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More Texts from the Archive of Socrates

More Texts from the Archive of Socrates
Author: Mohamed Gaber El-Maghrabi
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Total Pages: 232
Release: 2021-07-05
Genre: History
ISBN: 3110714523

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This volume contains editions of 35 texts, which have been excavated nearly 100 years ago in the ancient Egyptian village of Karanis, and which were still waiting publication. As all texts written on papyrus from the Egyptian countryside, these texts give a new insight into the life of the people who dwelled in a typical village of the Roman period in Egypt. The texts show the cultural diversity of those who cohabitated, whether they had Greek or Egyptian names, whether their main gods were the crocodiles or Zeus. In the lives of all of them tax-paying played an important role, as well as caring for their cattle and fields, doing business, and fullfilling the obligations of the Roman government. In particular interesting is the personage of Socrates the tax-collector. Since the ruins of Karanis are still standing (and worth a visit) with two nearly intact temples from the period of the texts, a more complete image of village life emerges from texts and the archaeology behind them. Papyrologists welcome every newly published text as a further stone of the mosaic image that they try to create of the past.


Texts from the "Archive" of Socrates, the Tax Collector, and Other Contexts at Karanis

Texts from the
Author: Mohamed Gaber El-Maghrabi
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Total Pages: 166
Release: 2014-12-16
Genre: History
ISBN: 3110345706

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This volume of Papyri contains a selection of 25 pieces which were excavated in the village of Karanis in the north-eastern Fayum (Egypt) by American archaeologists between 1924 and 1926. Many of the texts published here come from the archive of a well known figure in the village life of Karanis in the 2nd century AD: Socrates, son of Sarapion, was a tax collector here for many years, serving the Roman Empire collecting taxes due in money and in kind. Besides his successful economic activities - Socrates certainly belonged to the upper stratum of society in Karanis - the tax collector was a lover of Greek literature; for sure, he did not venture into high philosophy and the like, but he read Homer, comedies, and tried to be up to date about mythology in plays. Half of the new texts published here are literary, mostly from Socrates’ library; other texts were found in the immediate neighbourhood of where Socrates lived, such as a surgical treatise about remedies of shoulder dislocations, which perhaps belonged to a doctor. The other half of the papyrus texts in this volume are documents that can shed new light on the activities of the tax collector, or of other inhabitants of Karanis. Altogether they give us a vivid picture of village life in Graeco/Roman Egypt in the 2nd century AD.


Before And After Socrates

Before And After Socrates
Author: Prof. F. M. Cornford
Publisher: Pickle Partners Publishing
Total Pages: 66
Release: 2016-03-28
Genre: History
ISBN: 1786258846

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‘Socrates was one of that small number of adventurers who, from time to time, have enlarged the horizon of the human spirit.’ In this book, F. M. Cornford explains why the life and work of Socrates stand out as marking a turning-point in the history of thought. He shows how Socrates revolutionized the concept of philosophy, converting it from the study of Nature to the study of the human soul, the meaning of right and wrong, and the ends for which we ought to live. This is, in fact, the story of the whole creative period of Greek philosophy—the Ionian science of Nature before Socrates, Socrates himself, and his chief followers, Plato and his pupil Aristotle. It tells of the different contributions each made, and shows how within three centuries the Greek tradition grew to maturity and the fullness of intellectual power. ‘Refreshing and stimulating...it is not only a masterly piece of condensation, nor only a delightful introduction to further reading; it is more, and it claims the attention of every serious student of the subject.’—Journal of Hellenic Studies ‘It can be confidently recommended to those who wish for a competent statement in a short compass of what the Greek philosophers believed and why.’—C. E. M. JOAD in New Statesman ‘Provides a clear insight into the development of Greek philosophy and a brilliant commentary on the Greek mind and its attitude to life. The first chapter forms one of the most attractive introductions to philosophy that it is possible to find.’—The Times Literary Supplement


The Last Days of Socrates

The Last Days of Socrates
Author: Plato
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2022-12-27
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 9789357001175

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A new version of Plato's four-part discourse extolling Socrates' brilliance. Plato's account of Socrates' trial and execution in 399 BC marks a turning point in Western literature as well as in ancient Athens' way of life. In these four dialogues, Plato elaborates on the Socratic notion of personal accountability and illustrates how Socrates, who was ordered by his fellow Athenians to commit suicide, lived and died in accordance with his own philosophy. In Euthyphro, Socrates engages in a discussion about goodness outside the courtroom; in Apology, he defends himself against all accusations of impiety; in Crito, he rejects a plea to be let out of prison; and in Phaedo, he approaches death with composure and an insightful discussion of eternity.


Apology

Apology
Author: Plato
Publisher: Strelbytskyy Multimedia Publishing
Total Pages:
Release: 2018-08-20
Genre: Fiction
ISBN:

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The Apology of Socrates was written by Plato. In fact, it’s a defensive speech of Socrates that he said in a court noted down by Plato.The main subject of the speech is a problem of the evil. Socrates insists that neither death nor death sentence is evil. We shouldn’t be afraid of the death because we don’t know anything about it. Socrates proved that the death shouldn’t be taken as the evil with the following dilemma: the death is either a peace or a transit from this life to the next. Both can’t be called evil. Consequently, the death shouldn’t be treated as evil.


The Philosophy of Socrates

The Philosophy of Socrates
Author: Gregory Vlastos
Publisher:
Total Pages: 354
Release: 1980
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 9780268015374

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The Socrates of Plato's early dialogues is the focus of this collection of essays. Scholars of Socrates discuss the problem of our knowing the historical Socrates, the Socratic method of examining the statements of others, Socratic definition, and the concept of virtue in Socrates' thought. This anthology of essays, some written for this volume and others previously published, offers a cross section of insights and views on Socrates for the beginning student as well as for the professional philosopher.


Hamann's Socratic Memorabilia

Hamann's Socratic Memorabilia
Author: Johann Georg Hamann
Publisher:
Total Pages: 264
Release: 1967
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN:

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Unending Variety

Unending Variety
Author:
Publisher: BRILL
Total Pages: 264
Release: 2024-03-11
Genre: History
ISBN: 9004680527

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This is a Festschrift offered by friends and colleagues to papyrologist and ancient historian Peter van Minnen. The volume contains the edition or re-edition of 52 papyri and ostraca, dating from between the third century BCE and the eighth century CE. Their subjects vary from Demosthenes to the delivery of camels in early Islamic Egypt, and their provenances stretch from the Eastern to the Western Desert, and from the Egyptian Nile valley to Qasr Ibrim in northern Nubia. All texts are published with transcription, translation, commentary and colour photographs. In addition, there are five studies, reflecting the honorand’s wide-ranging interests.


The Unknown Socrates

The Unknown Socrates
Author:
Publisher: Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers
Total Pages: 324
Release: 2002
Genre: History
ISBN: 9780865164987

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Socrates (469-399 BC) is one of history's most enigmatic figures. Our knowledge of him comes to us second-hand, primarily from the philosopher Plato, who was Socrates' most gifted student, and from the historian and sometime-philosopher Xenophon, who counted himself as a member of Socrates' inner circle of friends. We also hear of Socrates in one comic play produced during his lifetime (Aristophanes' Clouds) and in passing from the philosopher Aristotle, a student of Plato. Socrates is a figure of enduring interest. He is often considered the father of Western Philosophy, yet the four most famous accounts we have of him present a contradictory, confusing picture. Just who was Socrates? A brilliant philosopher, at times confounding and infuriating, morally serious and yet ironic; the ever-worldly man, sometime mystic, and uncommon martyr depicted by Plato? Or did Plato conflate Socrates' views with his own startling genius, as Aristotle suggests? Was So rates instead the less impressive, more mundane man whose commonsense impressed the laconic Xenophon? Or was Socrates the charlatan, the long-winded phony of Aristophanes' play? The Socratic works of Diogenes Laertius (3rd century AD), Libanius (AD 314 -- c. 393), Maximus of 'Tyre (2nd century AD), and Apuleius (born c. AD 125) add important dimensions to the portrait of Socrates: Diogenes Laertius' Life of Socrates emphasizes Socrates' deep ethical nature and his extraordinary personality; Libanius' Apology of Socrates is based on sources now lost to us; Maximus of Tyre's Whether Socrates Did the Right Thing When He Did Not Defend Himself makes the star ling claim (against testimony of Plato and Xenophon) that Socrates never spoke athis own trial; from Apuleius' On the God of Socrates we hear at length of Socrates' infamous daimonion: the "divine sign" only mentioned elsewhere, the sign that warned Socrates against certain courses of action. In short, from these four texts we are reintroduced to Socrates, and new wrinkles are added to an already intriguing historical figure.