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Measures Aimed at Mitigating Pro Cyclical Effects of the Capital Requirements Framework

Measures Aimed at Mitigating Pro Cyclical Effects of the Capital Requirements Framework
Author: Marianne Ojo D Delaney PhD
Publisher:
Total Pages: 16
Release: 2016
Genre:
ISBN:

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As well as highlighting the importance of introducing counter cyclical capital buffers, this paper draws attention to the need for greater focus on “more forward looking provisions”, as well as provisions which are aimed at addressing losses and unforeseen problems attributed to “maturity transformation of short-term deposits into long term loans.” Whilst the need for forward looking provisioning has been echoed by some authorities on the literature, the paper also adds weight to the argument through its attempt to link such an argument to the ever increasing prominence assumed by liquidity risks - since liquidity also contributes to pro cyclicality.“The complex response of financial institutions to deteriorating market conditions - which to a large extent, is attributed to liquidity shortfalls which reflected on and off balance sheet maturity mismatches and excessive levels of leverage, has resulted in an increasingly important role for liquidity provided by central banks in the funding of bank balance sheets.” Owing to such increased importance of liquidity risks, this paper also attempts to highlight why the Basel Committee's Counter Cyclical Buffer Proposal - a response to the recent financial crisis (which to a significant extent, focuses on banking sector capital requirements), should also take greater account of more forward looking provisions. In so doing, it draws attention to the importance of coupling forward looking provisions (as well as other measures) with counter cyclical charges and why this provides a better alternative to the mere introduction of counter cyclical capital charges.


Macro-Prudential Policies to Mitigate Financial System Vulnerabilities

Macro-Prudential Policies to Mitigate Financial System Vulnerabilities
Author: Mr.Stijn Claessens
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 36
Release: 2014-08-19
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1498357601

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Macro-prudential policies aimed at mitigating systemic financial risks have become part of the policy toolkit in many emerging markets and some advanced countries. Their effectiveness and efficacy are not well-known, however. Using panel data regressions, we analyze how changes in balance sheets of some 2,800 banks in 48 countries over 2000–2010 respond to specific macro-prudential policies. Controlling for endogeneity, we find that measures aimed at borrowers––caps on debt-to-income and loan-to-value ratios––and at financial institutions––limits on credit growth and foreign currency lending––are effective in reducing asset growth. Countercyclical buffers are little effective through the cycle, and some measures are even counterproductive during downswings, serving to aggravate declines, consistent with the ex-ante nature of macro-prudential tools.


Staff Guidance Note on Macroprudential Policy

Staff Guidance Note on Macroprudential Policy
Author: International Monetary Fund
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 45
Release: 2014-06-11
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1498342620

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This note provides guidance to facilitate the staff’s advice on macroprudential policy in Fund surveillance. It elaborates on the principles set out in the “Key Aspects of Macroprudential Policy,” taking into account the work of international standard setters as well as the evolving country experience with macroprudential policy. The main note is accompanied by supplements offering Detailed Guidance on Instruments and Considerations for Low Income Countries


Usability of Bank Capital Buffers: The Role of Market Expectations

Usability of Bank Capital Buffers: The Role of Market Expectations
Author: José Abad
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 61
Release: 2022-01-28
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1616358939

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Following the COVID shock, supervisors encouraged banks to use capital buffers to support the recovery. However, banks have been reluctant to do so. Provided the market expects a bank to rebuild its buffers, any draw-down will open up a capital shortfall that will weigh on its share price. Therefore, a bank will only decide to use its buffers if the value creation from a larger loan book offsets the costs associated with a capital shortfall. Using market expectations, we calibrate a framework for assessing the usability of buffers. Our results suggest that the cases in which the use of buffers make economic sense are rare in practice.


Mitigating the Deadly Embrace in Financial Cycles

Mitigating the Deadly Embrace in Financial Cycles
Author: Mr.Jaromir Benes
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 26
Release: 2016-04-08
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 148432305X

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This paper presents a new version of MAPMOD (Mark II) to study the effectiveness of macroprudential regulations. We extend the original model by explicitly modeling the housing market. We show how household demand for housing, house prices, and bank mortgages are intertwined in what we call a deadly embrace. Without macroprudential policies, this deadly embrace naturally leads to housing boom and bust cycles, which can be very costly for the economy, as shown by the Global Financial Crisis of 2008-09.


Revisiting Risk-Weighted Assets

Revisiting Risk-Weighted Assets
Author: Vanessa Le Leslé
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 50
Release: 2012-03-01
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1475502656

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In this paper, we provide an overview of the concerns surrounding the variations in the calculation of risk-weighted assets (RWAs) across banks and jurisdictions and how this might undermine the Basel III capital adequacy framework. We discuss the key drivers behind the differences in these calculations, drawing upon a sample of systemically important banks from Europe, North America, and Asia Pacific. We then discuss a range of policy options that could be explored to fix the actual and perceived problems with RWAs, and improve the use of risk-sensitive capital ratios.


Dealing with the Challenges of Macro Financial Linkages in Emerging Markets

Dealing with the Challenges of Macro Financial Linkages in Emerging Markets
Author: Otaviano Canuto
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Total Pages: 307
Release: 2013-10-29
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1464800030

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This book deals with the challenges of macro financial linkages in the emerging markets.


Managing the Sovereign-Bank Nexus

Managing the Sovereign-Bank Nexus
Author: Mr.Giovanni Dell'Ariccia
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 54
Release: 2018-09-07
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1484359623

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This paper reviews empirical and theoretical work on the links between banks and their governments (the bank-sovereign nexus). How significant is this nexus? What do we know about it? To what extent is it a source of concern? What is the role of policy intervention? The paper concludes with a review of recent policy proposals.