy; early sensory and perceptual processes; models of olfaction; higher/systems level models and low-level models; Pavlovian and instrumental conditioning; linking information theory to neurobiology; and more. Covers computational approximations to intellectual disability in down syndrome Discusses computational models of pharmacological and immunological treatment in Alzheimer's disease Examines neural circuit models of serotonergic system (from microcircuits to cognition) Educates on information theory, memory, prediction, and timing in associative learning Computational Models of Brain and Behavior is written for advanced undergraduate, Master's and PhD-level students—as well as researchers involved in computational neuroscience modeling research.


Multiscale Biomechanical Modeling of the Brain

Multiscale Biomechanical Modeling of the Brain
Author: Mark F. Horstemeyer
Publisher: Academic Press
Total Pages: 278
Release: 2021-10-27
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0128181451

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Multiscale Biomechanical Modeling of the Brain discusses the constitutive modeling of the brain at various length scales (nanoscale, microscale, mesoscale, macroscale and structural scale). In each scale, the book describes the state-of-the- experimental and computational tools used to quantify critical deformational information at each length scale. Then, at the structural scale, several user-based constitutive material models are presented, along with real-world boundary value problems. Lastly, design and optimization concepts are presented for use in occupant-centric design frameworks. This book is useful for both academia and industry applications that cover basic science aspects or applied research in head and brain protection.The multiscale approach to this topic is unique, and not found in other books. It includes meticulously selected materials that aim to connect the mechanistic analysis of the brain tissue at size scales ranging from subcellular to organ levels. Presents concepts in a theoretical and thermodynamic framework for each length scale Teaches readers not only how to use an existing multiscale model for each brain but also how to develop a new multiscale model Takes an integrated experimental-computational approach and gives structured multiscale coverage of the problems


Validating Neuro-Computational Models of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders

Validating Neuro-Computational Models of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders
Author: Basabdatta Sen Bhattacharya
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 329
Release: 2015-10-30
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 3319200372

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This book is a collection of articles by leading researchers working at the cutting edge of neuro-computational modelling of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Each article contains model validation techniques used in the context of the specific problem being studied. Validation is essential for neuro-inspired computational models to become useful tools in the understanding and treatment of disease conditions. Currently, the immense diversity in neuro-computational modelling approaches for investigating brain diseases has created the need for a structured and coordinated approach to benchmark and standardise validation methods and techniques in this field of research. This book serves as a step towards a systematic approach to validation of neuro-computational models used for studying brain diseases and should be useful for all neuro-computational modellers.


Multi-Scale Dynamics Modeling of Brain Physiological Functions and Pathological Mechanisms

Multi-Scale Dynamics Modeling of Brain Physiological Functions and Pathological Mechanisms
Author: Ying Wu
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Total Pages: 120
Release: 2023-10-09
Genre: Science
ISBN: 2832535569

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The mechanisms of brain physiological functions and pathological mechanisms are crucial for us to understand how the brain works in the normal function such as memory, information processing and attentional perception, or in pathological conditions such as epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's diseases. These brain physiological functions and pathological mechanisms generally involve multiple spatial scales of brains, ranging from micro molecules, cellular channels, and meso-scale neuronal networks to the brain regions. To comprehensively understand the neural mechanisms of brain physiological functions and pathological mechanisms, multiple-scale investigations are essential to carry, involving neuronal circuit modeling, neural field modeling, large-scale modeling, data-driven complex network modeling, etc.


Disorders of Brain, Behavior, and Cognition: The Neurocomputational Perspective

Disorders of Brain, Behavior, and Cognition: The Neurocomputational Perspective
Author: J.A. Reggia
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 461
Release: 1999-09-16
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0080862462

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This book contains selected contributions of papers, many presented at the Second International Workshop on Neural Modeling of Brain Disorders, as well as a few additional papers on related topics, including a wide range of presentations describing computational models of neurological, neuropsychological and psychiatric disorders. It is a unique, comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art of modeling cognitive and brain disorders, appealing to a multidisciplinary audience of clinicians, psychologists, neuroscientists, cognitive scientists, computer scientists, and other neural network researchers. The rest of the book is organized along four main themes, involving memory, neuropsychological, neurological and psychiatric disorders. In general, the cognitive disorders and these psychiatric diseases traditionally regarded as "functional" were modeled along functional lines, while those disorders traditionally viewed as "organic" neurological diseases generally drew more from knowledge of the underlying neurobiology and pathophysiology.


Computational Neuroscience Models of the Basal Ganglia

Computational Neuroscience Models of the Basal Ganglia
Author: V. Srinivasa Chakravarthy
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 303
Release: 2018-03-21
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 9811084947

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The book is a compendium of the aforementioned subclass of models of Basal Ganglia, which presents some the key existent theories of Basal Ganglia function. The book presents computational models of basal ganglia-related disorders, including Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, and addiction. Importantly, it highlights the applications of understanding the role of the basal ganglia to treat neurological and psychiatric disorders. The purpose of the present book is to amend and expand on James Houk’s book (MIT press; ASIN: B010BF4U9K) by providing a comprehensive overview on computational models of the basal ganglia. This book caters to researchers and academics from the area of computational cognitive neuroscience.


Computational Neurology and Psychiatry

Computational Neurology and Psychiatry
Author: Péter Érdi
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 446
Release: 2017-01-25
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 3319499599

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This book presents the latest research in computational methods for modeling and simulating brain disorders. In particular, it shows how mathematical models can be used to study the relationship between a given disorder and the specific brain structure associated with that disorder. It also describes the emerging field of computational psychiatry, including the study of pathological behavior due to impaired functional connectivity, pathophysiological activity, and/or aberrant decision-making. Further, it discusses the data analysis techniques that will be required to analyze the increasing amount of data being generated about the brain. Lastly, the book offers some tips on the application of computational models in the field of quantitative systems pharmacology. Mainly written for computational scientists eager to discover new application fields for their model, this book also benefits neurologists and psychiatrists wanting to learn about new methods.