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Merchants of Innovation

Merchants of Innovation
Author: Esther-Miriam Wagner
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Total Pages: 252
Release: 2017-05-08
Genre: Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN: 1501503413

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Traders around the world use particular spoken argots, to guard commercial secrets or to cement their identity as members of a certain group. The written registers of traders, too, in correspondence and other commercial texts show significant differences from the language used in official, legal or private writing. This volume suggests a clear cross-linguistic tendency that mercantile writing displays a greater degree of language mixing, code-switching and linguistic innovations, and, by setting precedents, promote language change. This interdisciplinary volume aims to place the traders' languages within a wider sociolinguistic context. Questions addressed include: What differences can be observed between mercantile registers and those of court or legal scribes? Do the traders' texts show the early emergence of features that take longer to permeate into the 'higher' varieties of the same language? Do they anticipate language change in the standard register or influence it by setting linguistic precedents? What sets traders' letters apart from private correspondence and other 'low' registers? The book will also examine bilingualism, semi-bilingualism, reasons for code-switching and the choice of particular languages over others in commercial correspondence.


Merchants of Innovation

Merchants of Innovation
Author: Esther-Miriam Wagner
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Total Pages: 283
Release: 2017-05-08
Genre: Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN: 1501503545

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Traders around the world use particular spoken argots, to guard commercial secrets or to cement their identity as members of a certain group. The written registers of traders, too, in correspondence and other commercial texts show significant differences from the language used in official, legal or private writing. This volume suggests a clear cross-linguistic tendency that mercantile writing displays a greater degree of language mixing, code-switching and linguistic innovations, and, by setting precedents, promote language change. This interdisciplinary volume aims to place the traders' languages within a wider sociolinguistic context. Questions addressed include: What differences can be observed between mercantile registers and those of court or legal scribes? Do the traders' texts show the early emergence of features that take longer to permeate into the 'higher' varieties of the same language? Do they anticipate language change in the standard register or influence it by setting linguistic precedents? What sets traders' letters apart from private correspondence and other 'low' registers? The book will also examine bilingualism, semi-bilingualism, reasons for code-switching and the choice of particular languages over others in commercial correspondence.


The Merchants of Zigong

The Merchants of Zigong
Author: Madeleine Zelin
Publisher: Columbia University Press
Total Pages: 440
Release: 2005
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9780231135962

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From its dramatic expansion in the early nineteenth century to its decline in the late 1930s, salt production in Zigong was one of the largest and only indigenous large-scale industries in China. Madeleine Zelin's history details the novel ways in which Zigong merchants mobilized capital through financial-industrial networks and spurred growth by developing new technologies, capturing markets, and building integrated business organizations. She provides new insight into the forces and institutions that shaped Chinese economic and social development (independent of Western or Japanese influence) and challenges long-held beliefs that social structure, state extraction, the absence of modern banking, and cultural bias against business precluded industrial development in China.


The Merchant Ship in the British Atlantic, 1600–1800

The Merchant Ship in the British Atlantic, 1600–1800
Author: Phillip Reid
Publisher: BRILL
Total Pages: 322
Release: 2020-04-14
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9004426345

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In The Merchant Ship in the British Atlantic, 1600—1800, Phillip Reid shows how ordinary commercial vessels reflected the risk management strategies of those who designed, built, bought, and sailed them.


Applied Innovation: A Handbook

Applied Innovation: A Handbook
Author: Stephen A. Di Biase
Publisher: Premier Insights LLC
Total Pages: 447
Release: 2015-03-01
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1505416876

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"Applied Innovation: A Handbook" outlines how a start-up CEO can take an innovation from concept to repeat sales including everything from the strategic elements of what innovation is to business models and intellectual property to how one sets up an advisory board etc. This work focuses on offering a road map for building a company from the ground up but can be applied to existing firms as well. The premise is that anyone can learn and apply the concepts of innovation in any part of their business and personal life if they know what is required.


Double Entry: How the Merchants of Venice Created Modern Finance

Double Entry: How the Merchants of Venice Created Modern Finance
Author: Jane Gleeson-White
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
Total Pages: 226
Release: 2012-10-01
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0393089681

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“Lively history. . . . Show[s] double entry’s role in the creation of the accounting profession, and even of capitalism itself.”—The New Yorker Filled with colorful characters and history, Double Entry takes us from the ancient origins of accounting in Mesopotamia to the frontiers of modern finance. At the heart of the story is double-entry bookkeeping: the first system that allowed merchants to actually measure the worth of their businesses. Luca Pacioli—monk, mathematician, alchemist, and friend of Leonardo da Vinci—incorporated Arabic mathematics to formulate a system that could work across all trades and nations. As Jane Gleeson-White reveals, double-entry accounting was nothing short of revolutionary: it fueled the Renaissance, enabled capitalism to flourish, and created the global economy. John Maynard Keynes would use it to calculate GDP, the measure of a nation’s wealth. Yet double-entry accounting has had its failures. With the costs of sudden corporate collapses such as Enron and Lehman Brothers, and its disregard of environmental and human costs, the time may have come to re-create it for the future.


Actors of Globalization: New York Merchants in Global Trade, 1784-1812

Actors of Globalization: New York Merchants in Global Trade, 1784-1812
Author: Lisa Sturm-Lind
Publisher: BRILL
Total Pages: 202
Release: 2017-12-18
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 900435641X

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The monograph Actors of Globalization portrays a group of New York businessmen engaged in global trade from 1784 to 1812. It follows their businesses around the world and shows how through wit, flexibility, and the help of a worldwide net of business partners the merchants were able to quickly rise to global entrepreneurs speculating on wars, food crises and slave revolts. The ramifications of their commerce were felt at home, where the merchants invested in land and city development, established new financial institutions and contributed to a rising consumer culture. This book brings together global and local history, arguing that private actors played an important role in the economic and social development of the young United States.


The Innovation Stack

The Innovation Stack
Author: Jim McKelvey
Publisher: Penguin
Total Pages: 290
Release: 2020-03-10
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0593086740

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From the cofounder of Square, an inspiring and entertaining account of what it means to be a true entrepreneur and what it takes to build a resilient, world-changing company In 2009, a St. Louis glassblowing artist and recovering computer scientist named Jim McKelvey lost a sale because he couldn't accept American Express cards. Frustrated by the high costs and difficulty of accepting credit card payments, McKelvey joined his friend Jack Dorsey (the cofounder of Twitter) to launch Square, a startup that would enable small merchants to accept credit card payments on their mobile phones. With no expertise or experience in the world of payments, they approached the problem of credit cards with a new perspective, questioning the industry's assumptions, experimenting and innovating their way through early challenges, and achieving widespread adoption from merchants small and large. But just as Square was taking off, Amazon launched a similar product, marketed it aggressively, and undercut Square on price. For most ordinary startups, this would have spelled the end. Instead, less than a year later, Amazon was in retreat and soon discontinued its service. How did Square beat the most dangerous company on the planet? Was it just luck? These questions motivated McKelvey to study what Square had done differently from all the other companies Amazon had killed. He eventually found the key: a strategy he calls the Innovation Stack. McKelvey's fascinating and humorous stories of Square's early days are blended with historical examples of other world-changing companies built on the Innovation Stack to reveal a pattern of ground-breaking, competition-proof entrepreneurship that is rare but repeatable. The Innovation Stack is a thrilling business narrative that's much bigger than the story of Square. It is an irreverent first-person look inside the world of entrepreneurship, and a call to action for all of us to find the entrepreneur within ourselves and identify and fix unsolved problems--one crazy idea at a time.


Innovation and Creativity in Late Medieval and Early Modern European Cities

Innovation and Creativity in Late Medieval and Early Modern European Cities
Author: Karel Davids
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 439
Release: 2016-05-23
Genre: History
ISBN: 1317116534

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Late medieval and early modern cities are often depicted as cradles of artistic creativity and hotbeds of new material culture. Cities in renaissance Italy and in seventeenth and eighteenth-century northwestern Europe are the most obvious cases in point. But, how did this come about? Why did cities rather than rural environments produce new artistic genres, new products and new techniques? How did pre-industrial cities evolve into centres of innovation and creativity? As the most urbanized regions of continental Europe in this period, Italy and the Low Countries provide a rich source of case studies, as the contributors to this volume demonstrate. They set out to examine the relationship between institutional arrangements and regulatory mechanisms such as citizenship and guild rules and innovation and creativity in late medieval and early modern cities. They analyze whether, in what context and why regulation or deregulation influenced innovation and creativity, and what the impact was of long-term changes in the political and economic sphere.