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Microbial Diversity in Asia

Microbial Diversity in Asia
Author: Been Hen Nga
Publisher: World Scientific
Total Pages: 272
Release: 2001
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9810243081

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This work presents results from five years of research on microbial species in exotic and pristine locations in Asian countries, by contributors in food science, microbiology, and agricultural and environmental sciences in the UK, Japan, Singapore, Malaysia, China, Korea, and Philippines. Some microorganisms are described here for the first time. Specific topics include lactic acid bacteria in fermented foods in Southeast Asia, culture collection networks in Asia, high actinomycete diversity in the topical rainforests of Singapore, and engineering biphenyl dioxygenases to acquire wide degradation capabilities of polychlorinated biphenyls and aromatic hydrocarbons. The editor is affiliated with the Department of Microbiology at the National University of Singapore. c. Book News Inc.


Extremophiles in Eurasian Ecosystems: Ecology, Diversity, and Applications

Extremophiles in Eurasian Ecosystems: Ecology, Diversity, and Applications
Author: Dilfuza Egamberdieva
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 464
Release: 2018-07-26
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9811303290

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This book explores various aspects of thermophilic and halophilic microbes from Eurasian ecosystems, which have proved to offer a unique reservoir of genetic diversity and biological source of extremophiles. It also covers the biotechnological uses of extremophiles, and their potential use in agricultural and industrial applications. The topics addressed include but are not limited to: diversity and microbial ecology, microbe-environment interactions, adaptation and evolution, element cycling and biotechnological applications of thermophiles and halophiles in Eurasian ecosystems. In order to review the progress made in biology and biotechnological applications of thermophiles and halophiles, the book combines review papers and results of original research from various specialists and authorities in the field. It includes several chapters describing the microbial diversity and ecology of geothermal springs distributed among the territory of various Eurasian countries, such as Armenia, Bulgaria, China, Georgia, India, Italy, Pakistan and Turkey. A dedicated chapter discusses selected aspects of thermophilic chemolithotrophic bacteria isolated from mining sites (sulfide ores); detailed descriptions of various thermophile microbes isolated from high-temperature environments and their biotechnological potential are also provided. Subsequent chapters describe the diversity and ecology of halophilic microbes harbored in saline and hypersaline lakes in Iran, Turkey and China; soil and plant microbiomes in saline arid lands of Uzbekistan; microbial diversity in Asian deserts; and the potential applications of thermophilic and halophilic microbes as exopolysaccharide (EPS) producers, focusing on the chemistry and applications of the EPS they produce. We hope that this book will prove valuable as an up-to-date overview of the current state of research on Eurasian extremophiles in general and thermophiles and halophiles in particular. Many questions remain unanswered, and we hope that it will stimulate further studies in this intriguing and promising field.


Recent Advancements in Microbial Diversity

Recent Advancements in Microbial Diversity
Author: Surajit de Mandal
Publisher: Academic Press
Total Pages: 624
Release: 2020-06-02
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0128212667

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Microorganisms are a major part of the Earth’s biological diversity. Although a lot of research has been done on microbial diversity, most of it is fragmented. This book creates the need for a unified text to be published, full of information about microbial diversity from highly reputed and impactful sources. Recent Advancements in Microbial Diversity brings a comprehensive understanding of the recent advances in microbial diversity research focused on different bodily systems, such as the gut. Recent Advancements in Microbial Diversity also discusses how the application of advanced sequencing technologies is used to reveal previously unseen microbial diversity and show off its function. Gives insight into microbial diversity in different bodily systems Explains novel approaches to studying microbial diversity Highlights the use of omics to analyze the microbial community and its functional attributes Discusses the techniques used to examine microbial diversity, including their applications and respective strengths and weaknesses


Microbial Diversity in the Genomic Era

Microbial Diversity in the Genomic Era
Author: Surajit Das
Publisher: Academic Press
Total Pages: 715
Release: 2018-09-20
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0128148500

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Microbial Diversity in the Genomic Era presents insights on the techniques used for microbial taxonomy and phylogeny, along with their applications and respective pros and cons. Though many advanced techniques for the identification of any unknown bacterium are available in the genomics era, a far fewer number of the total microbial species have been discovered and identified to date. The assessment of microbial taxonomy and biosystematics techniques discovered and practiced in the current genomics era with suitable recommendations is the prime focus of this book. Discusses the techniques used for microbial taxonomy and phylogeny with their applications and respective pros and cons Reviews the evolving field of bacterial typing and the genomic technologies that enable comparative analysis of multiple genomes and the metagenomes of complex microbial environments Provides a uniform, standard methodology for species designation


Microbiology: A Very Short Introduction

Microbiology: A Very Short Introduction
Author: Nicholas P. Money
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Total Pages: 137
Release: 2014-12-04
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0191503924

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In recent decades we have come to realize that the microbial world is hugely diverse, and can be found in the most extreme environments. Fungi, single-celled protists, bacteria, archaea, and the vast array of viruses and sub-viral particles far outnumber plants and animals. Microbes, we now know, play a critical role in ecosystems, in the chemistry of atmosphere and oceans, and within our bodies. The field of microbiology, armed with new techniques from molecular biology, is now one of the most vibrant in the life sciences. In this Very Short Introduction Nicholas P. Money explores not only the traditional methods of microscopy and laboratory culture but also the modern techniques of genetic detection and DNA sequencing, genomic analysis, and genetic manipulation. In turn he demonstrates how advances in microbiology have had a tremendous impact on the areas of medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.


The Fungi

The Fungi
Author: Michael J. Carlile
Publisher: Gulf Professional Publishing
Total Pages: 407
Release: 2001-01-09
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0127384464

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This new edition of The Fungi provides a comprehensive introduction to the importance of fungi in the natural world and in practical applications, from a microbiological perspective.


Soil Microbial Diversity and Litter Decomposition Increase with Time Since Land Use Disturbance in Tropical Montane Forests of Malaysian Borneo

Soil Microbial Diversity and Litter Decomposition Increase with Time Since Land Use Disturbance in Tropical Montane Forests of Malaysian Borneo
Author: Renee Sniegocki
Publisher:
Total Pages: 118
Release: 2020
Genre:
ISBN:

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Logging and forest conversion are occurring at alarming rates in the tropical forests of Southeast Asia. These disturbances alter soil chemistry, microbial diversity, and disrupt carbon cycling through shifts in litter decomposition. Direct links between microbial diversity and soil properties such as pH are well established; however, the indirect impacts of logging and forest conversion on microbial diversity and litter decomposition are poorly understood. We used surface (5 cm) soil to assess soil physicochemical properties, next-generation DNA sequencing to assess soil microbial diversity, and standardized litterbags to assess litter decomposition stabilization at five sites along a land use disturbance gradient in the tropical montane forests of Sabah state in eastern Malaysia. We used a hierarchical approach to explore how land use disturbance affects soil properties; how those soil properties in conjunction with land use disturbance affect soil microbial diversity; and how each of those factors affects litter decomposition and stabilization. We show that soil pH, total nitrogen, and bacterial diversity increase with time since disturbance; and sulfur, total carbon, percent sand, soil organic matter, and fungal diversity display a peaked response with peak around 100 years since the last disturbance. Fungal diversity is positively correlated with onsite forest cover, litter decomposition rate, and litter stabilization. Bacterial diversity shows a positive linear relationship with litter decomposition rates, but a peaked relationship with litter stabilization with peak around the mid-range of bacterial diversity. In summary, soils of the older forests harbor significantly greater microbial diversity and stabilize greater amounts of litter than soils of the younger forests and converted sites. Our results suggest that logging and forest conversion significantly affect soil microbial diversity and have lasting effects on carbon cycling in tropical montane forests.


Science Needs for Microbial Forensics

Science Needs for Microbial Forensics
Author: National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Science Needs for Microbial Forensics: Developing an Initial International Roadmap
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2014
Genre: Law
ISBN: 9780309302456

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For these reasons, building awareness of and capacity in microbial forensics can assist in our understanding of what may have occurred during a biothreat event, and international collaborations that engage the broader scientific and policy-making communities are likely to strengthen our microbial forensics capabilities. One goal would be to create a shared technical understanding of the possibilities--and limitations--of the scientific bases for microbial forensics analysis. Science Needs for Microbial Forensics: Developing Initial International Research Priorities, based partly on a workshop held in Zabgreb, Croatia in 2013, identifies scientific needs that must be addressed to improve the capabilities of microbial forensics to investigate infectious disease outbreaks and provide evidence of sufficient quality to support legal proceedings and the development of government policies.


The Arts of the Microbial World

The Arts of the Microbial World
Author: Victoria Lee
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Total Pages: 334
Release: 2021-12-01
Genre: History
ISBN: 022681288X

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The first in-depth study of Japanese fermentation science in the twentieth century. The Arts of the Microbial World explores the significance of fermentation phenomena, both as life processes and as technologies, in Japanese scientific culture. Victoria Lee’s careful study documents how Japanese scientists and skilled workers sought to use the microbe’s natural processes to create new products, from soy-sauce mold starters to MSG, vitamins to statins. In traditional brewing houses as well as in the food, fine chemical, and pharmaceutical industries across Japan, they showcased their ability to deal with the enormous sensitivity and variety of the microbial world. Charting developments in fermentation science from the turn of the twentieth century, when Japan was an industrializing country on the periphery of the world economy, to 1980 when it had emerged as a global technological and economic power, Lee highlights the role of indigenous techniques in modern science as it took shape in Japan. In doing so, she reveals how knowledge of microbes lay at the heart of some of Japan’s most prominent technological breakthroughs in the global economy. At a moment when twenty-first-century developments in the fields of antibiotic resistance, the microbiome, and green chemistry suggest that the traditional eradication-based approach to the microbial world is unsustainable, twentieth-century Japanese microbiology provides a new, broader vantage for understanding and managing microbial interactions with society.