Modelling Simulation And Architecture Modification Of Delta Sigma Fractional N Frequency Synthesizers PDF Download
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| Author | : Zhipeng Ye |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 161 |
| Release | : 2008 |
| Genre | : Frequency synthesizers |
| ISBN | : |
Download Modelling, Simulation and Architecture Modification of Delta-sigma Fractional-N Frequency Synthesizers Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The wireless communication market has been growing rapidly in recent decades. The frequency synthesizer is a key building block in wireless transceivers. It is used as a local oscillator for frequency translation and channel selection. In this thesis, we provide a brief review of PLL frequency synthesizers. A simulation environment for delta-sigma fractional-N frequency synthesizers is built using Verilog-AMS. The digital delta-sigma modulator is modeled as a finite state machine in order to evaluate how the performance of a frequency synthesizer is affected by the cyclic behavior of the DDSM. In addition, jitter and nonlinearities are considered and added to the model. The spur-minimizing effect of an odd initial condition on the first accumulator of a MASH delta-sigma modulator is demonstrated. A noise reduction technique for a fractional-N frequency synthesizer using a multiphase voltage-controlled oscillator is proposed. We have shown that both in-band and out-of-band phase noise can be reduced by 6 dB for every two-fold increase in the number of phases. The multi-phase VCO is also applied in a dual-loop frequency synthesizer. We show that this dual loop frequency synthesizer achieves a similar power spectrum but with superior frequency resolution compared to a conventional dual-loop frequency synthesizer. We have built an experimental platform based on a Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA board and have used it to confirm the theoretical analysis and simulations. In order to reduce the hardware consumption of a digital delta-sigma modulator, and consequently the power and area consumption, we propose a reduced complexity architecture which can achieve similar spectral performance compared with a conventional DDSM but with up to 20% lower hardware consumption. We have elaborated a rigorous design methodologies based on this idea of error masking. Individual design strategies are derived for MASH DDSMs and SQ DDSMs, both with and without dither.
| Author | : Kaveh Hosseini |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 157 |
| Release | : 2011-06-25 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1461400945 |
Download Minimizing Spurious Tones in Digital Delta-Sigma Modulators Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This book describes several Digital Delta-Sigma Modulator (DDSM) architectures, including multi stage noise shaping (MASH), error feedback modulator (EFM) and single quantizer (SQ)-DDSM modulators, with a focus on predicting and maximizing their cycle lengths. The authors aim to demystify an important aspect of these particular DDSM structures, namely the existence of spurs resulting from the inherent periodicity of DDSMs with constant inputs. Simulink and MATLAB models and code are presented in Chapters 2–5 to enable the reader to reproduce the results in this work and to explore further. These examples will also be helpful for first-time designers of DDSMs.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 66 |
| Release | : 2008 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Download Design and Analysis of a Delta Sigma Modulator for a Fractional N Phase Locked Loop Frequency Synthesizer Operating at 2.4 GHz Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
With the advances in communications, frequency synthesizers are becoming essential for many different circuits and broadcast bands. This need led to the creation of the fractional N frequency synthesizer. This synthesizer has proven itself to be a great invention allowing for many improvements over similar concepts. However, it only reaches the full extents of its capabilities when it is combined with a Delta Sigma modulator. This combined circuit shows great advances in noise performance and frequency resolution. The fractional N frequency synthesizer is merely an integer N PLL with the ability to change the division ratio. The first attempts to change this ratio used an accumulator which is a first order Delta Sigma modulator. The single order versions were swiftly discarded for higher order models for their better noise performance. Delta Sigma modulators, or DSM, are separated into two architecture types, MASH and MBSL. MASH modulators are easier to build and unconditionally stable. Unfortunately, they create more noise than MBSL and require more output states for the same division ratio. MBSL modulators create less noise; their noise shaping is more flexible and uses less outputs for the same division. However, MBSL modulators are complex and have some unstable inputs. This work steps through the design of a MASH 1-1-1 modulator using its basic equations. Also, it covers the implementation of the circuit on a FPGA board and its testing as part of a frequency synthesizer operating in the 2.4 GHz frequency band. For this work, the Spartan-3 board is used in addition to a PLL built before to create the circuit. The testing is done using a spectrum analyzer to see if the synthesizer creates the right output frequency. Several tests are performed to see the accuracy of the synthesizer over a portion of the frequency band. The circuit proves to be successful, creating frequencies within one percent of its target values. Initial tests without the DSM were around two percent of the target values. The work goes on to describe future projects. The major one to be the creation of a frequency modulated transmitter by using the synthesizer constructed and adding a digital filter to adjust the data.
| Author | : Vandana V. Dabra |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 202 |
| Release | : 2004 |
| Genre | : Frequency synthesizers |
| ISBN | : |
Download A Modeling Approach for Sigma Delta Fractional-N Frequency Synthesizer Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
| Author | : William F. Egan |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 312 |
| Release | : 2011-10-07 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1118171152 |
Download Advanced Frequency Synthesis by Phase Lock Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The latest frequency synthesis techniques, including sigma-delta,Diophantine, and all-digital Sigma-delta is a frequency synthesis technique that has risen inpopularity over the past decade due to its intensely digital natureand its ability to promote miniaturization. A continuation of thepopular Frequency Synthesis by Phase Lock, Second Edition, thistimely resource provides a broad introduction to sigma-delta bypairing practical simulation results with cutting-edge research.Advanced Frequency Synthesis by Phase Lock discusses bothsigma-delta and fractional-n—the still-in-use forerunner tosigma-delta—employing Simulink® models and detailedsimulations of results to promote a deeper understanding. After a brief introduction, the book shows how spurs areproduced at the synthesizer output by the basic process anddifferent methods for overcoming them. It investigates how variousdefects in sigma-delta synthesis contribute to spurs or noise inthe synthesized signal. Synthesizer configurations are analyzed,and it is revealed how to trade off the various noise sources bychoosing loop parameters. Other sigma-delta synthesis architecturesare then reviewed. The Simulink simulation models that provided data for thepreceding discussions are described, providing guidance in makinguse of such models for further exploration. Next, another methodfor achieving wide loop bandwidth simultaneously with fineresolution—the Diophantine Frequency Synthesizer—isintroduced. Operation at extreme bandwidths is also covered,further describing the analysis of synthesizers that push theirbandwidths close to the sampling-frequency limit. Lastly, the bookreviews a newly important technology that is poised to becomewidely used in high-production consumerelectronics—all-digital frequency synthesis. Detailed appendices provide in-depth discussion on variousstages of development, and many related resources are available fordownload, including Simulink models, MATLAB® scripts,spreadsheets, and executable programs. All these features make thisauthoritative reference ideal for electrical engineers who want toachieve an understanding of sigma-delta frequency synthesis and anawareness of the latest developments in the field.
| Author | : Mücahit Kozak |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 236 |
| Release | : 2007-05-08 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 0306487284 |
Download Oversampled Delta-Sigma Modulators Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Oversampled Delta-Sigma Modulators: Analysis, Applications, and Novel Topologies presents theorems and their mathematical proofs for the exact analysis of the quantization noise in delta-sigma modulators. Extensive mathematical equations are included throughout the book to analyze both single-stage and multi-stage architectures. It has been proved that appropriately set initial conditions generate tone free output, provided that the modulator order is at least three. These results are applied to the design of a Fractional-N PLL frequency synthesizer to produce spurious free RF waveforms. Furthermore, the book also presents time-interleaved topologies to increase the conversion bandwidth of delta-sigma modulators. The topologies have been generalized for any interleaving number and modulator order. The book is full of design and analysis techniques and contains sufficient detail that enables readers with little background in the subject to easily follow the material in it.
| Author | : George I. Bourdopoulos |
| Publisher | : Imperial College Press |
| Total Pages | : 264 |
| Release | : 2003 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9781848161214 |
Download Delta-Sigma Modulators Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This important book deals with the modeling and design of higher-order single-stage delta-sigma modulators. It provides an overview of the architectures, the quantizer models, the design techniques and the implementation issues encountered in the study of the delta-sigma modulators. A number of applications are discussed, with emphasis on use in the design of analog-to-digital converters and in frequency synthesis. The book is education- rather than research-oriented, containing numerical examples and unsolved problems. It is aimed at introducing the final-year undergraduate, the graduate student or the electronic engineer to this field. Contents: Analog to Digital Conversion; ou Modulators OCo Architectures; Single-Bit Single-Stage ou Modulators, Modeling and Design; Implementation of ou Modulators; Practical Limitations of ou Modulators; Stabilization and Suppression of Tones for the Higher-Order Single-Stage ou Modulators; Decimation, Interpolation and Converters; Applications. Readership: Final-year undergraduates; graduate students; electrical, electronic and systems engineers."
| Author | : 陳威良 |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2003 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Download A 5.8-GHz Delta-Sigma Fractional-N Frequency Synthesizer Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
| Author | : Woogeun Rhee |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 244 |
| Release | : 2001 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Download Multi-bit Delta-sigma Modulation Technique for Fractional-N Frequency Synthesizers Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
| Author | : Dean Banerjee |
| Publisher | : Dog Ear Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 346 |
| Release | : 2006-08 |
| Genre | : Frequency modulation detectors |
| ISBN | : 1598581341 |
Download Pll Performance, Simulation and Design Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This book is intended for the reader who wishes to gain a solid understanding of Phase Locked Loop architectures and their applications. It provides a unique balance between both theoretical perspectives and practical design trade-offs. Engineers faced with real world design problems will find this book to be a valuable reference providing example implementations, the underlying equations that describe synthesizer behavior, and measured results that will improve confidence that the equations are a reliable predictor of system behavior. New material in the Fourth Edition includes partially integrated loop filter implementations, voltage controlled oscillators, and modulation using the PLL.
