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| Author | : Department of the Army |
| Publisher | : Createspace Independent Pub |
| Total Pages | : 550 |
| Release | : 2013-03-09 |
| Genre | : History |
| ISBN | : 9781482733143 |
Download Destruction of Chemical Munitions at Pueblo Chemical Depot, Colorado - Final Environmental Impact Statement Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Public Law 99-145 and subsequent related legislation requires destruction of the U.S. stockpile of lethal unitary chemical agents and munitions. Furthermore, in 1993 an international treaty, the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), was signed by 65 nations, including the United States. The CWC, which set the deadline for completing destruction of chemical weapons as 10 years following ratification by the required number of nations, received the necessary ratifications on April 29,1997. Thus, the international deadline for destruction of chemical weapons as April 29, 2007. The Army Chemical Stockpile Disposal Program has prepared this Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) to assess the potential health and environmental impacts of the construction, operation, and closure of a facility to destroy the chemical agent and munitions stored at Pueblo Chemical Depot (PCD), Colorado. Four alternatives are addressed in this FEIS for possible use in destruction of the PCD stockpile: (1) baseline incineration, which is currently in use by the Army at Deseret Chemical Depot (DCD), Utah and was used by the Johnston Atoll Chemical Agent Disposal System (JACADS) to destroy the entire stockpile on Johnston Atoll; (2) modified incineration, which is based on lessons learned at JACADS and DCD; (3) chemical neutralization followed by biotreatment, a developing technology that would be initially operated as a pilot test facility; and (4) chemical neutralization followed by super critical water oxidation, which is also under development and would be initially operated as a pilot test facility. The latter two alternatives are also being evaluated in a separate DEIS prepared by the Army Assembled Chemical Weapons Assessment Program (ACWA) as part of four chemical neutralization technologies being considered for pilot testing at PCD and three other chemical munitions storage locations. The data and information obtained from testing and full scale operation of the incineration technology, and available data and information from on-going studies of the neutralization technologies provided by ACWA are analyzed and compared to the extent possible in this FEIS.
| Author | : Christopher F. Lesniak |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2001 |
| Genre | : Chemical weapons disposal |
| ISBN | : |
Download Destruction of Chemical Munitions at Pueblo Chemical Depot, Colorado Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 134 |
| Release | : 2009-05-22 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 0309126835 |
Download Assessment of Explosive Destruction Technologies for Specific Munitions at the Blue Grass and Pueblo Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plants Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The Army's ability to meet public and congressional demands to destroy expeditiously all of the U.S. declared chemical weapons would be enhanced by the selection and acquisition of appropriate explosive destruction technologies (EDTs) to augment the main technologies to be used to destroy the chemical weapons currently at the Blue Grass Army Depot (BGAD) in Kentucky and the Pueblo Chemical Depot (PCD) in Colorado. The Army is considering four EDTs for the destruction of chemical weapons: three from private sector vendors, and a fourth, Army-developed explosive destruction system (EDS). This book updates earlier evaluations of these technologies, as well as any other viable detonation technologies, based on several considerations including process maturity, process efficacy, process throughput, process safety, public and regulatory acceptability, and secondary waste issues, among others. It also provides detailed information on each of the requirements at BGAD and PCD and rates each of the existing suitable EDTs plus the Army's EDS with respect to how well it satisfies these requirements.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 554 |
| Release | : 2002 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Download Disposal of Chemical Munitions at Pueblo Chemical Depot Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 150 |
| Release | : 2015-03-26 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 0309317916 |
Download Review Criteria for Successful Treatment of Hydrolysate at the Pueblo Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plant Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
One of the last two sites with chemical munitions and chemical materiel is the Pueblo Chemical Depot in Pueblo, Colorado. The stockpile at this location consists of about 800,000 projectiles and mortars, all of which are filled with the chemical agent mustard. Under the direction of the Assembled Chemical Weapons Alternative Program (ACWA), the Army has constructed the Pueblo Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plant (PCAPP) to destroy these munitions. The primary technology to be used to destroy the mustard agent at PCAPP is hydrolysis, resulting in a secondary waste stream referred to as hydrolysate. PCAPP features a process that will be used to treat the hydrolysate and the thiodiglycol - a breakdown product of mustard - contained within. The process is a biotreatment technology that uses what are known as immobilized cell bioreactors. After biodegradation, the effluent flows to a brine reduction system, producing a solidified filter cake that is intended to be sent offsite to a permitted hazardous waste disposal facility. Water recovered from the brine reduction system is intended to be recycled back through the plant, thereby reducing the amount of water that is withdrawn from groundwater. Although biotreatment of toxic chemicals, brine reduction, and water recovery are established technologies, never before have these technologies been combined to treat mustard hydrolysate. At the request of the U.S. Army, Review Criteria for Successful Treatment of Hydrolysate at the Pueblo Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plant reviews the criteria for successfully treating the hydrolysate. This report provides information on the composition of the hydrolysate and describes the PCAPP processes for treating it; discusses stakeholder concerns; reviews regulatory considerations at the federal, state, and local levels; discusses Department of Transportation regulations and identifies risks associated with the offsite shipment of hydrolysate; establishes criteria for successfully treating the hydrolysate and identifies systemization data that should factor into the criteria and decision process for offsite transport and disposal of the hydrolysate; and discusses failure risks and contingency options as well as the downstream impacts of a decision to ship hydrolysate offsite.
| Author | : Committee to Review Assembled Chemical Weapons Alternatives Program Detonation Technologies |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2009-04-30 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 9780309126830 |
Download Assessment of Explosive Destruction Technologies for Specific Munitions at the Blue Grass and Pueblo Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plants Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The Army's ability to meet public and congressional demands to destroy expeditiously all of the U.S. declared chemical weapons would be enhanced by the selection and acquisition of appropriate explosive destruction technologies (EDTs) to augment the main technologies to be used to destroy the chemical weapons currently at the Blue Grass Army Depot (BGAD) in Kentucky and the Pueblo Chemical Depot (PCD) in Colorado. The Army is considering four EDTs for the destruction of chemical weapons: three from private sector vendors, and a fourth, Army-developed explosive destruction system (EDS). This book updates earlier evaluations of these technologies, as well as any other viable detonation technologies, based on several considerations including process maturity, process efficacy, process throughput, process safety, public and regulatory acceptability, and secondary waste issues, among others. It also provides detailed information on each of the requirements at BGAD and PCD and rates each of the existing suitable EDTs plus the Army's EDS with respect to how well it satisfies these requirements.
| Author | : National Research Council (U.S.). Committee On Review Criteria for Successful Treatment of Hydrolysate at the Pueblo and Blue Grass Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plant |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 85 |
| Release | : 2015 |
| Genre | : TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING |
| ISBN | : 9780309367646 |
Download Review Criteria for Successful Treatment of Hydrolysate at the Pueblo Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plant Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
"One of the last two sites with chemical munitions and chemical materiel is the Pueblo Chemical Depot in Pueblo, Colorado. The stockpile at this location consists of about 800,000 projectiles and mortars, all of which are filled with the chemical agent mustard. Under the direction of the Assembled Chemical Weapons Alternative Program (ACWA), the Army has constructed the Pueblo Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plant (PCAPP) to destroy these munitions. The primary technology to be used to destroy the mustard agent at PCAPP is hydrolysis, resulting in a secondary waste stream referred to as hydrolysate. PCAPP features a process that will be used to treat the hydrolysate and the thiodiglycol - a breakdown product of mustard - contained within. The process is a biotreatment technology that uses what are known as immobilized cell bioreactors. After biodegradation, the effluent flows to a brine reduction system, producing a solidified filter cake that is intended to be sent offsite to a permitted hazardous waste disposal facility. Water recovered from the brine reduction system is intended to be recycled back through the plant, thereby reducing the amount of water that is withdrawn from groundwater. Although biotreatment of toxic chemicals, brine reduction, and water recovery are established technologies, never before have these technologies been combined to treat mustard hydrolysate. At the request of the U.S. Army, Review Criteria for Successful Treatment of Hydrolysate at the Pueblo Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plant reviews the criteria for successfully treating the hydrolysate. This report provides information on the composition of the hydrolysate and describes the PCAPP processes for treating it; discusses stakeholder concerns; reviews regulatory considerations at the federal, state, and local levels; discusses Department of Transportation regulations and identifies risks associated with the offsite shipment of hydrolysate; establishes criteria for successfully treating the hydrolysate and identifies systemization data that should factor into the criteria and decision process for offsite transport and disposal of the hydrolysate; and discusses failure risks and contingency options as well as the downstream impacts of a decision to ship hydrolysate offsite."--Publisher's description.
| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 92 |
| Release | : 2005-01-18 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 030916530X |
Download Interim Design Assessment for the Pueblo Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plant Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
In 1996, Congress enacted directing the Department of Defense to assess and demonstrate technology alternatives to incineration for destruction of the chemical weapons stored at Pueblo Chemical and Blue Grass Army Depots. Since then, the National Research Council (NRC) has been carrying out evaluations of candidate technologies including reviews of engineering design studies and demonstration testing. Most recently, the NRC was asked by the Army to evaluate designs for pilot plants at Pueblo and Blue Grass. These pilot plants would use chemical neutralization for destroying the chemical agent and the energetics in the munitions stockpiles of these two depots. This report provides the interim assessment of the Pueblo Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plant (PCAPP) to permit adjustment of any significant problems as soon as possible. The report presents an analysis of the issues about the current PCAPP design and a series of findings and recommendations about ways to reduce concerns with involve the public more heavily in the process.
| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 60 |
| Release | : 2011-05-19 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 0309163455 |
Download Assessment of Approaches for Using Process Safety Metrics at the Blue Grass and Pueblo Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plants Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The Department of Defense, through the Assembled Chemical Weapons Alternatives program, is currently in the process of constructing two full-scale pilot plants at the Pueblo Chemical Depot in Colorado and the Blue Grass Army Depot in Kentucky to destroy the last two remaining inventories of chemical weapons in the U.S. stockpile. These two storage sites together account for about 10 percent of the original U.S. chemical agent stockpile that is in the process of being destroyed in accordance with the international Chemical Weapons Convention treaty. Unlike their predecessors, these facilities will use neutralization technologies to destroy agents contained within rockets, projectiles, and mortar rounds, requiring the use of specially designed equipment. As part of its focus on safe operation of the planned facilities, the Program Manager for Assembled Chemical Weapons Alternatives asked the National Research Council (NRC) to conduct a study to offer guidance on the application of process safety metrics at the Pueblo Chemical Depot and Blue Grass Army Depot. Process safety is a disciplined framework for managing the integrity of operating systems, processes and personnel handling hazardous substances, and operations by applying good design principles, engineering, and operating practices. Process Safety Metrics at the Blue Grass and Pueblo Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plants discusses the use of leading and lagging process safety metrics that could provide feedback on the effectiveness of controls to mitigate risks and minimize consequences of potential incidents. The book makes several recommendations that will facilitate the development and application of process safety metrics at both sites.
| Author | : United States. General Accounting Office |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 40 |
| Release | : 1990 |
| Genre | : Chemical warfare |
| ISBN | : |
Download Chemical Weapons Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
