Literati Lenses PDF Download

This dissertation probes into the Chinese cinematic appropriation of landscape aesthetics, particularly the established motifs and themes within the literati art tradition. The period under examination is between the 1950s and late 1970s. While literati art itself has undergone many changes in the twentieth century and has found itself in a delicate situation in the post-1949 political reality, and while its marriage to cinema, an audacious although sometimes crude project undertaken by so many films in the 1930s and 40s and apparently suspended in mainstream cinema during the three decades after 1949, this dissertation demonstrates that its vital signs are still detectable in many of the films and are especially vivid in some of the "problematic" films made during the sporadic "thawing" periods in between political campaigns and crackdowns. This research uncovers this obscure lineage between cinema of this era and traditional landscape art and sheds light on how such allusions to the pictorial traditions and conventions associated with a bygone era took on different significances and even transformative meanings in the contemporary context. In particular, this work examines the representation of iconic loci in traditional landscape art such as Mt. Huang and "jiangnan" in films such as Li Shizhen (1956) and Stage Sisters (1965), and it interrogates the notions of monumentality, history, and memory. The dissertation further investigates the visual motif of a Chinese antiquarian utopia "Peach Blossom Spring" and how that motif is re-appropriated and re-framed in the 1964 film Early Spring in February. This film embodies a complex history of discourses as it is based on a 1929 novella that reflects on the post-1919 psychology of new Chinese intellectuals, and it is a film made in the 1960s that pays homage to the unfinished enlightenment project of the 1920s that was interred by the current political culture. The last chapter is a study of ruins in post Cultural Revolution films such as Legends of Tianyunshan (1979) and how ruins, an interesting visual theme in literati landscape paintings, are introduced in the film to embody the experiences of Chinese intellectuals in the recent history of People's Republic of China. This dissertation contributes to the study of Chinese cinema a fresh look at landscape representation and how landscape can be infused with a narrative to heighten the agenda of the film's political goal and sometimes to offer a quiet and disquieting alteric text that upsets and undermines the apparent message. They can be utopian conjurations, monumental sites, and loci of history, but they can also be heterotopian spaces, sites of memory that whisper another story in the voice of the (un)dead, asking to be exhumed and re-examined.