Fiscal Reforms In The Middle East PDF Download
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Author | : Jurgen Bar |
Publisher | : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform |
Total Pages | : 330 |
Release | : 2017-08-16 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9781977925008 |
Download Fiscal Reforms in the Middle East Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This insightful book focuses on the role of fiscal policy in common markets, especially in the context of the supranational constructs in the Gulf Cooperation Council, comprising Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates and Oman. It draws on the experience of the EU and the importance of VAT, and reflects on the other main common market in Central America. Although oil windfalls have opened a window of opportunity for the Gulf States, at the same time they have created numerous problems. In particular, the uncertainty associated with periods of boom and bust in the oil market has made the formulation and implementation of sound fiscal policies a formidable task. In this study, the distinguished authors present the background to current fiscal reforms and address the critical challenges facing the Gulf States including the choice between consumption and saving (or current needs and future requirements); intra-generational equity issues.
Author | : Robert P. Beschel |
Publisher | : Brookings Institution Press |
Total Pages | : 328 |
Release | : 2020-12-01 |
Genre | : Political Science |
ISBN | : 0815736983 |
Download Public Sector Reform in the Middle East and North Africa Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Critical examinations of efforts to make governments more efficient and responsive Political upheavals and civil wars in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) have obscured efforts by many countries in the region to reform their public sectors. Unwieldy, unresponsive—and often corrupt—governments across the region have faced new pressure, not least from their publics, to improve the quality of public services and open up their decisionmaking processes. Some of these reform efforts were under way and at least partly successful before the outbreak of the Arab Spring in 2010. Reform efforts have continued in some countries despite the many upheavals since then. This book offers a comprehensive assessment of a wide range of reform efforts in nine countries. In six cases the reforms targeted core systems of government: Jordan's restructuring of cabinet operations, the Palestinian Authority's revision of public financial management, Morocco's voluntary retirement program, human resource management reforms in Lebanon, an e-governance initiative in Dubai, and attempts to improve transparency in Tunisia. Five other reform efforts tackled line departments of government, among them Egypt's attempt to improve tax collection and Saudi Arabia's work to improve service delivery and bill collection. Some of these reform efforts were more successful than others. This book examines both the good and the bad, looking not only at what each reform accomplished but at how it was implemented. The result is a series of useful lessons on how public sector reforms can be adopted in MENA.
Author | : Ehtisham Ahmad |
Publisher | : Edward Elgar Publishing |
Total Pages | : 353 |
Release | : 2010-01-01 |
Genre | : Political Science |
ISBN | : 1849805822 |
Download Fiscal Reforms in the Middle East Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This insightful book focuses on the role of fiscal policy in common markets, especially in the context of the supranational constructs in the Gulf Cooperation Council, comprising Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates and Oman. It draws on the experience of the EU and the importance of VAT, and reflects on the other main common market in Central America. Although oil windfalls have opened a window of opportunity for the Gulf States, at the same time they have created numerous problems. In particular, the uncertainty associated with periods of boom and bust in the oil market has made the formulation and implementation of sound fiscal policies a formidable task. In this study, the distinguished authors present the background to current fiscal reforms and address the critical challenges facing the Gulf States including the choice between consumption and saving (or current needs and future requirements); intra-generational equity issues; the pro-cyclicality of fiscal policy; fiscal sustainability and the prudent management of revenues from finite oil reserves. They examine the case for VAT to substantially replace customs duties, a significant source of non-oil revenue which would be lost as a result of free trade agreements between the GCC and key trading partners. They also demonstrate how an agreed design for VAT would assist in furthering economic integration, and enhance trade and exports. If properly sequenced, VAT would have a negligible impact on both inflation and the poor, and would be progressive in relation to the customs duties replaced. This highly topical book will be of great interest to academics specializing in public sector economics and public finance, and to national and international policymakers involved in fiscal reform.
Author | : Hossein Askari |
Publisher | : Elsevier |
Total Pages | : 372 |
Release | : 2013-10-22 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1483144615 |
Download Taxation and Tax Policies in the Middle East Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Taxation and Tax Policies in the Middle East evaluates the general role that tax policies have played in the economic development of the Middle East since 1945 and proposes some recommendations on how fiscal tools could be better used to promote further advancement in this region. This book is divided into six parts. Part I contains the purpose and outline of the study, while Part II discusses the economic aspects of the major categories of taxes used in most developing countries. The fiscal history and categorical breakdown of the tax profiles of 16 Middle Eastern countries are reviewed in Part III. Part IV analyzes the literature on econometric models that explain differences among countries in tax effort. In Part V, the differences in relative tax efforts across 16 countries with considerations in Islamic history, culture, and natural resource endowment are elaborated. The last part summarizes the entire study. This publication is a good reference for economists and specialists concerned with the taxation and tax policies in the Middle East.
Author | : Rabah Arezki |
Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
Total Pages | : 55 |
Release | : 2019-03-28 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1464814082 |
Download Reforms and External Imbalances Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
World Bank economists expect GDP growth in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) to continue at a modest pace of 1.5 percent in 2019, slightly down from 1.6 percent in 2018. The declme reflects a contraction in one large economy, which more than offsets growth in other countries. In the medium term, the World Bank expects real GDP in the MENA to grow at 3.4 percent and 2.7 percent in 2020 and 2021, respectively. The expected upswing is partially driven by ongoing policy reforms, as well as reconstruction efforts in some countries. However, MENA's modest recovery will be insufficient to change its historically low growth in per capita GDP. External factors are unlikely to pull the region out of its low-growth equilibrium. In addition, many countries in the region have persistent current account deficits. A recent deterioration in external balances across MENA constrained the region's ability to finance these deficits. Although the region has a low risk of experiencing sudden reversals in capital inflows in the short run, structural reforms capable of raising aggregate labor productivity are urgently needed to gradually reduce external imbalances. The report concludes by providing examples of reforms in fiscal policies, trade-related policies, social protection and labor markets, and state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in network industries.
Author | : Ms.Sena Eken |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 47 |
Release | : 1997-08-01 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1451948565 |
Download Fiscal Policy and Growth in the Middle East and North Africa Region Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Establishing a policy framework to sustain high rates of growth is a major challenge facing the economies of the Middle East and North Africa. Given the strikingly dominant role of governments in these economies, this paper focuses on the contribution of fiscal consolidation and reform toward addressing this challenge. On the basis of an examination of fiscal structures, reform and adjustment efforts, and their growth implications during 1980-95, it concludes that the ongoing process of fiscal reform—aimed at reducing budget deficits, improving the budgetary structure, and enhancing the effectiveness of government interventions—is key to ensuring macroeconomic stability and fostering growth.
Author | : Robert P. Beschel, Jr. |
Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
Total Pages | : 225 |
Release | : 2012-05-10 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 0821395297 |
Download Public Financial Management Reform in the Middle East and North Africa Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
"Part I, Overview and summary, June 2010."
Author | : International Monetary Fund |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 84 |
Release | : 1996-11-04 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 9781557756251 |
Download Building on Progress Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Countries in the Middle East and North Africa region have unprecedented opportunities for transforming their economies through accelerated economic growth, but the countries themselves must ensure the necessary conditions. This study, by the Middle Eastern Department, focuses on four areas that are fundamental to growth-enhancing structural changes: improving the region's investment performance, fiscal reform, financial sector reform, and trade liberalization.
Author | : S. Heydemann |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 335 |
Release | : 2004-08-20 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1403982147 |
Download Networks of Privilege in the Middle East: The Politics of Economic Reform Revisited Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This volume explores the role of informal networks in the politics of Middle Eastern economic reform. The editor's introduction demonstrates how network-based models overcome limitations in existing approaches to the politics of economic reform. The following chapters show how business-state networks in Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia, Syria, Lebanon, and Jordan have affected privatization programs and the reform of fiscal policies. They help us understand patterns and variation in the organization and outcome of economic reform programs, including the opportunities that economic reforms offered for reorganizing networks of economic privilege across the Middle East.
Author | : International Monetary Fund |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 28 |
Release | : 2010-03-01 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1451982127 |
Download The Cyclicality of Fiscal Policy in the Middle East and Central Asia Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The countries of the Middle East and North Africa, and the Caucasus and Central Asia have the highest output volatility in the world. Fiscal policy is a powerful tool that can help dampen the business cycles. This paper analyzes the cyclical properties of fiscal policy in the region during the past four decades and explores whether the response during the current global economic crisis is different in 2009. Across a sample of 28 countries, we find that fiscal policy has typically amplified the business cycles and that it has been more procyclical in good times than in bad times. However, the response to the current crisis has differed from the past in that about half of the countries responded countercyclically in 2009. Going forward, the fiscal space during downturns varies widely across countries, depending on the level of debt, access to capital markets, and natural resource wealth. Not surprisingly, the oil exporters have more fiscal room than oil importers, although there are some oil importers that still have room to respond countercyclically in bad times.