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Genetic Perspectives in Thyroid Cancer

Genetic Perspectives in Thyroid Cancer
Author: Susana Nunes Silva
Publisher: MDPI
Total Pages: 118
Release: 2021-04-21
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 303650544X

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Thyroid cancer is an uncommon type of cancer, but it is one of the most common endocrine malignancies. The etiology of thyroid cancer is multifactorial, and radiation is the best documented risk factor related to the disease. Further risk factors have been hypothesized; however, we have yet to gather a wide range of information that will help us better understand the genetic mechanisms of thyroid cancer. The influence of genetics in the clinic and in therapeutics has been improved based on retrospective and prospective studies published worldwide in the last few decades, but the development of high through-put approaches has also been crucial. The new advances in high through-put methodologies such as next generation sequencing will open the door to new genetic variants that will help to clarify genotype–phenotype correlations, new gene associations, new genetic targets useful as potential biomarkers, and so on. The new decade that is now beginning may provide new evidence for the disease. “Genetic Perspectives in Thyroid Cancer” is an issue that intends to cover several topics on thyroid cancer, aiming to reach new findings based on genetic evidence in thyroid cancer as expressed in case studies, molecular approaches, and hereditary evidences, clinical and therapeutic developments.


Cancer Genomics

Cancer Genomics
Author: Angela Greco
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Total Pages: 42
Release: 2013-11-21
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0128061138

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Thyroid cancer represents the most common endocrine malignancy and its incidence is increasing. The majority of thyroid tumours (90–95%) originate from the follicular epithelial cells; it includes several histotypes and related variants characterized by different biological and clinical behavior, such as differentiated papillary and follicular carcinoma (PTC and FTC), and poorly differentiated and anaplastic carcinoma (PDTC and ATC). Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) represents a small fraction of thyroid tumors and originates from the parafollicular C cells. PTCs feature a frequent deregulation of the MAPK pathway, as RET/PTC, TRK, RAS or BRAF oncogenes have been found in about 70% of cases. FTCs are associated with RAS mutations and PAX8/PPARγ oncogenic chromosome rearrangements. PDTCs and ATCs display some alterations occurring in differentiated tumors, as well as other alterations specific of late tumor stages. MTC carry RET or RAS mutations. Here we summarize the molecular alterations detected in each thyroid tumor type, their role in the process of thyroid carcinogenesis, as well as how high-throughput gene expression analyses have contributed to the study of this malignancy.


The Genetics of Complex Thyroid Diseases

The Genetics of Complex Thyroid Diseases
Author: T. Akamizu
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 242
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 4431678859

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The rapid developments in molecular genetics have clarified many of the muta tions in monogenic thyroid diseases over the last two decades; now the target of molecular thyroid genetics has become the oligogenic thyroid diseases. These include the autoimmune thyroid diseases and familial thyroid cancers, both of which are much commoner than the monogenic diseases. However, the method ological approach to the genetics of these more complex diseases is still far from being well established. Although the discovery of susceptibility genes has been partially accomplished in complex diseases such as asthma, Crohn's dis ease, and types I and II diabetes mellitus, the elucidation of susceptibility genes in complex diseases remains a major challenge. This volume contains papers presented at the International Symposium on the Genetics of Complex Thyroid Diseases. This meeting was held in association with the International Thyroid Congress in Kyoto in October 2000 and sup ported in part by the Japan Intractable Diseases Research Foundation and Knoll Pharmaceuticals Inc. The symposium was the first international symposium con cerning the genetics of complex thyroid diseases and was restricted to the study of the autoimmune thyroid diseases and familial thyroid cancer. Twenty distin guished researchers from the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Ger many, Italy, and Japan were invited. Each presentation precipitated intense dis cussion and there was much consensus during the meeting. Nevertheless, this volume will leave the reader with a clear understanding of how little we still know.


The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology

The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology
Author: Syed Z. Ali
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 257
Release: 2010-03-20
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0387876669

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This atlas is the offspring of the “The National Cancer Institute (NCI) Thyroid Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) State of the Science Conference,” hosted by the NCI and organized by Dr. Andrea Abati. Preparations for the conference began 18 months earlier with the designation of a steering committee and the establishment of a dedicated, p- manent web site. The meeting took place on October 22 and 23, 2007 in Bethesda, Maryland and was co-moderated by Susan J. Mandel and Edmund S. Cibas. The discussions and conclusions regarding terminology and morphologic criteria 1, 2 from the meeting were summarized in publications by Baloch et al. and form the framework for this atlas. The atlas is organized by the general categories of “Nondiagnostic,” “Benign,” “Follicular Neoplasm/Suspicious for a Follicular Neoplasm”, “Suspicious for Malignancy,” and “Malignant,” and it includes the defi- tions and morphologic criteria of these categories as set forth by Baloch et al. The majority of the conference participants also agreed on a category of “undetermined significance,” which is incorporated in this atlas (Chap. 4). It is critical that the cytopathologist communicate thyroid FNA interpretations to the referring physician in terms that are succinct, unambiguous, and helpful clinically. We recognize that the terminology used here is a flexible framework that can be modified by individual laboratories to meet the needs of their providers and the patients they serve.


Current Knowledge in Thyroid Cancer—From Bench to Bedside

Current Knowledge in Thyroid Cancer—From Bench to Bedside
Author: Daniela Gabriele Grimm
Publisher: MDPI
Total Pages: 221
Release: 2018-06-27
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3038424765

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This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Current Knowledge in Thyroid Cancer—From Bench to Bedside" that was published in IJMS


Thyroid Cancer

Thyroid Cancer
Author: Ifigenia Kostoglou-Athanassiou
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2023
Genre:
ISBN: 9781803562865

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Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine cancer, although it is relatively rare compared to other cancers. Standard treatment involves thyroidectomy and radioiodine administration followed by life-long thyroxine administration. However, until recently, there was no medical treatment for advanced thyroid cancer. Advances in the genetics of thyroid cancer and in the treatment of other forms of cancer with tyrosine kinase inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment of advanced thyroid cancer. This book provides a comprehensive overview of thyroid cancer. It is organized into two sections on genetics and treatment. Chapters address such topics as the genetic susceptibility to differentiated thyroid cancer, the molecular basis of radioiodine treatment in thyroid cancer, recent developments in the medical treatment of advanced thyroid cancer, systemic therapy in thyroid cancer, and much more.


AJCC Cancer Staging Manual

AJCC Cancer Staging Manual
Author: Frederick L, Greene
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 386
Release: 2013-11-21
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 1475736568

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The American Joint Committee on Cancer's Cancer Staging Manual is used by physicians throughout the world to diagnose cancer and determine the extent to which cancer has progressed. All of the TNM staging information included in this Sixth Edition is uniform between the AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) and the UICC (International Union Against Cancer). In addition to the information found in the Handbook, the Manual provides standardized data forms for each anatomic site, which can be utilized as permanent patient records, enabling clinicians and cancer research scientists to maintain consistency in evaluating the efficacy of diagnosis and treatment. The CD-ROM packaged with each Manual contains printable copies of each of the book’s 45 Staging Forms.