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| Author | : Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of Europe |
| Publisher | : Council of Europe |
| Total Pages | : 204 |
| Release | : 1996-01-01 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 9789287131263 |
Contribution of the Congress of Local & Regional Authorities of Europe to the Council of Europe's Campaign and Plan of Action against Racism, Xenophobia, Anti-semitism and Intolerance
| Author | : Merilee S. Grindle |
| Publisher | : Princeton University Press |
| Total Pages | : 249 |
| Release | : 2009-03-09 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 1400830354 |
Many developing countries have a history of highly centralized governments. Since the late 1980s, a large number of these governments have introduced decentralization to increase democracy and improve services, especially in small communities far from capital cities. In Going Local, an unprecedented study of the effects of decentralization on thirty Mexican municipalities, Merilee Grindle describes how local governments respond when they are assigned new responsibilities and resources under decentralization policies. She explains why decentralization leads to better local governments in some cases--and why it fails to in others. Combining quantitative and qualitative methods, Grindle examines data based on a random sample of Mexican municipalities--and ventures into town halls to follow public officials as they seek to manage a variety of tasks amid conflicting pressures and new expectations. Decentralization, she discovers, is a double-edged sword. While it allows public leaders to make significant reforms quickly, institutional weaknesses undermine the durability of change, and legacies of the past continue to affect how public problems are addressed. Citizens participate, but they are more successful at extracting resources from government than in holding local officials and agencies accountable for their actions. The benefits of decentralization regularly predicted by economists, political scientists, and management specialists are not inevitable, she argues. Rather, they are strongly influenced by the quality of local leadership and politics.
| Author | : Timothy D. Sisk |
| Publisher | : International IDEA |
| Total Pages | : 268 |
| Release | : 2001 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : |
In today's globalising world, there is growing emphasis on local democracy. More than ever, cities need new ideas for ways of managing the political challenges and opportunities that arise from increased urbanisation and globalisation. Governing effectively at the local level is all the more urgent as vigorous local civic engagement builds the foundation for a strong and more enduring national-level democracy. Organised into six chapters and written by experts from around the world this handbook offers: practical suggestions for designing systems of local governance; principles and policies for managing culturally diverse cities; choices for enhancing local elections and representative democracy; options for expanding citizen participation; recommendations for the international community for enhancing local democracy.
| Author | : John Loughlin |
| Publisher | : OUP Oxford |
| Total Pages | : 810 |
| Release | : 2012-11-08 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 0191628247 |
The Oxford Handbook of Local and Regional Democracy in Europe analyses the state of play of democracy at the subnational level in the 27 member states of the EU plus Norway and Switzerland. It places subnational democracy in the context of the distinctive Anglo, the French, the German and Scandinavian state traditions in Europe asking to what extent these are still relevant today. The Handbook adapts Lijphart's theory of democracy and applies it to the subnational levels in all the country chapters. A key theoretical issue is whether subnational (regional and local) democracy is derived from national democracy or whether it is legitimate in its own right. Besides these theoretical concerns it focuses on the practice of democracy: the roles of political parties and interest groups and also how subnational political institutions relate to the ordinary citizen. This can take the form of local referendums or other mechanisms of participation. The Handbook reveals a wide variety of practices across Europe in this regard. Local financial systems also reveal a great variety. Finally, each chapter examines the challenges facing subnational democracy but also the opportunities available to them to enhance their democratic systems. Among the challenges identified are: Europeanization, globalization, but also citizens disaffection and switch-off from politics. Some countries have confronted these challenges more successfully than others but all countries face them. An important aspect of the Handbook is the inclusion of all the countries of East and Central Europe plus Cyprus and Malta, who joined the EU in 2004 and 2007. This is the first time they have been examined alongside the countries of Western Europe from the angle of subnational democracy.
| Author | : Bas Denters |
| Publisher | : Edward Elgar Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 473 |
| Release | : 2014-09-26 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 1783478241 |
How large should local governments be, and what are the implications of changing the scale of local governments for the quality of local democracy? These questions have stood at the centre of debates among scholars and public sector reformers alike fro
| Author | : Rebecca Abers |
| Publisher | : Lynne Rienner Publishers |
| Total Pages | : 288 |
| Release | : 2000 |
| Genre | : Local government |
| ISBN | : 9781555878931 |
Abers (political science, Center for Public Policy Research, U. of Brasília, Brazil) provides a close study of innovative city government in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Led by the Workers' Party, the city implemented a participatory budget program in which residents meet in their neighborhoods to determine budget priorities. Taking place in a city long dominated by patronage politics and elite rule, the story is both a sociopolitical study of the impact that state- sponsored participatory forums can have on civil society and a contribution to the theory and practical possibilities of participatory democracy.--
| Author | : Angelika Vetter |
| Publisher | : Lexington Books |
| Total Pages | : 250 |
| Release | : 2007 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 9780739120200 |
Local Politics: A Resource for Democracy in Western Europe? examines the relationship between local institutional design and citizens' attitudes toward democracy. Vetter highlights the conditions under which locally socialized political orientations may serve as a resource for democracy at higher system levels.
| Author | : Hubert Heinelt |
| Publisher | : Routledge |
| Total Pages | : 121 |
| Release | : 2016-02-05 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 1317632389 |
Political leadership at the local level has attracted growing attention in recent years in parallel with reforms of local government and of the municipal administration as well as the debate on a shift from government to governance. But this debate is mainly focused on single leaders, i.e. mayors or executive officers. Considering the power triangle of (i) the mayor, (ii) the municipal administration (executive officers) and (iii) the council, it is surprising that councillors have gained little interest so far. The aim of this book is to reflect on the role and task perception as well as the behaviour of councillors in the changing context of local democracy. The chapters start from a common conceptual framework. We start from the hypothesis that the role perception as well as the behaviour of councillors can not be conceived of being determined directly by (i) both formals and informal institutional structures as well as by (ii) personal characteristics. Instead, we argue that the perceptions and behaviour of councillors are depending on their notion of democracy. However, the understanding of democracy can be affected by institutional structure – but not solely by such organisational arrangements but depending on personal characteristics of the councillors. This book was published as a special issue of Local Government Studies.
| Author | : Françoise Montambeault |
| Publisher | : Stanford University Press |
| Total Pages | : 284 |
| Release | : 2015-10-14 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 0804796572 |
Participatory democracy innovations aimed at bringing citizens back into local governance processes are now at the core of the international democratic development agenda. Municipalities around the world have adopted local participatory mechanisms of various types in the last two decades, including participatory budgeting, the flagship Brazilian program, and participatory planning, as it is the case in several Mexican municipalities. Yet, institutionalized participatory mechanisms have had mixed results in practice at the municipal level. So why and how does success vary? This book sets out to answer that question. Defining democratic success as a transformation of state-society relationships, the author goes beyond the clientelism/democracy dichotomy and reveals that four types of state-society relationships can be observed in practice: clientelism, disempowering co-option, fragmented inclusion, and democratic cooperation. Using this typology, and drawing on the comparative case study of four cities in Mexico and Brazil, the book demonstrates that the level of democratic success is best explained by an approach that accounts for institutional design, structural conditions of mobilization, and the configurations, strategies, behaviors, and perceptions of both state and societal actors. Thus, institutional change alone does not guarantee democratic success: the way these institutional changes are enacted by both political and social actors is even more important as it conditions the potential for an autonomous civil society to emerge and actively engage with the local state in the social construction of an inclusive citizenship.
| Author | : Thad Williamson |
| Publisher | : Routledge |
| Total Pages | : 436 |
| Release | : 2014-06-03 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 131779477X |
When pundits refer to the death of community, they are speaking of a number of social ills, which include, but are not limited to, the general increase in isolation and cynicism of our citizens, widespread concerns about declining political participation and membership in civic organizations, and periodic outbursts of small town violence. Making a Place for Community argues that this death of community is being caused by contemporary policies that, if not changed, will continue to foster the decline of community. Increased capital flow between nations is not at the root of the problem, however, increased capital flow within our nation is. Small towns shouldn't have to hope for a prison to open nearby and downtown centers shouldn't sit empty as suburban sparwl encroaches, but they do and it's a result of widely agreed upon public policies.
