From Reasons To Norms PDF Download
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Author | : Joseph Raz |
Publisher | : OUP Oxford |
Total Pages | : 220 |
Release | : 1999-09-09 |
Genre | : Philosophy |
ISBN | : 0191018589 |
Download Practical Reason and Norms Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Practical Reason and Norms focuses on three problems: In what way are rules normative, and how do they differ from ordinary reasons? What makes normative systems systematic? What distinguishes legal systems, and in what consists their normativity? All three questions are answered by taking reasons as the basic normative concept, and showing the distinctive role reasons have in every case, thus paving the way to a unified account of normativity. Rules are a structure of reasons to perform the required act and an exclusionary reason not to follow some competing reasons. Exclusionary reasons are explained, and used to unlock the secrets of orders, promises, and decisions as well as rules. Games are used to exemplify normative systems. Inevitably, the analysis extends to some aspects of normative discourse, which is truth-apt, but with a diminished assertoric force.
Author | : Torbjörn Tännsjö |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 175 |
Release | : 2009-12-12 |
Genre | : Philosophy |
ISBN | : 9048132851 |
Download From Reasons to Norms Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Metaethics is the inquiry into the nature of morality (or ethics, I use the words ‘morality’, ‘morals’, and ‘ethics’ as synonyms). When we pass moral judgements, what kind of claims are we then making? I speak of this as the semantic metaethical question. a re there moral facts, to be discovered by us and existing independently of our thoughts and conceptualisation? I speak of this as the ontological or me- physical metaethical question. a nd, if there are, can we know about them; and, if we can, how do we get this kind of knowledge? I speak of this as the epistemic metaethical question. a ll these metaethical questions, the semantic, the ontological, and the epistemic ones, are raised and discussed in this book, but they are not the core questions raised. I have been more concerned with another kind of questions, which deserve to be called metaethical as well: what are the problems of morality? a re there many different moral questions, or, do they all, in the final analysis, reduce to only a few, or perhaps just one? t his question is of special importance to a non-naturalist objectivist and realist like the present author, who believes that we do make truth-claims when we pass moral judgements and who believes that there is a truth in these matters so that we must face the possibility that even our most cherished moral judgements may be false.
Author | : Geoffrey Brennan |
Publisher | : Oxford University Press, USA |
Total Pages | : 301 |
Release | : 2013-09-05 |
Genre | : Philosophy |
ISBN | : 0199654689 |
Download Explaining Norms Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This book presents the concept of norms by four different philosophers. They discuss how norms emerge, persist, change, and how they serve to explain what we do.
Author | : Martin Grajner |
Publisher | : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG |
Total Pages | : 401 |
Release | : 2016-10-24 |
Genre | : Philosophy |
ISBN | : 3110493632 |
Download Epistemic Reasons, Norms and Goals Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
In recent years, questions about epistemic reasons, norms and goals have seen an upsurge of interest. The present volume brings together eighteen essays by established and upcoming philosophers in the field. The contributions are arranged into four sections: (1) epistemic reasons, (2) epistemic norms, (3) epistemic consequentialism and (4) epistemic goals and values. The volume is key reading for researchers interested in epistemic normativity.
Author | : James D. Wallace |
Publisher | : Cornell University Press |
Total Pages | : 153 |
Release | : 2011-03-15 |
Genre | : Philosophy |
ISBN | : 0801459621 |
Download Norms and Practices Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
We spend a great deal of time learning our vocations and avocations as we work at jobs, participate in home life, and take part in civic activities and politics. In doing so, we engage in practices that consist of complex bodies of norms. These practices themselves are bodies of knowledge-often acquired from others-about what we take to be good ways or right ways to do certain things. As we learn how to solve problems and act on this knowledge, the practice itself changes. In Norms and Practices, James D. Wallace shows that norms of all kinds, including ethical norms, are intensely social constructs learned through constant interaction with others. Wallace suggests that ethical norms have long been misunderstood as practice-independent prescriptions for behavior; he regards them instead as items of practical knowledge that are constituents of practices. We are given the luxury of learning from others' mistakes and successes, often in a very informal way. Such lessons from collective or individual experience often carry more weight than do pronouncements from an external source. Wallace shows that practices and norms, including ethical norms within such spheres as biomedical research, family life, and politics, continually change as practitioners face novel problems.
Author | : Philip Pettit |
Publisher | : Clarendon Press |
Total Pages | : 428 |
Release | : 2002-10-31 |
Genre | : Philosophy |
ISBN | : 0191530794 |
Download Rules, Reasons, and Norms Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Philip Pettit has drawn together here a series of interconnected essays on three subjects to which he has made notable contributions. The first part of the book deals with the rule-following character of thought. The second discusses the many factors to which choice is rationally responsive - and by reference to which choice can be explained - consistently with being under the control of thought. The third examines the implications of this multiple sensitivity for the normative regulation of social affairs. Thus the volume covers a large swathe of territory, ranging from metaphysics to philosophical psychology to the theory of rational regulation. The connections that Pettit makes between these areas are original and illuminating. Each part of the book develops a key theme. The first is that thought succeeds in following rules - and overcomes Wittgenstein's rule-following problem - so far as it is response-dependent; it is a sort of enterprise that is accessible only to creatures like us for whom certain responses are primitive and shared. The second is that while human choice may be sensitive to discursive reasons, as we would expect in a thinking subject, it can at the same time be subject to the control - the virtual control, in the model developed here - of rational self-interest. And the third is that the rational interest of agents in achieving esteem in the eyes of others, and in avoiding disesteem, exercises a virtual form of control that can explain the emergence of norms and various other aspects of social life.
Author | : Kenneth Westphal |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 1998 |
Genre | : PHILOSOPHY |
ISBN | : 9780823296415 |
Download Pragmatism, Reason, and Norms Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This collection of essays examines the issue of norms and social practices both in epistemology and in moral and social philosophy. The contributors examine the issue across an unprecedented range of issues, including epistemology (realism, perception, testimony), logic, education, foundations of morality, philosophy of law, the pragmatic account of norms and their justification, and the pragmatic character of reason itself.
Author | : Friedrich V. Kratochwil |
Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
Total Pages | : 332 |
Release | : 1991-04-26 |
Genre | : Law |
ISBN | : 9780521409711 |
Download Rules, Norms, and Decisions Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This book assesses the impact of norms on decision-making. It argues that norms influence choices not by being causes for actions, but by providing reasons. Consequently it approaches the problem via an investigation of the reasoning process in which norms play a decisive role. Kratochwil argues that, depending upon the strictness the guidance norms provide in arriving at a decision, different styles of reasoning with norms can be distinguished. While the focus in this book is largely analytical, the argument is developed through the interpretation of the classic thinkers in international law (Grotius, Vattel, Pufendorf, Rousseau, Hume, Habermas).
Author | : Edna Ullmann-Margalit |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 221 |
Release | : 2015 |
Genre | : Philosophy |
ISBN | : 0198729383 |
Download The Emergence of Norms Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Edna Ullmann-Margalit provides an original account of the emergence of norms. Her main thesis is that certain types of norms are possible solutions to problems posed by certain types of social interaction situations. The problems are such that they inhere in the structure (in the game-theoretical sense of structure) of the situations concerned. Three types of paradigmatic situations are dealt with. They are referred to as Prisoners' Dilemma-type situations; co-ordination situations; and inequality (or partiality) situations. Each of them, it is claimed, poses a basic difficulty, to some or all of the individuals involved in them. Three types of norms, respectively, are offered as solutions to these situational problems. It is shown how, and in what sense, the adoption of these norms of social behaviour can indeed resolve the specified problems.
Author | : Torbj T Nnsj |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 184 |
Release | : 2010-04-18 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9789048132904 |
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