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Measuring and Understanding Complex Phenomena

Measuring and Understanding Complex Phenomena
Author: Rainer Bruggemann
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 324
Release: 2021-03-01
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3030596834

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Indicators are more and more applied to describe and analyze complex systems. Typical examples: Innovation potential of nations, child-well being, Environmental health, poverty, chemical pollution, corruption of nations. The task is: How can a system of indicators be defined in order to fulfill the above expectations. One possibility is the application of the mathematical theory of partial order, especially when the indicator system shall be used for ranking purposes.


Measuring and Understanding Complex Phenomena

Measuring and Understanding Complex Phenomena
Author: Rainer Bruggemann
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2021
Genre:
ISBN: 9783030596842

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Indicators are more and more applied to describe and analyze complex systems. Typical examples: Innovation potential of nations, child-well being, Environmental health, poverty, chemical pollution, corruption of nations. The task is: How can a system of indicators be defined in order to fulfill the above expectations. One possibility is the application of the mathematical theory of partial order, especially when the indicator system shall be used for ranking purposes.


The Seductions of Quantification

The Seductions of Quantification
Author: Sally Engle Merry
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Total Pages: 260
Release: 2016-06-10
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 022626131X

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We live in a world where seemingly everything can be measured. We rely on indicators to translate social phenomena into simple, quantified terms, which in turn can be used to guide individuals, organizations, and governments in establishing policy. Yet counting things requires finding a way to make them comparable. And in the process of translating the confusion of social life into neat categories, we inevitably strip it of context and meaning—and risk hiding or distorting as much as we reveal. With The Seductions of Quantification, leading legal anthropologist Sally Engle Merry investigates the techniques by which information is gathered and analyzed in the production of global indicators on human rights, gender violence, and sex trafficking. Although such numbers convey an aura of objective truth and scientific validity, Merry argues persuasively that measurement systems constitute a form of power by incorporating theories about social change in their design but rarely explicitly acknowledging them. For instance, the US State Department’s Trafficking in Persons Report, which ranks countries in terms of their compliance with antitrafficking activities, assumes that prosecuting traffickers as criminals is an effective corrective strategy—overlooking cultures where women and children are frequently sold by their own families. As Merry shows, indicators are indeed seductive in their promise of providing concrete knowledge about how the world works, but they are implemented most successfully when paired with context-rich qualitative accounts grounded in local knowledge.


A First Course in Dimensional Analysis

A First Course in Dimensional Analysis
Author: Juan G. Santiago
Publisher: MIT Press
Total Pages: 179
Release: 2019-10-22
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0262537710

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An introduction to dimensional analysis, a method of scientific analysis used to investigate and simplify complex physical phenomena, demonstrated through a series of engaging examples. This book offers an introduction to dimensional analysis, a powerful method of scientific analysis used to investigate and simplify complex physical phenomena. The method enables bold approximations and the generation of testable hypotheses. The book explains these analyses through a series of entertaining applications; students will learn to analyze, for example, the limits of world-record weight lifters, the distance an electric submarine can travel, how an upside-down pendulum is similar to a running velociraptor, and the number of Olympic rowers required to double boat speed. The book introduces the approach through easy-to-follow, step-by-step methods that show how to identify the essential variables describing a complex problem; explore the dimensions of the problem and recast it to reduce complexity; leverage physical insights and experimental observations to further reduce complexity; form testable scientific hypotheses; combine experiments and analysis to solve a problem; and collapse and present experimental measurements in a compact form. Each chapter ends with a summary and problems for students to solve. Taken together, the analyses and examples demonstrate the value of dimensional analysis and provide guidance on how to combine and enhance dimensional analysis with physical insights. The book can be used by undergraduate students in physics, engineering, chemistry, biology, sports science, and astronomy.


Complexity of Social Phenomena

Complexity of Social Phenomena
Author: Leonardo Salvatore Alaimo
Publisher: Sapienza Università Editrice
Total Pages: 236
Release: 2022-11-30
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 8893772515

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What is complexity? What are the characteristics of a complex system? What does it mean to measure? How to develop an efficient tool for measuring socio-economic phenomena? What is synthesis? What are the main statistical tools for synthesis of multi-indicator systems? These are the research questions that are attempted to be answered in this book, the result of the author’s research work during his PhD. The book offers a conceptual and methodological analysis of the topic of synthesis of complex social phenomena, also proposing interesting applications to real cases. Winner of the Competition “Prize for PhD Thesis 2020” arranged by Sapienza University Press.


Investigating Complex Phenomena: Bridging between Systems Thinking and Modeling in Science Education

Investigating Complex Phenomena: Bridging between Systems Thinking and Modeling in Science Education
Author: Tom Bielik
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Total Pages: 186
Release: 2023-11-15
Genre: Education
ISBN: 2832539017

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Understanding the complexity of the natural world and making sense of phenomena is one of the main goals of science and science education. When investigating complex phenomena, such as climate change or pandemic outbreaks, students are expected to engage in systems thinking by considering the boundaries of the investigated system, identifying the relevant components and their interactions, and exploring system attributes such as hierarchical organization, dynamicity, feedback loops, and emergence. Scientific models are tools that support students’ reasoning and understanding of complex systems, and students are expected to develop their modeling competence and to engage in the modeling process by constructing, testing, revising, and using models to explain and predict phenomena. Computational modeling tools, for example, provide students with the opportunity to explore big data, run simulations and investigate complex systems. Therefore, both systems thinking and modeling approaches are important for science education when investigating complex phenomena.


The Public Understanding of Assessment

The Public Understanding of Assessment
Author: John Gardner
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 160
Release: 2017-10-02
Genre: Education
ISBN: 1317282000

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Assessment of educational achievement, whether by traditional examinations or by teachers in schools, attracts considerable public interest, particularly when it is associated with ‘high stakes’ outcomes such as university entry or selection for employment. When the individual’s results do not chime with their or their teachers’ expectations, doubts creep in about the process of assessment that has arrived at this result. However, educational assessment is made up of many layers of complexity, which are not always clear to the general public, including teachers, students, and parents, and which are not easily understood outside of the expert assessment community. These layers may be organized in highly co-dependent relationships that include reliability, validity, human judgment, and errors, and the uses and interpretations of the various types of assessment. No-one could reasonably argue that the principles and complexities of educational assessment should be core learning in public education, but there is a growing realization that trust in the UK assessment system is under some threat as the media and others sensationalize or politicize any problems that arise each year. This book offers the first comprehensive overview of how the general public is considered to perceive and understand a wide variety of aspects of educational assessment, and how this understanding may be improved. This book was originally published as a special issue of the Oxford Review of Education.


Modeling Complex Phenomena

Modeling Complex Phenomena
Author: Lui Lam
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 315
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1461392292

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Once upon a time, science was not divided into disciplines as we know it today. There was no distinction between so-called social and natural sciences, not to mention the fragmentation of the latter into physics, chemistry, biology, geology, etc. According to legend, the scientists those days would do their research in whatever environment they happened to find comfortable, which more often than not was in bathtubs or giant hot tubs - remember Archimedes! Then, somehow, these days we find ourselves compartmentalized into different departments in our universities, or divisions in our research institutes. (We suspect, for one thing, that is to ensure that we will get our paychecks delivered on time at the end of each month. ) Anyway, as anyone who has worked in the real world knows: when one is confronted with a completely new problem or phenomenon, it is usually impossible to neatly assign the problem to physics, chemistry, or, for that matter, computer science. One needs to recall and fuse together the knowledge one learned before and, if that alone is insufficient, to consult experts in other areas. This points to the shortcomings of the compartmentalization of knowledge in our educational systems. In recent years, something has changed. Under the banner of Complex Systems, some brave souls are not afraid to tackle problems that are considered intractable by others, and dare to venture out of their trained disciplines or departments to which they are attached.


Autoethnographic Tactics to Closing the Gap on Educational Attainment

Autoethnographic Tactics to Closing the Gap on Educational Attainment
Author: Thrower, Anika Chanell
Publisher: IGI Global
Total Pages: 281
Release: 2024-03-01
Genre: Education
ISBN:

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The history of education attainment in underrepresented populations, the education gap, undereducation, and socio-economic status have a multitude of cumulative causes, that must be carefully analyzed and considered in order to tackle these problems. This book offers valuable insights on the background of these issues, and addresses stressors, structural inequalities, microaggressions, imposter syndrome, and underscores the importance of supporting relationships, including mentorship, role models, and quality relationships with family, friends, classmates, and community. Autoethnographic Tactics to Closing the Gap on Educational Attainment is co-edited by Anika Chanell Thrower, Alex Evangelista, Ruth Baker-Gardner, and Hammed Oladeji Mogaji. The co-editors bring a wealth of experience and expertise to this publication. Through their work, the co-editors are committed to promoting access to higher education and improving outcomes for marginalized populations. This essential resource is designed for scholars interested in promoting cultural awareness, equity, and diversity in higher education institutions, and it provides must-read perspectives for instructors teaching stress management courses, diversity and inclusion departments, campus sustainability departments, and others. This book offers a detailed analysis of the enrollment crisis, strategies to address its many sources, and is an important contribution to the ongoing conversation about equity and access in higher education.


Basic Analysis IV

Basic Analysis IV
Author: James K. Peterson
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 500
Release: 2020-08-12
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 1351679244

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Basic Analysis IV: Measure Theory and Integration introduces students to concepts from measure theory and continues their training in the abstract way of looking at the world. This is a most important skill to have when your life's work will involve quantitative modeling to gain insight into the real world. This text generalizes the notion of integration to a very abstract setting in a variety of ways. We generalize the notion of the length of an interval to the measure of a set and learn how to construct the usual ideas from integration using measures. We discuss carefully the many notions of convergence that measure theory provides. Features • Can be used as a traditional textbook as well as for self-study • Suitable for advanced students in mathematics and associated disciplines • Emphasises learning how to understand the consequences of assumptions using a variety of tools to provide the proofs of propositions