Getting Patents And Economic Data To Speak To Each Other An Algorithmic Links With Probabilities Approach For Joint Analyses Of Patenting And Economic Activity PDF Download
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Author | : Travis J. Lybbert |
Publisher | : WIPO |
Total Pages | : 32 |
Release | : 2012 |
Genre | : Law |
ISBN | : |
Download Getting Patents and Economic Data to Speak to Each Other: An “Algorithmic Links with Probabilities” Approach for Joint Analyses of Patenting and Economic Activity Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
In this paper, the authors describe and explore a new algorithmic approach to constructing concordances between the International Patent Classification (IPC) system and industry classification systems that organize economic data. This ‘Algorithmic Links with Probabilities’ (ALP) approach incorporates text analysis software and keyword extraction programs and applies them to a comprehensive patent dataset. The authors conclude with a discussion on some of the possible applications of the concordance and provide a sample analysis that uses their preferred ALP concordance to analyze international patent flows based on trade patterns.
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 32 |
Release | : 2012 |
Genre | : Patents |
ISBN | : |
Download Getting Patents and Economic Data to Speak to Each Other Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
In this paper, the authors describe and explore a new algorithmic approach to constructing concordances between the International Patent Classification (IPC) system and industry classification systems that organize economic data. This 'Algorithmic Links with Probabilities' (ALP) approach incorporates text analysis software and keyword extraction programs and applies them to a comprehensive patent dataset. The authors conclude with a discussion on some of the possible applications of the concordance and provide a sample analysis that uses their preferred ALP concordance to analyze international patent flows based on trade patterns.
Author | : World Intellectual Property Organization |
Publisher | : WIPO |
Total Pages | : 31 |
Release | : 2014 |
Genre | : Law |
ISBN | : |
Download An "Algorithmic Links with Probabilities" Concordance for Trademarks For Disaggregated Analysis of Trademark and Economic Data Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The authors propose an ‘Algorithmic Links with Probabilities’ (ALP) approach to match Trademarks (TMs) data to economic data and enable these data to speak to each other. Specifically, they construct a NICE Class Level concordance that maps TM data into trade and industry categories forward and backward. This concordance allows researchers to analyze differences in TM usage across both economic and TM sectors. In this paper, the authors apply this ALP concordance for TMs to characterize patterns in TM applications across countries, industries, income levels and more. They also use the concordance to investigate some of the key determinants of international technology transfer by comparing bilateral TM applications and bilateral patent applications.
Author | : Nathan Goldschlag |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 22 |
Release | : 2016 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Download An 'Algorithmic Links with Probabilities' Crosswalk for USPC and CPC Patent Classifications with an Application Towards Industrial Technology Composition Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Patents are a useful proxy for innovation, technological change, and diffusion. However, fully exploiting patent data for economic analyses requires patents be tied to measures of economic activity, which has proven to be difficult. Recently, Lybbert and Zolas (2014) have constructed an International Patent Classification (IPC) to industry classification crosswalk using an 'Algorithmic Links with Probabilities' approach. In this paper, we utilize a similar approach and apply it to new patent classification schemes, the U.S. Patent Classification (USPC) system and Cooperative Patent Classification (CPC) system. The resulting USPC-Industry and CPC-Industry concordances link both U.S. and global patents to multiple vintages of the North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS), International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), Harmonized System (HS) and Standard International Trade Classification (SITC). We then use the crosswalk to highlight changes to industrial technology composition over time. We find suggestive evidence of strong persistence in the association between technologies and industries over time.
Author | : World Intellectual Property Organization |
Publisher | : WIPO |
Total Pages | : 74 |
Release | : 2017 |
Genre | : Law |
ISBN | : |
Download Measuring the income to intangibles in goods production: a global value chain approach Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Today’s production processes are fragmented across countries and industries. Intangibles play an important role, but their measurement is elusive. This paper proposes a new empirical framework to measure factor incomes in production that spans industries and countries.
Author | : World Intellectual Property Organization |
Publisher | : WIPO |
Total Pages | : 44 |
Release | : 2018 |
Genre | : Law |
ISBN | : |
Download The economic analysis of patent litigation data Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Enforceability of patent rights is the backbone of the patent system. We review differences in the way patent litigation systems are designed across jurisdictions. We also discuss challenges in collecting and accessing patent litigation data as well as their economic analysis. We provide some descriptive analysis of patent litigation in the U.S. and UK for the period 2010-2016 and 2007-2013, respectively. We also analyze administrative post-grant validity challenges in form of the inter partes review in the U.S. and oppositions at the EPO.
Author | : Ernest Miguelez |
Publisher | : WIPO |
Total Pages | : 33 |
Release | : 2013 |
Genre | : Law |
ISBN | : |
Download Measuring the International Mobility of Inventors: A New Database Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This paper has two objectives. First, it describes a new database mapping migratory patterns of inventors, extracted from information included in patent applications filed under the Patent Cooperation Treaty. It explains in detail the information contained in the database and discusses the usefulness and reliability of the underlying data. Second, the paper provides a descriptive overview of inventor migration patterns, based on the information contained in the newly constructed database.
Author | : Jonas Peters |
Publisher | : MIT Press |
Total Pages | : 289 |
Release | : 2017-11-29 |
Genre | : Computers |
ISBN | : 0262037319 |
Download Elements of Causal Inference Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
A concise and self-contained introduction to causal inference, increasingly important in data science and machine learning. The mathematization of causality is a relatively recent development, and has become increasingly important in data science and machine learning. This book offers a self-contained and concise introduction to causal models and how to learn them from data. After explaining the need for causal models and discussing some of the principles underlying causal inference, the book teaches readers how to use causal models: how to compute intervention distributions, how to infer causal models from observational and interventional data, and how causal ideas could be exploited for classical machine learning problems. All of these topics are discussed first in terms of two variables and then in the more general multivariate case. The bivariate case turns out to be a particularly hard problem for causal learning because there are no conditional independences as used by classical methods for solving multivariate cases. The authors consider analyzing statistical asymmetries between cause and effect to be highly instructive, and they report on their decade of intensive research into this problem. The book is accessible to readers with a background in machine learning or statistics, and can be used in graduate courses or as a reference for researchers. The text includes code snippets that can be copied and pasted, exercises, and an appendix with a summary of the most important technical concepts.
Author | : World Intellectual Property Organization |
Publisher | : WIPO |
Total Pages | : 33 |
Release | : 2016 |
Genre | : Law |
ISBN | : |
Download Identifying the gender of PCT inventors Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This paper analyzes the gender of inventors in international patent applications. We compile a worldwide gender-name dictionary, which includes 6.2 million names for 182 different countries to disambiguate the gender of PCT inventors. Our results suggest that there is a gender imbalance in PCT applications, but the proportion of women inventors is improving over time. We also find that the rates of women participation differ substantially across countries, technological fields and sectors.
Author | : Markus Simeth |
Publisher | : WIPO |
Total Pages | : 26 |
Release | : 2013 |
Genre | : Law |
ISBN | : |
Download What Makes Companies Pursue an Open Science Strategy? Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This paper explores the motivations of firms that disclose research outcomes in a scientific format. Besides considering an internal firm dimension, the authors focus particularly on knowledge sourcing from academic institutions and the appropriability regime using a cost-benefit framework. The analysis provides evidence that the access to important scientific knowledge imposes the adoption of academic disclosure principles, whereas the mere existence of collaborative links with academic institutions is not a strong predictor. Furthermore, the results suggest that overall industry conditions are influential in shaping the cost-benefit rationale of firms with respect to scientific disclosure.