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| Author | : Sayantani DasGupta |
| Publisher | : Lexington Books |
| Total Pages | : 278 |
| Release | : 2014-02-14 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 0739187430 |
Download Globalization and Transnational Surrogacy in India Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
From computer support and hotel reservations to laboratory results and radiographic interpretations, it seems everything can be ‘outsourced’ in our globalized world. One would not think so with parenthood, however, especially motherhood, as it is a fundamental activity humans have historically preserved as personal and private. In our modern age, however, the advent and accessibility of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) and the ease with which they have traversed global borders, has fundamentally altered the meaning of childbearing and parenting. In thetwenty-first century, parenthood is no longer achieved only through gestation, adoption, or traditional surrogacy, but also via assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs), where science and technology play lead roles. Furthermore, in a globalized world economy, where the movement and transfer of people and commodities are increasing to serve the interests of capitalism, gamete donation and surrogate birth can traverse innumerable geographic, socio-economic, racialized, and political borderlands. Thus, reproduction itself can be outsourced. This edited volume explores one specific aspect of the new assisted reproductive technologies: gestational surrogacy and how its practice is changing the traditional concept of parenthood across the globe. The phenomenon of transnational surrogacy has given rise to a thriving international industry where money is being ‘legally’ exchanged for babies and ‘reproductive labor’ has taken on a lucrative commercial tone. Yet, law, research, and activism are barely aware of this experience and are still playing catch-up with rapidly changing on-the-ground realities. This interdisciplinary collection of essays assuages the dearth of knowledge and addresses significant issues in transnational commercial gestational surrogacy as it takes shape in a peculiar relation between the West (primarily the United States) and India.
| Author | : Amrita Pande |
| Publisher | : Columbia University Press |
| Total Pages | : 269 |
| Release | : 2014-09-23 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 0231538189 |
Download Wombs in Labor Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Surrogacy is India's new form of outsourcing, as couples from all over the world hire Indian women to bear their children for a fraction of the cost of surrogacy elsewhere with little to no government oversight or regulation. In the first detailed ethnography of India's surrogacy industry, Amrita Pande visits clinics and hostels and speaks with surrogates and their families, clients, doctors, brokers, and hostel matrons in order to shed light on this burgeoning business and the experiences of the laborers within it. From recruitment to training to delivery, Pande's research focuses on how reproduction meets production in surrogacy and how this reflects characteristics of India's larger labor system. Pande's interviews prove surrogates are more than victims of disciplinary power, and she examines the strategies they deploy to retain control over their bodies and reproductive futures. While some women are coerced into the business by their families, others negotiate with clients and their clinics to gain access to technologies and networks otherwise closed to them. As surrogates, the women Pande meets get to know and make the most of advanced medical discoveries. They traverse borders and straddle relationships that test the boundaries of race, class, religion, and nationality. Those who focus on the inherent inequalities of India's surrogacy industry believe the practice should be either banned or strictly regulated. Pande instead advocates for a better understanding of this complex labor market, envisioning an international model of fair-trade surrogacy founded on openness and transparency in all business, medical, and emotional exchanges.
| Author | : Sharmila Rudrappa |
| Publisher | : NYU Press |
| Total Pages | : 222 |
| Release | : 2015-12-04 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 1479879487 |
Download Discounted Life Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Winner, American Sociological Association Asia and Asian America Section Best Book on Asia/Transnational Asia Finalist, 2015 C. Wright Mills Award from the Society for the Study of Social Problems India is the top provider of surrogacy services in the world, with a multi-million dollar surrogacy industry that continues to grow exponentially, as increasing numbers of couples from developed nations look for wombs in which to grow their babies. Some scholars have exulted transnational surrogacy for the possibilities it opens for infertile couples, while others have offered bioethical cautionary tales, rebuked exploitative intended parents, or lamented the exploitation of surrogate mothers—but very little is known about the experience of and transaction between surrogate mothers and intended parents outside the lens of the many agencies that control surrogacy in India. Drawing from rich interviews with surrogate mothers and egg donors in Bangalore, as well as twenty straight and gay couples in the U.S. and Australia, Discounted Life focuses on the processes of social and market exchange in transnational surrogacy. Sharmila Rudrappa interrogates the creation and maintenance of reproductive labor markets, the function of agencies and surrogacy brokers, and how women become surrogate mothers. Is surrogacy solely a labor contract for which the surrogate mother receives wages, or do its meanings and import exceed the confines of the market? Rudrappa argues that this reproductive industry is organized to control and disempower women workers and yet her interviews reveal that, by and large, the surrogate mothers in Bangalore found the experience life affirming. Rudrappa explores this tension, and the lived realities of many surrogate mothers whose deepening bodily commodification is paradoxically experienced as a revitalizing life development. A detailed and moving study, Discounted Life delineates how local labor markets intertwine with global reproduction industries, how Bangalore’s surrogate mothers make sense of their participation in reproductive assembly lines, and the remarkable ways in which they negotiate positions of power for themselves in progressively untenable socio-economic conditions.
| Author | : Daisy Deomampo |
| Publisher | : NYU Press |
| Total Pages | : 285 |
| Release | : 2016-09-27 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 1479890375 |
Download Transnational Reproduction Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Transnational Reproduction traces the relationships among Western aspiring parents, Indian surrogates, and egg donors from around the world. In the early 2010s India was one of the top providers of surrogacy services in the world. Drawing on interviews with commissioning parents, surrogates, and egg donors as well as doctors and family members, Daisy Deomampo argues that while the surrogacy industry in India offers a clear example of “stratified reproduction”—the ways in which political, economic, and social forces structure the conditions under which women carry out physical and social reproductive labor—it also complicates that concept as the various actors in this reproductive work struggle to understand their relationships to one another. The book shows how these actors make sense of their connections, illuminating the ways in which kinship ties are challenged, transformed, or reinforced in the context of transnational gestational surrogacy. The volume revisits the concept of stratified reproduction in ways that offer a more robust and nuanced understanding of race and power as ideas about kinship intersect with structures of inequality. It demonstrates that while reproductive actors share a common quest for conception, they make sense of family in the context of globalized assisted reproductive technologies in very different ways. In doing so, Deomampo uncovers the specific racial reproductive imaginaries that underpin the unequal relations at the heart of transnational surrogacy.
| Author | : Anindita Majumdar |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
| Total Pages | : 271 |
| Release | : 2017-06-29 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 0199091420 |
Download Transnational Commercial Surrogacy and the (Un)Making of Kin in India Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
As commercial surrogacy in India dominates public conversations around reproduction, new kinds of families, and changing trends in globalization, its lived realities become an important aspect of emerging research. This book maps the way in which in vitro fertilization (IVF) specialists, surrogacy agents, commissioning couples, surrogate mothers, and egg donors contribute to the understanding of interpersonal relations in the process of commercial surrogacy. In this book, Majumdar draws from a context that is enmeshed in the local–global politics of reproduction, including the ways in which the transnational commercial surrogacy arrangement has led to an ongoing debate regarding ethics and morality in the sphere of reproductive rights. In weaving together the diverse, often conflicting experiences of individuals and families, the transnational commercial surrogacy arrangement comes alive as a process mirroring larger societal anxieties with reference to technological interventions in intimate relationships. It is these anxieties, dilemmas, and their negotiations to which the book is addressed.
| Author | : Miranda Davies |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 400 |
| Release | : 2017 |
| Genre | : Bioethics |
| ISBN | : 9781350218567 |
Download Babies for Sale? Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
"Transnational surrogacy--the creation of babies across borders--has become big business. Globalization, reproductive technologies, new family formations and rising infertility are combining to produce a 'quiet revolution' in social and medical ethics and the nature of parenthood. Whereas much of the current scholarship has focused on the US and India, this groundbreaking anthology offers a far wider perspective. Featuring contributions from over thirty activists and scholars from a range of countries and disciplines, this collection offers the first genuinely international study of transnational surrogacy. Its innovative bottom-up approach, rooted in feminist perspectives, gives due prominence to the voices of those most affected by the global surrogacy chain, namely the surrogate mothers, donors, prospective parents and the children themselves. Through case studies ranging from Israel to Mexico, the book outlines the forces that are driving the growth of transnational surrogacy, as well as its implications for feminism, human rights, motherhood and masculinity"--Back cover.
| Author | : Daisy F. Deomampo |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 558 |
| Release | : 2013 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9781303532719 |
Download The New Global Division of Labor Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This dissertation examines the transnational surrogacy industry in India, in which would-be parents travel from around the globe to India in order to obtain assisted reproductive technology (ART) procedures such as in vitro fertilization, egg donation, and gestational surrogacy. While processes of human reproduction have become increasingly commodified and disaggregated, a new spatial division of labor has surfaced as laws in different countries facilitate or impede various fertility treatments. In recent years, India has emerged as a global "hub" of transnational surrogacy arrangements, in part because of lower costs but also due to minimal regulatory frameworks for the provision of ARTs. This dissertation details how these variables---the absence of laws governing ARTs in India, the relatively low cost of services, and the transnational clientele---influenced the expansion of ART services in India aimed specifically at global consumers, and the attendant implications for understanding kinship relations within global reproductive networks.
| Author | : Daphna Hacker |
| Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2017-08-18 |
| Genre | : Law |
| ISBN | : 9781316508213 |
Download Legalized Families in the Era of Bordered Globalization Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Providing a panoramic and interdisciplinary perspective, this book explores the interrelations between globalization, borders, families and the law. It considers the role of international, multi-national and religious laws in shaping the lives of the millions of families that are affected by the opportunities and challenges created by globalization, and the ongoing resilience of national borders and cultural boundaries. Examining familial life-span stages - establishing spousal relations, raising children and being cared for in old age - Hacker demonstrates the fruitfulness in studying families beyond the borders of national family law, and highlights the relevance of immigration and citizenship law, public and private international law and other branches of law. This book provides a rich empirical description of families in our era. It is relevant not only to legal scholars and practitioners but also to scholars and students within the sociology of the family, globalization studies, border studies, immigration studies and gender studies.
| Author | : Stephanie Brooks |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 68 |
| Release | : 2020 |
| Genre | : Mass media |
| ISBN | : |
Download US Media Representations of Transnational Indian Surrogacy Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Transnational commercial surrogacy brought billions of dollars from the United States to the Indian economy. During this time, beginning in 2002, this practice was and continues to be scrutinized by scholars from various academic fields. In this study the researcher analyzes how the emergence of transnational commercial surrogacy in India was portrayed in US media through multiple outlets including newswires, magazines, transcripts, and web publications. In this qualitative study, the researcher performed purposive sampling to locate articles within the Nexis Uni database between the dates of January 1, 2006 and January 1, 2015. Using flexible coding, and qualitative content analysis the researcher coded thirty news items. Four themes emerged including: law, money made in a certain period of time (with subthemes of globalization and exploitation), surrogate health, and intended parents desperation for children. Additionally, the researcher contextualizes transnational commercial surrogacy within Postcolonial Feminist critiques-specifically those arguing that the practice retrenches colonial thinking and practices. This study recommends that, should transnational commercial surrogacy become legal again in India, Indian lawmakers ensure surrogates ensure surrogates health and personal freedoms while performing this labor. Also, this study recommends that Indian surrogates are paid fees comparable to their Western counterparts.
| Author | : Yasmine Ergas |
| Publisher | : Columbia University Press |
| Total Pages | : 338 |
| Release | : 2017-10-10 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 0231538073 |
Download Reassembling Motherhood Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The word “mother” traditionally meant a woman who bears and nurtures a child. In recent decades, changes in social norms and public policy as well as advances in reproductive technologies and the development of markets for procreation and care have radically expanded definitions of motherhood. But while maternity has become a matter of choice for more women, the freedom to make reproductive decisions is unevenly distributed. Restrictive policies, socioeconomic disadvantages, cultural mores, and discrimination force some women into motherhood and prevent others from caring for their children. Reassembling Motherhood brings together contributors from across the disciplines to consider the transformation of motherhood as both an identity and a role. It examines how the processes of bearing and rearing a child are being restructured as reproductive labor and care work change around the globe. The authors examine issues such as artificial reproductive technologies, surrogacy, fetal ultrasounds, adoption, nonparental care, and the legal status of kinship, showing how complex chains of procreation and childcare have simultaneously generated greater liberty and new forms of constraint. Emphasizing the tension between the liberalization of procreation and care on the one hand, and the limits to their democratization due to race, class, and global inequality on the other, the book highlights debates that have emerged as these multifaceted changes have led to both the fragmentation and reassembling of motherhood.
