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INDIA IN TRANSITION A STUDY IN POLITICAL EVOLUTION BY HIS HIGHNESS THE AGA KHAN BENNETT, COLEMAN AND CO., LTD. THE TIMES OF INDIA OFFICES BOMBAY AND CALCUTTA TO MY MOTHER For, always roaming with a hungry heart. Much have I seen and known. tk ULYSSE TENNYSON. FOREWORD MR. MONTAGUS historic announcement last August that he was to proceed to India to discuss the extent and form of the sub stantial steps to be taken in the direction of self-governing institutions, and to receive with Lord Chelmsford the suggestions of representative bodies and others, confirmed me in the intention I had formed on finding I was debarred on medical grounds from Army service in the Allied cause to return to India last winter. I cherished the hope that I might be of some small service to my country in helping to shape some of the representations which might be made, and in contributing to the success of so momentous a mission by a British statesman whose eal and devotion in promoting the welfare of India had greatly impressed the Indian people during the time of his Under secretary ship at the India Office. My plans and hopes were thwarted, however, by a painful and tedious malady requiring surgical treatment in Europe, and fully six months of rest and retirement in a prescribed climate. The eminent specialists consulted were peremptory in refusing my appeal to be permitted to carry out my plans. They were confident that within two or three weeks of my landing in Bombay I should be laid aside by severe illness, making it quite viii FOREWORD impossible for me to render the public service I had in view. Their assurances that acceptance of their advice and the regimen prescribed would most probably restore me tovigorous health are being confirmed as time goes on. The bitterness of my disappointment was con siderably mitigated when, acting on the suggestion of valued friends, I obtained the assent of the specialists to my spending two or three hours daily during my enforced retirement and rest in con secutive literary work, for the purpose of present ing a detailed exposition of my views on Indian reconstruction. I had been approached frequently in the past dozen years or so by publishing houses with requests to write a book on cimvnt topics. Though the idea was not without attraction, I did not consider that the time was ripe to bring it to fruition and I continued to limit my public utterances to speeches in India and in England, and to occasional review and newspaper articles. I now felt it a duty, as well as a privilege, to give a detailed exposition of my thoughts on India, and my hopes and aspirations for the future, as a contribution to the many-sided problem Mr. Montagu has been investigating. The reader will pardon, I trust, these personal details since they are required for an understanding of the conditions in which my views have been formulated and presented. They may be pleaded in mitigation of shortcomings in execution, of which I am only too conscious. In my retirement the verification of references has not been easy, nor have I had the opportunities of consultation on questions of fact or policy which might other wise have been available. The-revision of proofs, FOREWORD ix in the later stages, I have been compelled to leave to others, in order to obviate any greater delay than present difficulties of book production in England imposes. My limitations, however, have not beenwithout their compensations. Enforced exclusion from the arena of day by day discussion in India, how ever disappointing, may have contributed at least to the dispassionateness with which I have sought to temper the ardour of my Indian patriotism and my belief in the inherent possibilities of my countrymen under the more favourable political conditions I advocate. Though outside the current, I have been able to watch its course with the help of many kind correspondents and occasional visitors, and by careful study of the organs of opinion in India...
