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European-American Relations and the Middle East

European-American Relations and the Middle East
Author: Victor Mauer
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 272
Release: 2010-10-18
Genre: History
ISBN: 1136969470

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This book examines the evolution of European-American relations with the Middle East since 1945. Placing the current transatlantic debates on the Middle East into a broader context, this work analyses how, why, and to what extent European and US roles, interests, threat perceptions, and policy attitudes in the region have changed, relating to both the region as a whole and the two main issues analysed: Gulf Security and the Arab-Israeli Conflict. The contributors then go on to discuss the implications of these developments for Western policymaking. The volume makes four key contributions. First, it examines the subject matter from a truly transatlantic perspective, with all chapters adopting a bi- or multilateral approach, taking into account the views from both the US and individual European countries or the EC/EU collectively. Second, the book takes a long-term view, covering a series of crises and developments over the past six decades. Third, it has a systematic structure, with the predominantly chronological order of the chapters being geared towards depicting trends and evolutions with regard to the key themes of the book. Finally, the book builds bridges between historians and political scientists/analysts, as well as between experts of transatlantic relations and Middle East scholars. This book will be of great interest to students of transatlantic relations, the Middle East, US foreign policy, European politics, international history and IR in general. Daniel Möckli is a Senior Researcher at the Center for Security Studies (CSS), ETH Zurich. He is also the editor of CSS Analyses in Security Policy. Victor Mauer is Deputy Director and Head of Research of the Center for Security Studies (CSS), ETH Zurich, and Lecturer in the Department of Social Sciences and Humanities at ETH Zurich.


The Transatlantic Allies and the Changing Middle East

The Transatlantic Allies and the Changing Middle East
Author: Philip H Gordon
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 111
Release: 2020-11-25
Genre: History
ISBN: 1136059245

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Since the mid-1990s, US and European attitudes, strategies and policies towards the Middle East have diverged. In the Middle East peace process, Europeans have grown frustrated with the lack of progress and with Washington’s near-monopoly on diplomatic action, and have begun to demand a greater role. On Iraq, the US insists on strong military and economic containment of Saddam Hussein, while some Europeans have started to press for a more rapid reintegration of Iraq into the international community and are reluctant to use or threaten force. The issue of how to deal with Iran has been most divisive of all, with the US and Europe deeply divided over whether they should contain, or engage, Tehran. Transatlantic tensions over the Middle East are damaging for three main reasons. They reduce the effectiveness of allied policies; undermine NATO’s cohesion when its future is no longer guaranteed by a common threat; and threaten to spill over into the economic domain. This paper examines the reasons for these potentially damaging differences, assesses the prospects for improving transatlantic cooperation in the region and suggests approaches that may help to bring this about. Its main policy conclusions are: On the Arab–Israeli conflict, as long as the peace process is moving forward, or has reasonable prospects of doing so, the US is probably right that Europe’s formal involvement in direct peace talks would not be helpful, particularly if such a role aimed to promote policies different from those of the US. If the peace process stalls completely, however, it will be difficult for Washington to justify opposing a more active European role. On Iraq, the US-led policy of containment is correct, and economic sanctions should remain in place until Baghdad complies fully with UN Security Council disarmament resolutions. However, in exchange for Europe’s agreement to contribute to Iraq’s military containment, the US, like Europe, should abide by the letter and spirit of these resolutions, even if this means agreeing to lift restrictions on oil exports if Iraq complies in full. Failing to do so could undermine global support for the integrity of the UN system, ultimately leaving the US, and perhaps the UK, isolated in maintaining a policy that might not be sustainable in the long term. On Iran, a transatlantic compromise would need to include an agreement by the US not to impose sanctions against European companies doing business with Iran, as long as Europe offered unstinting support in combating terrorism and helping to contain the development of weapons of mass destruction. The US should also seek agreement with the European Union on which Iranian actions would justify sanctions or other punitive measures. The paper concludes by examining institutional changes that might help to promote transatlantic cooperation on the Middle East.


Bound to Cooperate - Europe and the Middle East

Bound to Cooperate - Europe and the Middle East
Author: Sven Behrendt
Publisher: Verlag Bertelsmann Stiftung
Total Pages: 304
Release: 2010-07-30
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 386793231X

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Regional integration and the organisation of cross-regional relations have been some of the most prominent features of international relations. By further strengthening the institutions of the European Union, Europe is taking steps to become a capable international actor. Only in few world regions, such as the Middle East, integration has not been a driving force moving political and economic relations. Given these structural imbalances between Europe and the Middle East, but also geographical proximity, economic interdependencies, and shared historical experiences, what interests does Europe pursue in the Middle East? And, if the goal of European policies is to establish stable political, economic and social relations with its neighbouring region, how could inter-regional relations best be organised?


Bound to Cooperate

Bound to Cooperate
Author: Sven Behrendt
Publisher:
Total Pages: 392
Release: 2000
Genre: Political Science
ISBN:

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This volume brings together an international network of political scientists and economists to offer options and strategies for strengthening Euro-Middle-East political, economic and social relations.


Europe and the Middle East

Europe and the Middle East
Author: William S. Cohen
Publisher:
Total Pages: 48
Release: 1982
Genre: Europe
ISBN:

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The Middle East and the United States

The Middle East and the United States
Author: Haim Shaked
Publisher: HOEPLI EDITORE
Total Pages: 446
Release: 1980
Genre: History
ISBN: 9781412828604

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Like its two predecessors in the "Collected Papers "series, this volume is based on the proceedings of an international colloquium held at Tel Aviv University. The colloquium was organized in March 1978 by the Shiloah Center in cooperation with the University's newly established Center for Strategic Studies. As the title and subtitle imply, special emphasis was laid on the images and perceptions that people of the Middle East and the United States have had of one another, and the way in which their relationship is viewed from within the area, from Washington and from other pertinent vantage points. The conference also dealt with five other major issues: the historic background and evolution of American policy in the Middle East (papers by Elie Kedourie from the London School of Economics and Wilfrid Knapp from Oxford University); American interests in the Middle East (papers by Uzi Arad from Tel Aviv University, Gad Gilbar from Haifa University, and Bernard Reich from George Washington University); the international context within which American policy in the area is conducted (Ya'acov Ro'i from Tel Aviv University, Richard Rosecrance from Cornell University, and Udo Steinbach from the Orient Institut in Hamburg); the formulation of American policies in the Middle East (Steven Spiegel from UCLA); and America's bilateral relationship with several Middle Eastern states (papers by Yoram Dinstein, Yair Evron, Gideon Gera, Itamar Rabinovich. anc Shimon Shamir from Tel Aviv University, and John Waterbury from Princeton University); the papers which dealt directly with views, images, and their depiction were presented by Bernard Lewis from Princeton University and the Institute for Advanced Study, and Haim Shaked from Tel Aviv University. "Contents and Contributors: "Introduction / Background and Evolution "Elie Kedourie, "The Transition from a British to an American Era in the Middle East; "Wilfrid Knapp. "The U.S. and the Middle East: How Many Special Relationships? /Formulation of American Policies "Richard Rosecrance, "Objectives of U.S.-Middle East Policy; "Bernard Reich, "U.S. Interests in the Middle East; "Steven L. Spiegel, "The Carter Approach to the Arab-Israeli Dispute / The International Context "Udo Steinbach, "The European Community and the U.S. in the Arab World: "Yaacov Ro'i, "The U.S. Role in the Middle East / The Regional Development "Bernard Lewis, "The U.S., Turkey, and Iran; "Itamar Rabinovich, "The Challenge of Diversity; "Gideon Gera, "Libya and the U.S. / Oil and Economics "Gad G. Gilbar, "The Economics of Interdependence; "Uzi Arad, "The Short Term Effectiveness of an Arab Oil Embargo / Cairo and Washington "Shimon Shamir, "Egypt's Reorientation Towards the U.S.; "Haim Shaked, "A Stereotype Illustrated: An Egyptian Cartoonist's Preception of the "U.S.', John Water-hurry, "The Implications of Infitah for U.S.Egyptian Relations / Strategic and legal Aspects "Yair Evron, "Some Political and Strategic Implications of an American-Israeli Defense Treaty; "Yoram Dinstein, "International Guarantees and the Middle East Conflict


American Interests and Policies in the Middle East, 1900-1939

American Interests and Policies in the Middle East, 1900-1939
Author: John A. DeNovo
Publisher: U of Minnesota Press
Total Pages: 461
Release: 1963-11-29
Genre: History
ISBN: 0816657424

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American Interests and Policies in the Middle East, 1900-1939 was first published in 1963. Minnesota Archive Editions uses digital technology to make long-unavailable books once again accessible, and are published unaltered from the original University of Minnesota Press editions. Scholars concerned with the diplomatic history of the United States have largely neglected the subject of American relations with the Middle East during the four decades before World War I. With this study, Professor DeNovo fills the gap by describing and assessing the United States' cultural, economic, and diplomatic relations with Turkey, Persia, and the Arab East in that period. He traces, chronologically and topically, the activities of such American interest groups as Protestant missionaries, educators, philanthropists, archaeologists, businessmen, and technical advisers, as well as the official actions of their government. The account falls roughly into three chronological periods. The first section traces the interest groups through the pre-World War I years of political and cultural stirring in the Ottoman Empire and Persia. Special attention is given to the Chester Project for railroad development in Turkey. The second part deals with the upheavals accompanying World War I and the tasks of peacemaking from the Mudros armistice through the Lausanne settlement of 1923. The latter chapters detail the rise of the Turkish national movement, the deepening Persian and Arab nationalism, and the accommodation of American cultural and economic groups to these conditions. The author points out that before World War II began, Americans had acquired a significant interest in Middle Eastern oil and had become emotionally involved in the Arab-Zionist tension. In 1939 the United States was on the verge of a new phase in its Middle Eastern relations when that region would become more intimately linked to America's national security.


Western Foreign Policy and the Middle East

Western Foreign Policy and the Middle East
Author: Christian Kaunert
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 223
Release: 2017-10-02
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1317499697

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This book examines Western foreign policy towards the Middle East, and the extent to which the promotion of democracy has been in conflict with, or supported by, other goals (geo-strategic, economic, and cultural) in the policies of the major actors towards the Middle East. Does the Arab Spring provide a new opening for cooperation with the region? Contributions are offered by scholars with research interests in Middle Eastern politics, and by those analysing the policies and interests of external actors. Against the backdrop of the recent ‘War on Terror’, the comparative and interdisciplinary outlook of the book will offer the opportunity for much needed intellectual exchanges between political scientists, contemporary historians, and international relations scholars from Europe, North America and the Middle East. Since it coincides with and/or follows the final phases of US and British withdrawal from Iraq and Afghanistan, this book will be highly relevant to both academics and policy-makers in the UK and abroad, making a significant contribution not only to the scholarly investigation of Western foreign policies, but also to the study of the Middle East in general. This book was originally published as a special issue of the Cambridge Review of International Affairs.


European Union-United States Security Relations

European Union-United States Security Relations
Author: A. Bronstone
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 285
Release: 1997-09-15
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 0230389848

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The European Union's evolution to become a global actor is examined through its relationship with the United States from the Yomkippur war to the Gulf conflict. Indepth case-studies of the 1973 Arab-Israeli war, martial law in Poland 1981-82 and the Kurdish crisis in Iraq 1991 are shown to support a theoretical critique. The dominant 'realist' approach to international relations is unable to adequately explain transatlantic tensions in this period. New frameworks are needed to explain the 'agency-structure' of internal European and EU-US relationships.


A Vanishing West in the Middle East

A Vanishing West in the Middle East
Author: Charles Thépaut
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Total Pages: 272
Release: 2022-03-24
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 0755644336

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A Vanishing West in the Middle East covers the history of Western cooperation in the Middle East and North Africa since the end of the Cold War. Based on more than fifty interviews with diplomats and experts as well as consultations of the academic literature, it describes the operational and political frameworks through which the United States and European countries have intervened in the Arab world, and how their relations with the region have changed. Practitioner testimonies and detailed case studies illuminate U.S. successes and failures in enlisting allies for campaigns in Iraq, Syria, and Libya. This analysis goes to the heart of the American debate on “endless wars” but also questions the very concept of Western intervention in a region where the Arab Spring and subsequent uprisings have profoundly changed the geopolitical landscape. Today, whereas the United States wishes to pull back from the region, Europe understands it must become more involved. Whatever their particular motivations, both must adapt to an increasingly fragmented Middle East, influenced specifically by more assertive Chinese, Russian, Iranian, Emirati, and Turkish foreign policies.