Financial Inclusion And Legal Discrimination Against Women PDF Download
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| Author | : Asli Demirgüç-Kunt |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 47 |
| Release | : 2017 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Download Financial Inclusion and Legal Discrimination Against Women Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This paper documents and analyzes gender differences in the use of financial services using individual-level data from 98 developing countries. The data, drawn from the Global Financial Inclusion (Global Findex) database, highlight the existence of significant gender gaps in ownership of accounts and usage of savings and credit products. Even after controlling for a host of individual characteristics including income, education, employment status, rural residency and age, gender remains significantly related to usage of financial services. This study also finds that legal discrimination against women and gender norms may explain some of the cross-country variation in access to finance for women. The analysis finds that in countries where women face legal restrictions in their ability to work, head a household, choose where to live, and receive inheritance, women are less likely to own an account, relative to men, as well as to save and borrow. The results also confirm that manifestations of gender norms, such as the level of violence against women and the incidence of early marriage for women, contribute to explaining the variation in the use of financial services between men and women, after controlling for other individual and country characteristics.
| Author | : Asli Demirguc-Kunt |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 47 |
| Release | : 2013 |
| Genre | : Financial literacy |
| ISBN | : |
Download Financial Inclusion and Legal Discrimination Against Women Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This paper documents and analyzes gender differences in the use of financial services using individual-level data from 98 developing countries. The data, drawn from the Global Financial Inclusion (Global Findex) database, highlight the existence of significant gender gaps in ownership of accounts and usage of savings and credit products. Even after controlling for a host of individual characteristics including income, education, employment status, rural residency and age, gender remains significantly related to usage of financial services. This study also finds that legal discrimination against women and gender norms may explain some of the cross-country variation in access to finance for women. The analysis finds that in countries where women face legal restrictions in their ability to work, head a household, choose where to live, and receive inheritance, women are less likely to own an account, relative to men, as well as to save and borrow. The results also confirm that manifestations of gender norms, such as the level of violence against women and the incidence of early marriage for women, contribute to explaining the variation in the use of financial services between men and women, after controlling for other individual and country characteristics.
| Author | : Ms.Corinne C Delechat |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 31 |
| Release | : 2018-03-05 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1484344464 |
Download What is Driving Women’s Financial Inclusion Across Countries? Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Using a broad set of macroeconomic country characteristics to supplement a new and comprehensive micro-level dataset for 140 countries, we identify structural factors, policies, and individual characteristics that are associated with financial inclusion—in general, and for women in particular. We find that structural country characteristics, such as resource-richness and level of development, and policies, such as stronger institutions, and financial development are significantly related to financial inclusion. We find a robust negative relationship between being female and financial inclusion as in previous studies, and our analysis points to legal discrimination, lack of protection from harassment, including at the work place, and more diffuse gender norms as possible explanatory factors.
| Author | : Asli Demirguc-Kunt |
| Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
| Total Pages | : 228 |
| Release | : 2018-04-19 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1464812683 |
Download The Global Findex Database 2017 Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
In 2011 the World Bank—with funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation—launched the Global Findex database, the world's most comprehensive data set on how adults save, borrow, make payments, and manage risk. Drawing on survey data collected in collaboration with Gallup, Inc., the Global Findex database covers more than 140 economies around the world. The initial survey round was followed by a second one in 2014 and by a third in 2017. Compiled using nationally representative surveys of more than 150,000 adults age 15 and above in over 140 economies, The Global Findex Database 2017: Measuring Financial Inclusion and the Fintech Revolution includes updated indicators on access to and use of formal and informal financial services. It has additional data on the use of financial technology (or fintech), including the use of mobile phones and the Internet to conduct financial transactions. The data reveal opportunities to expand access to financial services among people who do not have an account—the unbanked—as well as to promote greater use of digital financial services among those who do have an account. The Global Findex database has become a mainstay of global efforts to promote financial inclusion. In addition to being widely cited by scholars and development practitioners, Global Findex data are used to track progress toward the World Bank goal of Universal Financial Access by 2020 and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. The database, the full text of the report, and the underlying country-level data for all figures—along with the questionnaire, the survey methodology, and other relevant materials—are available at www.worldbank.org/globalfindex.
| Author | : World Bank |
| Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
| Total Pages | : 381 |
| Release | : 2021-04-05 |
| Genre | : Law |
| ISBN | : 1464816530 |
Download Women, Business and the Law 2021 Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Women, Business and the Law 2021 is the seventh in a series of annual studies measuring the laws and regulations that affect women’s economic opportunity in 190 economies. The project presents eight indicators structured around women’s interactions with the law as they move through their lives and careers: Mobility, Workplace, Pay, Marriage, Parenthood, Entrepreneurship, Assets, and Pension. This year’s report updates all indicators as of October 1, 2020 and builds evidence of the links between legal gender equality and women’s economic inclusion. By examining the economic decisions women make throughout their working lives, as well as the pace of reform over the past 50 years, Women, Business and the Law 2021 makes an important contribution to research and policy discussions about the state of women’s economic empowerment. Prepared during a global pandemic that threatens progress toward gender equality, this edition also includes important findings on government responses to COVID-19 and pilot research related to childcare and women’s access to justice.
| Author | : Siyi Wang |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 98 |
| Release | : 2019 |
| Genre | : Political planning |
| ISBN | : |
Download Can Gender Empowerment Promote Financial Inclusion For Women Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This paper analyzes the variation in access to and use of financial services for women in approximately 120 countries. Using panel data from the Global Financial Inclusion Index (Global Findex 2017) on account ownership and use of digital payments, I find that gender empowerment can promote financial inclusion for women. Applying cross-country regressions, my results confirm that in countries where women account for a larger share of the labor force and are politically empowered, there will be an increase in the number of women who own an account, and make or receive digital payments. In line with these findings, my study indicates that there is a positive correlation between years of education and women's demands for financial services. Furthermore, my analysis supports the notion that some of the cross-country variation in female account ownership and use of digital payments can be explained by gender norms-related legal protections, such as non-discrimination in employment and equal ownership rights to property. At the same time, the findings of my analysis indicate that lack of security for women, for example as a result of intimate partner violence, significantly prevents women from reaping the benefits of financial inclusion. From a policy perspective, my thesis contributes to a growing literature that studies the relationship between gender empowerment and women's financial inclusion.
| Author | : World Bank Group |
| Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
| Total Pages | : 215 |
| Release | : 2020-04-24 |
| Genre | : Law |
| ISBN | : 146481533X |
Download Women, Business and the Law 2020 Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The World Bank Group’s Women, Business and the Law examines laws and regulations affecting women’s prospects as entrepreneurs and employees across 190 economies. Its goal is to inform policy discussions on how to remove legal restrictions on women and promote research on how to improve women’s economic inclusion.
| Author | : World Bank Group |
| Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
| Total Pages | : 627 |
| Release | : 2018-04-11 |
| Genre | : Law |
| ISBN | : 1464812535 |
Download Women, Business and the Law 2018 Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
How can governments ensure that women have the same employment and entrepreneurship opportunities as men? One important step is to level the legal playing field so that the rules for operating in the worlds of work and business apply equally regardless of gender. Women, Business and the Law 2018, the fifth edition in a series, examines laws affecting women’s economic inclusion in 189 economies worldwide. It tracks progress that has been made over the past two years while identifying opportunities for reform to ensure economic empowerment for all. The report updates all indicators as of June 1, 2017 and explores new areas of research, including financial inclusion.
| Author | : Cătălin-Gabriel Stănescu |
| Publisher | : Routledge |
| Total Pages | : 291 |
| Release | : 2020-12-28 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1000295192 |
Download Discrimination, Vulnerable Consumers and Financial Inclusion Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This book addresses the questions of discrimination, vulnerable consumers, and financial inclusion in the light of the emerging legal, socioeconomic, and technological challenges. New technologies – such as artificial intelligence-driven consumer credit risk assessment and Fintech platforms, the changing nature of vulnerability due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the sophistication of digital technologies, which help circumvent legal barriers and protections – necessitate the continuous study of the existing legal frameworks and measures that are capable of tackling these challenges. Organized in two major parts, the first addresses, from multiple national angles, the idea of a human rights approach to consumer law, in order to replace the mantra of economic efficiency that characterizes financial services with those of human dignity and freedom from discrimination and from debt-induced servitude. The second tackles the challenges posed by increased usage of technology in connection with financial services, which tends to solve, but also creates, additional issues for consumers in general, and for vulnerable groups in particular.
| Author | : Goksu Aslan |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 32 |
| Release | : 2017-11-07 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1484328728 |
Download Inequality in Financial Inclusion and Income Inequality Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
We investigate the link between gender inequality in financial inclusion and income inequality, with three contributions to the recent literature. First, using a micro-dataset covering 146,000 individuals in over 140 countries, we construct novel, synthetic indices of the intensity of financial inclusion at the individual and country level. Second, we derive the distribution of individual financial access “scores” across countries to document a “Kuznets”-curve in financial inclusion. Third, cross-country regressions confirm that our measure of inequality in financial access is significantly related to income inequality, above and beyond other factors previously highlighted in the literature.
