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Improved Mathematical Modeling for GPS Based Navigation

Improved Mathematical Modeling for GPS Based Navigation
Author: Salvatore Nardi
Publisher:
Total Pages: 144
Release: 1998-03-01
Genre: Global Positioning System
ISBN: 9781423563600
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This thesis is concerned with the development of new closed form GPS position determination algorithms that work in the presence of pseudorange measurement noise. The mathematical derivation of two closed form algorithms, based on stochastic modeling and estimation techniques, is presented. The algorithms provide an estimate of the GPS solution parameters (viz., the user position and the user clock bias) as well as the estimation error covariance. The experimental results are analyzed by comparison to the baseline results from the conventional Iterative Least Squares (ILS) algorithm. In typical GPS scenarios, the closed form algorithms are extremely sensitive to noise, making them unsuitable for stand-alone use; however, they perform very well at estimating horizontal position parameters in ground-based pseudolite planar array scenarios where the ILS algorithm breaks down due to poor geometry. For typical scenarios, the use of a supplementary algorithm is required to refine the solution. Thus, the derivation of two supplementary algorithms is presented; the first based on a maximum likelihood approach and the second uses a Kalman like update approach. Both supplementary algorithms produce results comparable to the ILS results, but the Kalman update approach is preferred. The advantages introduced by the closed form, supplemented by the Kalman update, algorithm are: (1) The capability to estimate its estimation error covariance, and (2) The potential for computational efficiency due to the closed form nature of the solution.

Computer Aided Algorithms Based on Mathematics and Machine Learning for Integrated GPS and INS Land Vehicle Navigation Systems

Computer Aided Algorithms Based on Mathematics and Machine Learning for Integrated GPS and INS Land Vehicle Navigation Systems
Author: Deepak Bhatt
Publisher:
Total Pages: 160
Release: 2014
Genre: Computer algorithms
ISBN:
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An integrated navigation system consisting of INS and GPS is usually preferred due to the reduced dependency on GPS-only navigator in an area prone to poor signal reception or affected by multipath. The performance of the integrated system largely depends upon the quality of the Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and the integration methodology. Considering the restricted use of high grade IMU and their associated price, low-cost IMUs are becoming the preferred choice for civilian navigation purposes. MEMS based inertial sensors have made possible the development of civilian land vehicle navigation as it offers small size and low-cost. However, these low-cost inertial sensors possess high inherent sensor errors such as biases, drift, noises etc. As a result, the accuracy of the integrated system degrades rapidly in a GPS denied environment. Thus, an accurate in-lab calibration and modeling of inertial sensor errors become mandatory before being deployed. This dissertation introduces a Support Vector Regression (SVR) based IMU error modeling approach for improving the low-cost navigation system accuracy. A low-cost MEMS based IMU offered by cloud cap technology, Crista IMU is used to evaluate the SVR based error modeling approach effectiveness. Alternatively, the IMU derived navigation solution and GPS data is fused to output the more reliable navigation solution and model the errors in the inertial navigation solution simultaneously. This fusion and error modeling continues during the GPS signal availability. In the case of GPS outages, the developed error model is utilized to improve the integrated navigation system accuracy. Thus, in a continued effort to improve the standalone low-cost IMU derived navigation solution reliability during GPS outages, an intelligent technique utilizing neural networks and a hybrid of mathematics and support vector based fusion algorithms are proposed fusing INS and GPS data in an open and closed loop fashion. The performance of the proposed techniques and algorithm is evaluated using real field test data utilizing low-cost MEMS IMU, Crossbow IMU 300CC-100 and a Novatel OEM GPS receiver. The test results demonstrated the improved positioning accuracy in comparison to existing techniques and showed a substantial reduction in standalone Inertial Navigation System (INS) position error drift during GPS outages. Further, a feasibility of statistical based approaches consisting of Cubist, Random Forest and Support Vector Regression is evaluated for a low-cost INS and GPS integrated system. Through experimental demonstration, Random forest regression was found to be a suitable candidate for INS and GPS data fusion as it offers the least training time and ability to tuned the parameter automatically.

GPS Stochastic Modelling

GPS Stochastic Modelling
Author: Xiaoguang Luo
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 345
Release: 2013-07-06
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 364234836X
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Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), such as GPS, have become an efficient, reliable and standard tool for a wide range of applications. However, when processing GNSS data, the stochastic model characterising the precision of observations and the correlations between them is usually simplified and incomplete, leading to overly optimistic accuracy estimates. This work extends the stochastic model using signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) measurements and time series analysis of observation residuals. The proposed SNR-based observation weighting model significantly improves the results of GPS data analysis, while the temporal correlation of GPS observation noise can be efficiently described by means of autoregressive moving average (ARMA) processes. Furthermore, this work includes an up-to-date overview of the GNSS error effects and a comprehensive description of various mathematical methods.

Global Positioning Systems, Inertial Navigation, and Integration

Global Positioning Systems, Inertial Navigation, and Integration
Author: Mohinder S. Grewal
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 415
Release: 2004-04-05
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0471463868
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The only comprehensive guide to Kalman filtering and its applications to real-world GPS/INS problems Written by recognized authorities in the field, this book provides engineers, computer scientists, and others with a working familiarity with the theory and contemporary applications of Global Positioning Systems (GPS), Inertial Navigational Systems, and Kalman filters. Throughout, the focus is on solving real-world problems, with an emphasis on the effective use of state-of-the-art integration techniques for those systems, especially the application of Kalman filtering. To that end, the authors explore the various subtleties, common failures, and inherent limitations of the theory as it applies to real-world situations, and provide numerous detailed application examples and practice problems, including GPS-aided INS, modeling of gyros and accelerometers, and WAAS and LAAS. Drawing upon their many years of experience with GPS, INS, and the Kalman filter, the authors present numerous design and implementation techniques not found in other professional references, including original techniques for: * Representing the problem in a mathematical model * Analyzing the performance of the GPS sensor as a function of model parameters * Implementing the mechanization equations in numerically stable algorithms * Assessing computation requirements * Testing the validity of results * Monitoring GPS, INS, and Kalman filter performance in operation In order to enhance comprehension of the subjects covered, the authors have included software in MATLAB, demonstrating the workings of the GPS, INS, and filter algorithms. In addition to showing the Kalman filter in action, the software also demonstrates various practical aspects of finite word length arithmetic and the need for alternative algorithms to preserve result accuracy.

Position, Navigation, and Timing Technologies in the 21st Century

Position, Navigation, and Timing Technologies in the 21st Century
Author: Y. Jade Morton
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 4407
Release: 2020-12-17
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1119458404
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Covers the latest developments in PNT technologies, including integrated satellite navigation, sensor systems, and civil applications Featuring sixty-four chapters that are divided into six parts, this two-volume work provides comprehensive coverage of the state-of-the-art in satellite-based position, navigation, and timing (PNT) technologies and civilian applications. It also examines alternative navigation technologies based on other signals-of-opportunity and sensors and offers a comprehensive treatment on integrated PNT systems for consumer and commercial applications. Volume 1 of Position, Navigation, and Timing Technologies in the 21st Century: Integrated Satellite Navigation, Sensor Systems, and Civil Applications contains three parts and focuses on the satellite navigation systems, technologies, and engineering and scientific applications. It starts with a historical perspective of GPS development and other related PNT development. Current global and regional navigation satellite systems (GNSS and RNSS), their inter-operability, signal quality monitoring, satellite orbit and time synchronization, and ground- and satellite-based augmentation systems are examined. Recent progresses in satellite navigation receiver technologies and challenges for operations in multipath-rich urban environment, in handling spoofing and interference, and in ensuring PNT integrity are addressed. A section on satellite navigation for engineering and scientific applications finishes off the volume. Volume 2 of Position, Navigation, and Timing Technologies in the 21st Century: Integrated Satellite Navigation, Sensor Systems, and Civil Applications consists of three parts and addresses PNT using alternative signals and sensors and integrated PNT technologies for consumer and commercial applications. It looks at PNT using various radio signals-of-opportunity, atomic clock, optical, laser, magnetic field, celestial, MEMS and inertial sensors, as well as the concept of navigation from Low-Earth Orbiting (LEO) satellites. GNSS-INS integration, neuroscience of navigation, and animal navigation are also covered. The volume finishes off with a collection of work on contemporary PNT applications such as survey and mobile mapping, precision agriculture, wearable systems, automated driving, train control, commercial unmanned aircraft systems, aviation, and navigation in the unique Arctic environment. In addition, this text: Serves as a complete reference and handbook for professionals and students interested in the broad range of PNT subjects Includes chapters that focus on the latest developments in GNSS and other navigation sensors, techniques, and applications Illustrates interconnecting relationships between various types of technologies in order to assure more protected, tough, and accurate PNT Position, Navigation, and Timing Technologies in the 21st Century: Integrated Satellite Navigation, Sensor Systems, and Civil Applications will appeal to all industry professionals, researchers, and academics involved with the science, engineering, and applications of position, navigation, and timing technologies. pnt21book.com

Army AL&T

Army AL&T
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 180
Release: 2001
Genre: Logistics
ISBN:
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Introduction To Modern Navigation Systems

Introduction To Modern Navigation Systems
Author: Esmat Bekir
Publisher: World Scientific
Total Pages: 255
Release: 2007-07-26
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 9814475238
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The emerging technology of very inexpensive inertial sensors is available for navigation as never before. The book lays the analytical foundation for understanding and implementing the navigation equations. It starts by demystifying the central theme of the frame rotation using such algorithms as the quaternions, the rotation vector and the Euler angles. After developing navigation equations, the book introduces the computational issues and discusses the physical aspects that are tied to implementing these equations. The book then explains alignment techniques.Introduction to Modern Navigation Systems offers an efficient algorithm for polar navigation. It also shows how to enhance the performance of the inertial system when aided by the Global Positioning System. It is an appropriate textbook for senior undergraduate and graduate students in aeronautical and electrical engineering. It could also be used as a reference book for practitioners in the field.

Applied Mathematics in Integrated Navigation Systems

Applied Mathematics in Integrated Navigation Systems
Author: Robert M. Rogers
Publisher: AIAA
Total Pages: 356
Release: 2003
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 9781563476563
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Descripción dele ditor: "The subject of integrated navigation systems covered in this book is designed for those directly involved with the design, integration, and test and evaluation of navigation systems. It is assumed that the reader has a background in mathematics, including calculus. Integrated navigation systems are the combination of an onboard navigation solution (position, velocity, and attitude) and independent navigation data (aids to navigation) to update or correct navigation solutions. In this book, this combination is accomplished with Kalman filter algorithms. Elements of basic mathematics, kinematics, equations describing navigation systems/sensors and their error models, aids to navigation, and Kalman filtering are developed. Detailed derivations are presented and examples are given to aid in the understanding of these elements of integrated navigation systems. Problems are included to expand the application of the materials presented. The third edition includes additional background material, exercises and software. The added material includes: development of general form for Earth's gravitational potential with simplification to an ellipsoid model; development of satellite orbital equations for position and velocity and the impact of non-spherical earth gravitation on satellite orbital parameters; and illustrations in the development of derivative-free Kalman filters including the Unscented and Divided Difference filter forms. Additional exercises are included that expand and supplement the material in the text and demonstrate properties of the Kalman filter. Additional software is included in this edition for simulating random processes and derivative-free filter implementations. This edition provides a more complete foundation for addressing the different aspects of integrated navigation systems.This BookApplied Mathematics in Integrated Navigation Systems, Third Edition coverCopyright © 2007 by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc.https://doi.org/10.2514/4.861598Supplemental MaterialsPricesHardbackMember: $74.95List: $94.95Not an AIAA Member? Join today and start saving!Site Tools Sign up for e-alerts RSS" (ARC).