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Development Expenditures and the Local Financing Constraint

Development Expenditures and the Local Financing Constraint
Author: Albert D. K. Agbonyitor
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Total Pages: 23
Release: 1998
Genre: Ayuda al desarrollo
ISBN:

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April 1998 The inadequacy of local funds is a major financing problem in most low-income economies. It is undercutting the absorption of aid and the sustainability of development projects. Focusing on the local financing constraint sheds new light on issues of aid, fiscal reform, and the management of public spending. The fungibility of aid need not translate into resource flows to fill the local financing gap. Indeed, project aid can widen the local financing gap. To augment direct local financing of development, aid must be nonproject aid that can generate local currency. In the longer term, project aid's effect on local financing lies in its impact on growth and on expanding the base for tax revenues, seigniorage, and borrowing. When inadequate local financing limits project implementation and effective use of aid, local currency funds are more valuable than project aid, at the margin-and it becomes important to reallocate local funds, to leverage project aid, and to raise the quality of investment projects. A persistent gap in local financing complicates programs of fiscal reform. For such programs to be effective, the local financing gap has to be confronted directly by matching planned local fund expenditures against expected local fund receipts. This requires a transparent database to develop indicators and to monitor the allocation and use of local resources. This paper-a product of the Macroeconomics Division II, Eastern Africa Department-is part of a larger effort in the department to understand the effectiveness of development expenditures.


Development Expenditures and the Local Financing Constraint

Development Expenditures and the Local Financing Constraint
Author: Albert D.K. Agbonyitor
Publisher:
Total Pages: 19
Release: 2016
Genre:
ISBN:

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The inadequacy of local funds is a major financing problem in most low-income economies. It is undercutting the absorption of aid and the sustainability of development projects. Focusing on the local financing constraint sheds new light on issues of aid, fiscal reform, and the management of public spending. The fungibility of aid need not translate into resource flows to fill the local financing gap. Indeed, project aid can widen the local financing gap. To augment direct local financing of development, aid must be nonproject aid that can generate local currency. In the longer term, project aid's effect on local financing lies in its impact on growth and on expanding the base for tax revenues, seigniorage, and borrowing.When inadequate local financing limits project implementation and effective use of aid, local currency funds are more valuable than project aid, at the margin - and it becomes important to reallocate local funds, to leverage project aid, and to raise the quality of investment projects. A persistent gap in local financing complicates programs of fiscal reform. For such programs to be effective, the local financing gap has to be confronted directly by matching planned local fund expenditures against expected local fund receipts. This requires a transparent database to develop indicators and to monitor the allocation and use of local resources.This paper - a product of the Macroeconomics Division II, Eastern Africa Department - is part of a larger effort in the department to understand the effectiveness of development expenditures.


Fiscal Decentralization and Local Finance in Developing Countries

Fiscal Decentralization and Local Finance in Developing Countries
Author: Roy Bahl
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Total Pages: 430
Release: 2018-03-30
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1786435306

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This book draws on experiences in developing countries to bridge the gap between the conventional textbook treatment of fiscal decentralization and the actual practice of subnational government finance. The extensive literature about the theory and practice is surveyed and longstanding problems and new questions are addressed. It focuses on the key choices that must be made in decentralizing, on how economic and political factors shape the choices that countries make, and on how, by paying more attention to the need for a more comprehensive approach and the critical connections between different components of decentralization reform, everyone involved might get more for their money.


Local Government Financial Constraint and Spending Multiplier in China

Local Government Financial Constraint and Spending Multiplier in China
Author: Yang Su
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2022
Genre:
ISBN:

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I estimate the present value of local GDP increases by about 11.4 RMB for 1 RMB increase of government spending during 2001-2019 at the prefecture city level in China, where the local governments play an active role in increasing economic growth but are financially constrained. To achieve identification, I construct a novel instrument for local government spending: the fraction of unoccupied raw land in the downtown area in 2000. After 2000, as the local governments increasingly rely on land sales to finance expenditures, a higher fraction of unoccupied raw land is associated with less compensation expense to occupants removed from the land and hence higher net profits from land sales for local governments. Moreover, the fraction of raw land is orthogonal to a rich set of city fundamentals in 2000 and major confounding shocks after 2000. The multiplier is significantly lower if the local governments have better access to debt financing or face less investment opportunities. The mechanism is consistent with models where government spending is investment. Higher government spending is found to increase local firms' productivity and market access, boosting labor demand and leading to crowd-in of private investment, and the magnitude the effect matches that of the multiplier. The paper highlights the macroeconomic importance of the financial constraint of governments that actively invest to promote economic growth.


Guidelines for Public Expenditure Management

Guidelines for Public Expenditure Management
Author: Mr.Jack Diamond
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 84
Release: 1999-07-01
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9781557757876

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Traditionally, economics training in public finances has focused more on tax than public expenditure issues, and within expenditure, more on policy considerations than the more mundane matters of public expenditure management. For many years, the IMF's Public Expenditure Management Division has answered specific questions raised by fiscal economists on such missions. Based on this experience, these guidelines arose from the need to provide a general overview of the principles and practices observed in three key aspects of public expenditure management: budget preparation, budget execution, and cash planning. For each aspect of public expenditure management, the guidelines identify separately the differing practices in four groups of countries - the francophone systems, the Commonwealth systems, Latin America, and those in the transition economies. Edited by Barry H. Potter and Jack Diamond, this publication is intended for a general fiscal, or a general budget, advisor interested in the macroeconomic dimension of public expenditure management.


Crisis and Constraint in Municipal Finance

Crisis and Constraint in Municipal Finance
Author: James H. Carr
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 460
Release: 1984
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN:

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Throughout the United States, local governments are experiencing sustained and mounting financial difficulties. As fiscal pressures edge upward, cities find it difficult to make ends meet. And while the most acute financial hardships are felt by older, declining industrial complexes, the need to reduce spending, cut services, improve productivity, and increase locally-raised revenues has been recognized by a steadily growing number of municipalities across the country.Local governments have entered an age of austerity wherein traditional notions of budgeting and service provision have been brought into question. Elected officials and financial managers have begun rethinking the manner in which scarce resources are allocated; they have also given significant attention to the ways in which revenues are generated. Carr argues that we are now in a post-industrial society, moving from urban centers to suburban and non-metropolitan jurisdictions. As a result, we are moving from an economy benefitting from prolonged periods of vigor and lower interest rates to an economy characterized by extended periods of recession.Crisis and Constraint in Municipal Finance identifies eight principal areas of concern to budget makers and municipal managers. Beginning with ways to identify fiscal performance, this volume reviews cutback practices, budgeting principles, revenue raising strategies, alternative public service delivery systems and economic development initiatives. Also reviewed are the changing roles of the federal and state governments in local financial matters, as well as the fiscal prospects for local government finances in the coming years. This is an important work that addresses concerns of the economy and should be read by urban planners and economic advisors.


Financing Metropolitan Governments in Developing Countries

Financing Metropolitan Governments in Developing Countries
Author: Roy W. Bahl
Publisher: Lincoln Inst of Land Policy
Total Pages: 430
Release: 2013
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 9781558442542

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The economic activity that drives growth in developing countries is heavily concentrated in cities. Catchphrases such as “metropolitan areas are the engines that pull the national economy” turn out to be fairly accurate. But the same advantages of metropolitan areas that draw investment also draw migrants who need jobs and housing, lead to demands for better infrastructure and social services, and result in increased congestion, environmental harm, and social problems. The challenges for metropolitan public finance are to capture a share of the economic growth to adequately finance new and growing expenditures and to organize governance so that services can be delivered in a cost-effective way, giving the local population a voice in fiscal decision making. At the same time, care must be taken to avoid overregulation and overtaxation, which will hamper the now quite mobile economic engine of private investment and entrepreneurial initiative. Metropolitan planning has become a reality in most large urban areas, even though the planning agencies are often ineffective in moving things forward and in linking their plans with the fiscal and financial realities of metropolitan government. A growing number of success stories in metropolitan finance and management, together with accumulated experience and proper efforts and support, could be extended to a broader array of forward-looking programs to address the growing public service needs of metropolitan-area populations. Nevertheless, sweeping metropolitan-area fiscal reforms have been few and far between; the urban policy reform agenda is still a long one; and there is a reasonable prospect that closing the gaps between what we know how to do and what is actually being done will continue to be difficult and slow. This book identifies the most important issues in metropolitan governance and finance in developing countries, describes the practice, explores the gap between practice and what theory suggests should be done, and lays out the reform paths that might be considered. Part of the solution will rest in rethinking expenditure assignments and instruments of finance. The “right” approach also will depend on the flexibility of political leaders to relinquish some control in order to find a better solution to the metropolitan finance problem.


Local Public Finance in Europe

Local Public Finance in Europe
Author: Bernard Dafflon
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Total Pages: 320
Release: 2002-01-01
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9781782541790

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'...the book contains a good deal of useful information about local government finance in Europe.' - John Fender, Local Government Studies '...I would like to thank you for publishing the great book Local Public Finance in Europe. It is a rare source of institutional information and also great insights on the subject.' - Andrey Timofeev, Georgia State University, US 'In respect of the hard budget constraint imposed by the stability pact for Maastricht...and the fact that European central governments can no longer bail out sub-federal obligations for more than 3% deficit to GNP annually and 60% debt to GDP...the volume edited by B. Dafflon is important and highly welcome.... Insofar, it represents an interesting and important milestone in the evaluation of the success of local budget rules in European countries.' - C.A. Schaltegger, Kyklos Most countries apply some form of restrictions to local government budgeting and borrowing, but in various forms and to varying degrees. These restrictions are considered necessary components of a fiscal federalism involving some sort of central government control in local affairs, a design which can be termed 'administrative federalism'. In this comprehensive book Bernard Dafflon introduces the reader to the institutional complexities of fiscal controls in European local public finance. The authors comprehensively explore the issues of government budgeting and borrowing, with the ultimate aim of understanding how mechanisms of fiscal discipline are established and function. Ten European countries are scrutinised on the basis of ten key issues including local budgetary policy-making, the policy effects of local budget deficits and public debt, the rules of amortisation and debt instalment, whether extensive fiscal controls promote budget accountability and discipline, and how the Maastricht criteria concerning deficit and debt can be implemented. They go on to highlight the complicated mix of rules, administrative routines and co-operative arrangements through which each country implements their individual budget controls. Although these arrangements have been successful in avoiding serious fiscal imbalance in the last twenty years, the authors argue that their impact on the broader goals of the government sector remains a more contentious question. This book offers a broad understanding of the rich institutional variations and elaborate fiscal designs in Europe from a comparative perspective. It will be welcomed by political scientists, public sector managers and economists, and scholars, practitioners and advanced students of public policy and fiscal studies.


Guide to Municipal Finance

Guide to Municipal Finance
Author: Naomi Enid Slack
Publisher: UN-HABITAT
Total Pages: 90
Release: 2009
Genre: Municipal finance
ISBN: 9211321131

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The Role of Local Government in Economic Development

The Role of Local Government in Economic Development
Author: Jonathan Q. Morgan
Publisher: Unc School of Government
Total Pages: 21
Release: 2009
Genre: Economic development
ISBN: 9781560116127

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This report discusses the findings from a mail survey of local government economic development activities that was sent to all 540 municipalities and 100 counties in North Carolina. An important part of the analysis examines whether cities and counties differ significantly in their economic development efforts and whether smaller jurisdictions employ different types of development strategies and tools than larger ones. The survey findings also highlight the barriers that local governments face in promoting economic development and identify important technical assistance needs and gaps in local capacity.