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| Author | : Benoît Godin |
| Publisher | : Routledge |
| Total Pages | : 373 |
| Release | : 2004-08-02 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1134326599 |
This book provides an historical examination of official science and technology statistics and indicators in Western countries.
| Author | : Benoît Godin |
| Publisher | : Routledge |
| Total Pages | : 383 |
| Release | : 2004-08-02 |
| Genre | : History |
| ISBN | : 1134326580 |
How do we objectively measure scientific activities? What proportion of economic activities should a society devote to research and development? How can public-sector and private-sector research best be directed to achieve social goals? Governments and researchers from industrial countries have been measuring science and technology for more than eighty years. This book provides the first comprehensive account of the attempts to measure science and technology activities in Western countries and the successes and shortcomings of statistical systems. Godin guides readers through the historical moments that led to the development of statistics on science and technology and also examines the socio-political dynamics behind social measurement. This enlightening account will be of interest to students and academics investigating science measurement as well as policy makers working in this burgeoning field.
| Author | : OECD |
| Publisher | : OECD Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 400 |
| Release | : 2015-10-08 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9264239014 |
The internationally recognised methodology for collecting and using R&D statistics, the OECD's Frascati Manual is an essential tool for statisticians and science and innovation policy makers worldwide. It includes definitions of basic concepts, data collection guidelines, and classifications ...
| Author | : Neil J. Salkind |
| Publisher | : SAGE |
| Total Pages | : 1417 |
| Release | : 2007 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 1412916119 |
Publisher Description
| Author | : István Kollar |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 440 |
| Release | : 1993-06-08 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : |
Kurzinhalt: This book provides a unique guide to the fundamental principles, advantages and disadvantages of modelling, measurement devices and measurement error. Presenting both the latest developments and the classical solutions in the field of electrical measurement, this book will be an invaluable reference source for senior students in electrical, electronic and mechanical engineering, together with practising engineers and researchers.
| Author | : C.F Dietrich |
| Publisher | : Routledge |
| Total Pages | : 554 |
| Release | : 2017-07-12 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1351406280 |
All measurements are subject to error because no quantity can be known exactly; hence, any measurement has a probability of lying within a certain range. The more precise the measurement, the smaller the range of uncertainty. Uncertainty, Calibration and Probability is a comprehensive treatment of the statistics and methods of estimating these calibration uncertainties. The book features the general theory of uncertainty involving the combination (convolution) of non-Gaussian, student t, and Gaussian distributions; the use of rectangular distributions to represent systematic uncertainties; and measurable and nonmeasurable uncertainties that require estimation. The author also discusses sources of measurement errors and curve fitting with numerous examples of uncertainty case studies. Many useful tables and computational formulae are included as well. All formulations are discussed and demonstrated with the minimum of mathematical knowledge assumed. This second edition offers additional examples in each chapter, and detailed additions and alterations made to the text. New chapters consist of the general theory of uncertainty and applications to industry and a new section discusses the use of orthogonal polynomials in curve fitting. Focusing on practical problems of measurement, Uncertainty, Calibration and Probability is an invaluable reference tool for R&D laboratories in the engineering/manufacturing industries and for undergraduate and graduate students in physics, engineering, and metrology.
| Author | : Pasquale Daponte |
| Publisher | : Springer Nature |
| Total Pages | : 325 |
| Release | : 2022-01-24 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 3030820246 |
In the history of humankind, the sea has always played a key role as a privileged medium for communication, commerce and contact among population centers. It constitutes an essential ecosystem, and an invaluable reservoir and source of food for all living beings. Therefore, its heath is a critical challenge for the survival of all humanity, particularly as one the most important environmental components targeted by global warming. Measuring and monitoring techniques are key tools for managing the marine environment and for supporting the Blue Economy. With this perspective, a series of annual international events, entitled Metrology for the Sea (MetroSea for short) was begun in 2017. Their increasing success inspired this book, which provides an anthology of tutorials dealing with a representative selection of topics of concern to a broad readership. The book covers two broad application areas, marine hydrography and meteorology, and then deals with instrumentation for measurement at sea. Typical metrological issues such as calibration and traceability, are considered, for both physical and chemical quantities. Key techniques, such as underwater acoustic investigation, remote sensing, measurement of waves and monitoring networks, are treated alongside marine geology and the monitoring of animal species. Economic and legal aspects of metrology for navigation are also discussed. Such an unparalleled wide vision of measurement for the sea will be of interest to a broad audience of scientists, engineers, economists, and their students.
| Author | : Franco Pavese |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 499 |
| Release | : 2008-12-16 |
| Genre | : Mathematics |
| ISBN | : 0817648046 |
This book provide a comprehensive set of modeling methods for data and uncertainty analysis, taking readers beyond mainstream methods and focusing on techniques with a broad range of real-world applications. The book will be useful as a textbook for graduate students, or as a training manual in the fields of calibration and testing. The work may also serve as a reference for metrologists, mathematicians, statisticians, software engineers, chemists, and other practitioners with a general interest in measurement science.
| Author | : Bronwyn H. Hall |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 86 |
| Release | : 2018 |
| Genre | : BUSINESS & ECONOMICS |
| ISBN | : 9781680834017 |
The measurement of scientific, technological, and innovative activities (STI) in the economy is an increasing challenge faced by statistical agencies around the world. Measuring Science, Technology, and Innovation: A Review surveys the current state of the art including the concept of indicators, their quality and use, and a schematic model of the STI system that can identify gaps in the set of indicators commonly in use. The authors review the developments in STI measurement that have taken place in the rest of the world, particularly the widespread use of innovation surveys. The monograph concludes with a discussion of the measurement gaps and issues in the U.S., which we identify as innovation (especially in the service sector), non-R&D investment related to innovation, data timeliness, data linkages, measurement related to public policy goals, and the sources of capital for innovation.After an introduction, Section 2 summarizes the framework for analysis of the STI system that is most widely used by economists. Section 3 considers how the specific data currently collected by the U.S. government, and indicators constructed from those data, relate to the important concepts within the framework. Section 4 expands this discussion by reviewing data collected and indicators published by other countries and international organizations. Section 5 then turns to the issues of policy, and draws explicit connections between important policy questions and indicators, using the framework of Section 2. Section 6 builds on these discussions to highlight gaps and issues with the existing indicators, and Section 7 provides concluding comments.
| Author | : Horst Czichos |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 213 |
| Release | : 2018-04-12 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 3319763857 |
This book presents the principles, methods and techniques to characterize materials and technical systems. The book is organized with concise text-graphics compilations in three parts: The first part describes the fundamentals of measurement, testing and sensor technology, including a survey of sensor types for dimensional metrology, kinematics, dynamics, and temperature. It describes also microsensors and embedded sensors. The second part gives an overview of materials and explains the application of measurement, testing and sensor technology to characterize composition, microstructure, properties and performance of materials as well as deterioration mechanisms and reliability. The third part introduces the general systems theory for the characterization of technical systems, exemplified by mechatronic and tribological systems. It describes technical diagnostics for structural health monitoring and performance control.
