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Examination of the Impact of Contingent Praise and Monetary Rewards on Intrinsic Motivation and Creative Performance

Examination of the Impact of Contingent Praise and Monetary Rewards on Intrinsic Motivation and Creative Performance
Author: Merrilyn Akpapuna
Publisher:
Total Pages: 77
Release: 2020
Genre: Creative ability in business
ISBN:

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Despite many decades of debate, the question of whether or not extrinsic motivation is detrimental to intrinsic motivation and creativity continues to spark discussion among professionals (Cameron & Pierce, 1994). This is an important issue for business owners who do not want to stifle creativity and intrinsic motivation in an effort to increase productivity. Even though many authors have labelled extrinsic motivation as archaic and harmful (Deci, 1971; Kohn, 1993; Pink, 2009), the available empirical evidence does not match such levels of condemnation. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of several interventions (performance-contingent money, performance-contingent praise, and performance-contingent money plus praise) in increasing creativity. Two within-subject multiple reversal designs were used to examine the impact that these interventions had on 27 college students. A hybrid within subject and between group analysis was carried out. The within subject analysis involved visual inspection of graphs and showed a slight downward trend across all phases, beginning with the first session. A two-factor ANCOVA showed that neither money nor praise increased creative performance. The results contradicted both the overjustification effect and behavioral accounts regarding the impact on external rewards, although methodological concerns need to be resolved before this statement can be made with confidence.


Rewards and Intrinsic Motivation

Rewards and Intrinsic Motivation
Author: Judy Cameron
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Total Pages: 264
Release: 2002-05-30
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0313012822

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Over the past 30 years, many social psychologists have been critical of the practice of using incentive systems in business, education, and other applied settings. The concern is that money, high grades, prizes, and even praise may be effective in getting people to perform an activity but performance and interest are maintained only so long as the reward keeps coming. Once the reward is withdrawn, the concern is that individuals will enjoy the activity less, perform at a lower level, and spend less time on the task. The claim is that rewards destroy people's intrinsic motivation. Widely accepted, this view has been enormously influential and has led many employers, teachers, and other practitioners to question the use of rewards and incentive systems in applied settings. Contrary to this view, the research by Cameron and Pierce indicates that rewards can be used effectively to enhance interest and performance. The book centers around the debate on rewards and intrinsic motivation. Based on historical, narrative, and meta-analytic reviews, Cameron and Pierce show that, contrary to many claims, rewards do not have pervasive negative effects. Instead, the authors show that careful arrangement of rewards enhances motivation, performance, and interest. The overall goal of the book is to draw together over 30 years of research on rewards, motivation, and performance and to provide practitioners with techniques for designing effective incentive systems.


Handbook of Competence and Motivation, Second Edition

Handbook of Competence and Motivation, Second Edition
Author: Andrew J. Elliot
Publisher: Guilford Publications
Total Pages: 737
Release: 2018-02-21
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 1462536034

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Now completely revised (over 90% new), this handbook established the concept of competence as an organizing framework for the field of achievement motivation. With an increased focus on connecting theory to application, the second edition incorporates diverse perspectives on why and how individuals are motivated to work toward competence in school, work, sports, and other settings. Leading authorities present cutting-edge findings on the psychological, sociocultural, and biological processes that shape competence motivation across development, analyzing the role of intelligence, self-regulated learning, emotions, creativity, gender and racial stereotypes, self-perceptions, achievement values, parenting practices, teacher behaviors, workplace environments, and many other factors. As a special bonus, purchasers of the second edition can download a supplemental e-book featuring several notable, highly cited chapters from the first edition. ÿ New to This Edition *Most chapters are new, reflecting over a decade of theoretical and methodological developments. *Each chapter now has an applied as well as conceptual focus, showcasing advances in intervention research. *Additional topics: self-regulation in early childhood, self-determination theory, challenge and threat appraisals, performance incentives, achievement emotions, job burnout, gene-environment interactions, class-based models of competence, and the impact of social group membership. *Supplemental e-book featuring selected chapters from the prior edition.


Behavior Analysis and Learning

Behavior Analysis and Learning
Author: W. David Pierce
Publisher: Psychology Press
Total Pages: 436
Release: 2013-04-15
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 1135811350

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Behavior Analysis and Learning, Fourth Edition is an essential textbook covering the basic principles in the field of behavior analysis and learned behaviors, as pioneered by B. F. Skinner. The textbook provides an advanced introduction to operant conditioning from a very consistent Skinnerian perspective. It covers a range of principles from basic respondent conditioning through applied behavior analysis into cultural design. Elaborating on Darwinian components and biological connections with behavior, the book treats the topic from a consistent worldview of selectionism. The functional relations between the organism and the environment are described, and their application in accounting for old behavior and generating new behavior is illustrated. Expanding on concepts of past editions, the fourth edition provides updated coverage of recent literature and the latest findings. There is increased inclusion of biological and neuroscience material, as well as more data correlating behavior with neurological and genetic factors. The material presented in this book provides the reader with the best available foundation in behavior science and is a valuable resource for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in psychology or other behavior-based disciplines. In addition, a website of supplemental resources for instructors and students makes this new edition even more accessible and student-friendly.


Teaching for Creativity in the Common Core Classroom

Teaching for Creativity in the Common Core Classroom
Author: Ronald A. Beghetto
Publisher: Teachers College Press
Total Pages: 145
Release: 2015
Genre: Education
ISBN: 0807773506

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Creativity and the Common Core State Standards are both important to today’s teachers. Yet, for many educators, nurturing students’ creativity seems to conflict with ensuring that they learn specific skills and content. In this book, the authors outline ways to adapt existing lessons and mandated curricula to encourage the development of student creativity alongside more traditional academic skills. Based on cutting-edge psychological research on creativity, the text debunks common misconceptions about creativity and describes how learning environments can support both creativity and the Common Core, offers creative lessons and insights for teaching English language arts and mathematics, and includes assessments for creativity and Common Core learning. Featuring numerous classroom examples, this practical resource will empower teachers to think of the Common Core and creativity as encompassing complementary, rather than mutually exclusive, goals. Book Features: Shows how teaching skills mandated by the CCSS and teaching for creativity can reinforce one another. Helps teachers better understand what creativity is, how to develop it, and how to assess it in meaningful ways. Examines the many misconceptions about creativity that prevent teachers from doing their best work. Provides classroom examples, ideas, and lesson plans from successful teachers across disciplines. “This wonderful book makes the important point that teaching to well-designed standards is completely consistent with teaching for creativity. [It] is filled with practical advice for teachers about how to teach to Common Core standards, in both ELA and math, in ways that lead to creative learning outcomes.” —Keith Sawyer, Morgan Distinguished Professor in Educational Innovations, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill “Beghetto, and Baer make a strong, nuanced case that knowledge for the sake of knowledge may be acceptable for immediate retention, but knowledge in the service of creating new possibilities has long-term consequences that can’t be ignored by educators and society.” —Scott Barry Kaufman, scientific director, The Imagination Institute and researcher, Positive Psychology Center, University of Pennsylvania


The Effect of Monetary Reward on Creativity

The Effect of Monetary Reward on Creativity
Author: Kai Wang
Publisher:
Total Pages: 10
Release: 2017
Genre:
ISBN:

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The prolonged debate on the effect of monetary reward on creative performance is still ongoing. Research has shown monetary rewards to have both positive and negative effects on creative performance. We contend that a person's motivational orientation moderates the effect of monetary rewards on creative performance. An experiment was conducted showing that creative performance can be influenced through two distinct causal pathways. The pathways appear different for people driven predominately by extrinsic motivation and those driven predominately by intrinsic motivation. The exact role of how motivational orientation affects the relationships between monetary reward and creative performance needs further investigation. However, this study generates some insights and suggests directions for future research.


The Hidden Costs of Reward

The Hidden Costs of Reward
Author: Mark R. Lepper
Publisher: Psychology Press
Total Pages: 281
Release: 2015-09-16
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 1317356756

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Originally published in 1978, this volume provided a broad survey of the latest research and theory, at the time, concerning the potential detrimental effects of inappropriate uses of tangible rewards to modify behaviour. Overall, this research questions the dominant paradigm within which reinforcers, by definition, have positive effects on performance and subsequent behaviour, and suggests new directions for the study of human motivation. In a series of five original integrative essays, the contributors summarize their own and related research programmes. These theoretical essays are complemented by two introductory chapters, that provide a historical context for this research, and four discussion chapters, that speak to broader issues, including both the implications and limitations of the research presented. At the time, this was the latest information on a most provocative area.


Behavior Analysis and Learning

Behavior Analysis and Learning
Author: Erin B. Rasmussen
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Total Pages: 691
Release: 2022-12-30
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 1000817210

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Using a behavioral perspective, Behavior Analysis and Learning provides an advanced introduction to the principles of behavior analysis and learned behaviors, covering a full range of principles from basic respondent and operant conditioning through applied behavior analysis into cultural design. The text uses Darwinian, neurophysiological, and biological theories and research to inform B. F. Skinner’s philosophy of radical behaviorism. The seventh edition expands the focus on neurophysiological mechanisms and their relation to the experimental analysis of behavior, providing updated studies and references to reflect current expansions and changes in the field of behavior analysis. By bringing together ideas from behavior analysis, neuroscience, epigenetics, and culture under a selectionist framework, the text facilitates understanding of behavior at environmental, genetic, neurophysiological, and sociocultural levels. This "grand synthesis" of behavior, neuroscience, and neurobiology roots behavior firmly in biology. The text includes special sections, "New Directions," "Focus On," "Note On," "On the Applied Side," and "Advanced Section," which enhance student learning and provide greater insight on specific topics. This edition was also updated for more inclusive language and representation of people and research across race, ethnicity, sexuality, gender identity, and neurodiversity. Behavior Analysis and Learning is a valuable resource for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in psychology or other behavior-based disciplines, especially behavioral neuroscience. The text is supported by Support Material that features a robust set of instructor and student resources: www.routledge.com/9781032065144.