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Incomplete Information, Heterogeneity, and Asset Pricing

Incomplete Information, Heterogeneity, and Asset Pricing
Author: Tony Berrada
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2010
Genre:
ISBN:

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We consider a pure exchange economy where the drift of aggregate consumption is unobservable. Agents with heterogeneous beliefs and preferences act competitively on financial and goods markets. We discuss how equilibrium market prices of risk differ across agents, and in particular we discuss the properties of the market price of risk under the physical (objective) probability measure. We propose a number of specifications of risk aversions and beliefs where the market price of risk is much higher, and the riskless rate of return lower, than in the equivalent full information economy (homogeneous and heterogeneous preferences) and thus can provide an(other) answer to the equity premium and risk-free rate puzzles. We also derive a representation of the equilibrium volatility and numerically assess the role of heterogeneity in beliefs. We show that a high level of stock volatility can be obtained with a low level of aggregate consumption volatility when beliefs are heterogeneous. Finally, we discuss how incomplete information may explain the apparent predictability in stock returns and show that in-sample predictability cannot be exploited by the agents, as it is in fact a result of their learning processes.


Incomplete Information, Heterogeneity and Asset Pricing

Incomplete Information, Heterogeneity and Asset Pricing
Author: HEC Montréal. Centre de recherche en e-finance
Publisher: Montréal : HEC Montréal, Centre de recherche en e-finance
Total Pages: 70
Release: 2003
Genre:
ISBN:

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Incomplete Information and Heterogeneous Beliefs in Continuous-time Finance

Incomplete Information and Heterogeneous Beliefs in Continuous-time Finance
Author: Alexandre C. Ziegler
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 205
Release: 2012-11-02
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 3540247556

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After a brief review of the existing incomplete information literature, the effect of incomplete information on investors' exptected utility, risky asset prices, and interest rates is described. It is demonstrated that increasing the quality of investors' information need not increase their expected utility and the prices of risky assets. The impact of other factors is discussed in detail. It is also demonstrated that financial markets in general do not aggregate information efficiently, a fact that can explain the equity premium puzzle.


Heterogeneity and Asset Prices

Heterogeneity and Asset Prices
Author: Nicolae B. Gârleanu
Publisher:
Total Pages: 60
Release: 2020
Genre: Assets (Accounting)
ISBN:

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We develop a tractable asset-pricing framework characterized by imperfect risk sharing among cohorts, who experience different levels of integrated life-time endowments. While all asset-pricing implications stem from the heterogeneity of consumption among investors, cross-sectional measures of inequality are non-volatile, only weakly related to asset prices, and far more persistent than the price-to-dividend ratio. We show how to identify a marginal agent's consumption growth in this framework by utilizing cross-sectional information. Our proposed notion of marginal-agent consumption growth exhibits different and more volatile low-frequency variation than the aggregate consumption growth per capita, which is normally used in representative agent models. These low frequency movements in our measure of marginal agent consumption growth can explain a large portion of the low frequency movements in real interest rates and, when combined with recursive preferences, can account quantitatively for the stylized asset-pricing facts (high market price of risk, equity premium, volatility, and return predictability).


Incomplete Information, Heterogeneous Beliefs and the Statistical Properties of Asset Prices

Incomplete Information, Heterogeneous Beliefs and the Statistical Properties of Asset Prices
Author: Tony Berrada
Publisher:
Total Pages: 50
Release: 2003
Genre:
ISBN:

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I consider a pure exchange economy where the growth rate of aggregate consumption is mean reverting and unobservable. Agents have heterogenous beliefs which they continuously update. I study the properties of asset prices as they can be measured by an outside observer (objective probability). First, it is shown that under the objective probability, the market price of risk (Sharpe ratio) is larger than the complete information equivalent, if the agents with higher level of expectations about the growth rate also have higher level of conditional variances. I provide an analytical formula for the volatility of the stock price which identifies the respective contributions of information incompleteness and heterogeneity in beliefs. It is shown that the volatility can be higher or lower than the complete information case, depending on the parametrization. I found that a parametric specification which yields a high level of volatility necessarily implies a negative covariance of the stock return with the interest rate. Finally I discuss why asset returns appear predictable in the objective probability measure when agents rationally update their beliefs by taking into account the observable variations of the dividend.


Heterogeneity and Asset Prices

Heterogeneity and Asset Prices
Author: Nicolae Garleanu
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2020
Genre:
ISBN:

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We develop a tractable asset-pricing framework characterized by imperfect risk sharing among cohorts, who experience different levels of integrated life-time endowments. While all asset-pricing implications stem from the heterogeneity of consumption among investors, cross-sectional measures of inequality are non-volatile, only weakly related to asset prices, and far more persistent than the price-to-dividend ratio. We show how to identify a marginal agent's consumption growth in this framework by utilizing cross-sectional information. Our proposed notion of marginal-agent consumption growth exhibits different and more volatile low-frequency variation than the aggregate consumption growth per capita, which is normally used in representative agent models. These low frequency movements in our measure of marginal agent consumption growth can explain a large portion of the low frequency movements in real interest rates and, when combined with recursive preferences, can account quantitatively for the stylized asset-pricing facts (high market price of risk, equity premium, volatility, and return predictability).


Asset Pricing and Portfolio Choice Theory

Asset Pricing and Portfolio Choice Theory
Author: Kerry E. Back
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 608
Release: 2017-01-04
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0190241152

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In the 2nd edition of Asset Pricing and Portfolio Choice Theory, Kerry E. Back offers a concise yet comprehensive introduction to and overview of asset pricing. Intended as a textbook for asset pricing theory courses at the Ph.D. or Masters in Quantitative Finance level with extensive exercises and a solutions manual available for professors, the book is also an essential reference for financial researchers and professionals, as it includes detailed proofs and calculations as section appendices. The first two parts of the book explain portfolio choice and asset pricing theory in single-period, discrete-time, and continuous-time models. For valuation, the focus throughout is on stochastic discount factors and their properties. A section on derivative securities covers the usual derivatives (options, forwards and futures, and term structure models) and also applications of perpetual options to corporate debt, real options, and optimal irreversible investment. A chapter on "explaining puzzles" and the last part of the book provide introductions to a number of additional current topics in asset pricing research, including rare disasters, long-run risks, external and internal habits, asymmetric and incomplete information, heterogeneous beliefs, and non-expected-utility preferences. Each chapter includes a "Notes and References" section providing additional pathways to the literature. Each chapter also includes extensive exercises.


Asset Pricing and Portfolio Choice Theory

Asset Pricing and Portfolio Choice Theory
Author: Kerry Back
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Total Pages: 504
Release: 2010
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0195380614

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This book covers the classical results on single-period, discrete-time, and continuous-time models of portfolio choice and asset pricing. It also treats asymmetric information, production models, various proposed explanations for the equity premium puzzle, and topics important for behavioral finance.


Imperfect Information and Investor Heterogeneity in the Bond Market

Imperfect Information and Investor Heterogeneity in the Bond Market
Author: Frank Riedel
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 119
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 364257663X

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Real world investors differ in their tastes and attitudes and they do not have, in general, perfect information about the future prospects of the economy. Most theoretical models, however, assume to the contrary that investors are homogeneous and perfectly informed about the market. In this book, an attempt is made to overcome these shortcomings. In three different case studies, the effect of heterogeneous time preferences, heterogeneous beliefs and imperfect information about the economy's growth on the term structure of interest rates are studied. The initial chapter gives an introduction to the theory of financial markets in continuous time under imperfect information and establishes the existence of an equilibrium with complete markets.