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Essays on the Estimations of Educational Technical Efficiency Under Endogeneity

Essays on the Estimations of Educational Technical Efficiency Under Endogeneity
Author: Gabriela Sicilia
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2015
Genre:
ISBN:

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La presente Tesis Doctoral contribuye, teórica y empíricamente, a entender hasta qué punto el problema de endogeneidad, uno de los principales problemas observado frecuentemente en los procesos de producción educativos, afecta a la estimación de la eficiencia técnica mediante el Análisis Envolvente de Datos (DEA). Asimismo, esta investigación combina ideas de la literatura de evaluación de impacto con las técnicas de medición de eficiencia no paramétricas con el fin de aportar potenciales soluciones para hacer frente a este problema en aplicaciones empíricas educativas y obtener así estimaciones de la eficiencia más precisas.El Capítulo 1 analiza teóricamente en qué medida la presencia de endogeneidad en el proceso de producción puede afectar a las estimaciones DEA en muestras finitas, de modo que los investigadores que aplican esta técnica conozcan la precisión de sus estimaciones. Para ello, en primer lugar se ilustra desde un punto de vista conceptual el problema de la endogeneidad y sus implicaciones en la estimación de la eficiencia. En segundo lugar, utilizando datos generados en un experimento de Monte Carlo evaluamos cómo diferentes niveles de endogeneidad positiva y negativa pueden afectar al desempeño de DEA. A pesar de que DEA es robusto a la presencia de endogeneidad negativa, la existencia de una endogeneidad positiva y significativa perjudica gravemente el desempeño de DEA. A partir de los resultados hallados previamente, la siguiente pregunta que surge es ¿Cómo podemos hacer frente a este problema en una aplicación empírica cuando sospechamos de la presencia de este tipo de endogeneidad? Esto implica responder dos cuestiones, cómo identificar el problema y cómo enfrentarlo. A partir de las simulaciones de Monte Carlo se propone un método heurístico sencillo que permite identificar correctamente la presencia de inputs endógenos en todos los escenarios simulados. Además, a partir de la técnica de Variables Instrumentales (VI) ampliamente utilizada en econometría, ofrecemos una nueva estrategia que permite abordar efectivamente el problema de endogeneidad en la estimación de la eficiencia técnica, el instrumental Input DEA Adicionalmente a este ejercicio teórico, los capítulos 2 y 3 proporcionan evidencia de dos aplicaciones empíricas en el que el problema de endogeneidad está presente.En el capítulo 2 se aplican las estrategias propuestas en el Capítulo 1 a datos de colegios públicos de educación secundaria en Uruguay. Utilizando el método heurístico detectamos que el nivel socio-económico medio de los colegios está alta y positivamente correlacionado con la eficiencia técnica de los mismos, y por lo tanto aplicamos la estrategia II-DEA para estimar la eficiencia técnica de los colegios controlando por endogeneidad. En el capítulo 3, tomando nuevamente ideas de la literatura de evaluación de impacto, se utilizan datos de un experimento natural en las escuelas de educación primaria en España para estimar la eficiencia de los maestros. En base a la asignación aleatoria de los estudiantes a las clases dentro de los colegios explotamos la variación exógena de la eficiencia técnica entre los maestros para evaluar su desempeño. Esta estrategia nos permite obtener una medida objetiva del verdadero efecto del maestro sobre los logros de los estudiantes y explorar los principales factores que explican la eficiencia de los docentes. Más allá de los resultados concretos de cada contexto educativo analizado (que se discuten en cada capítulo), ambos análisis proporcionan evidencia robusta de que el tomar o no en consideración el problema de endogeneidad conduce a resultados radicalmente diferentes en términos de las recomendaciones de política educativa pública para mejorar la calidad de la enseñanza.


Essays on Estimating Efficiency and Productivity Using Stochastic Frontier Analysis

Essays on Estimating Efficiency and Productivity Using Stochastic Frontier Analysis
Author: Paul D. Melvin
Publisher:
Total Pages: 133
Release: 2008
Genre:
ISBN:

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The purpose of this dissertation is to apply stochastic frontier analysis methodology to the study of efficiency and productivity in industry and in education. It is comprised of three separate studies employing stochastic frontier analysis. First, stochastic frontier analysis is used to study technical efficiency in Indian industry and its impact on India's recent economic growth. The Indian economy has sustained a consistently high rate of growth since initiating economic reforms in the early 1990's. This encouraging growth episode has the rest of the world watching their economic progress closely. This study examines the role of industrial productivity and efficiency in the post reform Indian economy by using the stochastic frontier production function model over the period 1998 through 2004. We find that industry in India has moved closer to the production frontier and the gap between the states with the highest and lowest technical efficiency in industry has narrowed across time. Most of the growth in industrial output is attributed to total factor productivity. As Indian industry approaches the production frontier, growth will necessarily require further technological innovation and/or increasing input resources. In the second study, efficiency of public education in Illinois is estimated. Public education in the United States has received a great deal of attention from both constituents and policy makers alike over the past thirty years. Identifying less efficient school districts and examining the sources of inefficiency has important policy implications. School districts might improve efficiency by managing educational resources differently. In this study, we estimate technical efficiency for all three types of school districts in the state of Illinois K-12 public education system. Technical efficiency in the Illinois school system averaged 90% for unit school districts, 85% for elementary school districts, and 82% for high school districts. Possible factors associated with inefficiency in Illinois school districts are also investigated. The percentage of student enrollment that qualifies as low income and the size of the school district are positively related to inefficiency. School districts that have a larger percentage of teachers with advanced degrees are more efficient. Having a lower ratio of students per administrator in a school district increases technical efficiency. The final study analyzes efficiency among schools within a particular school district. Efficiency of public high schools in the City of Chicago School District is estimated. Technical efficiency of Chicago public high schools averaged 72%. We also investigate possible factors associated with inefficiency. The percentage of student enrollment that is chronically truant, mobility rate, and percentage of nonwhite students are all positively related to inefficiency. Schools with higher parental involvement are more efficient. Larger high schools display greater technical efficiency than smaller high schools.


Essays in Honor of Subal Kumbhakar

Essays in Honor of Subal Kumbhakar
Author: Christopher F. Parmeter
Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing
Total Pages: 401
Release: 2024-04-05
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1837978751

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It is the editor’s distinct privilege to gather this collection of papers that honors Subhal Kumbhakar’s many accomplishments, drawing further attention to the various areas of scholarship that he has touched.


Handbook of Labor Economics

Handbook of Labor Economics
Author: Orley Ashenfelter
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 800
Release: 1999-11-18
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9780444501899

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A guide to the continually evolving field of labour economics.


Theorists of Economic Growth from David Hume to the Present

Theorists of Economic Growth from David Hume to the Present
Author: W. W. Rostow
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 733
Release: 1992-09-24
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0195359798

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This history of theories and theorists of economic growth elucidates the economic theory, economic history, and public policy observations of the renowned scholar W. W. Rostow. Looking at the economic growth theories of the classic economists up to 1870, Rostow compares Hume and Adam Smith, Malthus and Ricardo, and J.S. Mill and Karl Marx. He then examines the period 1870-1939 and its economic theorists, including Schumpeter, Colin Clark, Kuznets, and Harrod, and surveys the three forms of growth analysis in the postwar era: formal models, statistical morphology, and development theories. This authoritative overview also includes an agenda of unresolved problems in growth analysis and a description of the five major tasks statesmen will confront over the next several generations.


Productivity Growth in Developing Countries

Productivity Growth in Developing Countries
Author: Vaishali Mamgain
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 162
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1136535756

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This work combines an empirical analysis of productive efficiency change in Newly Industrializing Countries with a theoretical growth model that explores the implications of improvements in productive efficiency on the growth rate of an economy.


Handbook on Data Envelopment Analysis

Handbook on Data Envelopment Analysis
Author: William W. Cooper
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 513
Release: 2011-08-23
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1441961518

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This handbook covers DEA topics that are extensively used and solidly based. The purpose of the handbook is to (1) describe and elucidate the state of the field and (2), where appropriate, extend the frontier of DEA research. It defines the state-of-the-art of DEA methodology and its uses. This handbook is intended to represent a milestone in the progression of DEA. Written by experts, who are generally major contributors to the topics to be covered, it includes a comprehensive review and discussion of basic DEA models, which, in the present issue extensions to the basic DEA methods, and a collection of DEA applications in the areas of banking, engineering, health care, and services. The handbook's chapters are organized into two categories: (i) basic DEA models, concepts, and their extensions, and (ii) DEA applications. First edition contributors have returned to update their work. The second edition includes updated versions of selected first edition chapters. New chapters have been added on: different approaches with no need for a priori choices of weights (called “multipliers) that reflect meaningful trade-offs, construction of static and dynamic DEA technologies, slacks-based model and its extensions, DEA models for DMUs that have internal structures network DEA that can be used for measuring supply chain operations, Selection of DEA applications in the service sector with a focus on building a conceptual framework, research design and interpreting results.


Econometrics: Econometrics and the cost of capital : essays in honor of Dale W. Jorgenson

Econometrics: Econometrics and the cost of capital : essays in honor of Dale W. Jorgenson
Author: Dale Weldeau Jorgenson
Publisher: MIT Press
Total Pages: 536
Release: 2000
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9780262100830

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This volume summarizes the economic theory, the econometric methodology and the empirical findings resulting from the new approach to econometric modelling of producer behaviour.